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Revision as of 13:43, 15 November 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Script assisted update of identifiers for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'DrugBank', 'ChEMBL').← Previous edit Latest revision as of 20:07, 30 August 2024 edit undo174.66.87.253 (talk) Sort cats. 
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{{Short description|Chemical compound}}
{{Distinguish|Decamethonium}}
{{Drugbox {{Drugbox
| Verifiedfields = changed | Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 396325216 | verifiedrevid = 460775208
| IUPAC_name = trimethyl- decyl] carbamoyl] oxyphenyl]-ammonium dibromide | IUPAC_name = Trimethyl-decyl]carbamoyl]oxyphenyl]ammonium dibromide
| image = Demecarium bromide.png | image = Demecarium bromide.svg
| width = 300


<!--Clinical data--> <!--Clinical data-->
| tradename = | tradename = Humorsol
| pregnancy_category = | pregnancy_category =
| legal_status = | legal_status =
| routes_of_administration = | routes_of_administration = ] (])


<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> <!--Pharmacokinetic data-->
| bioavailability = | bioavailability =
| protein_bound = | protein_bound =
| metabolism = | metabolism =
| elimination_half-life = | elimination_half-life =
| excretion = | excretion =


<!--Identifiers--> <!--Identifiers-->
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} | CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CAS_number = 56-94-0 | CAS_number = 56-94-0
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 61D5V4OKTP | UNII = 61D5V4OKTP
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D00667 | KEGG = D00667
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 4391 | ChEBI = 4391
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} | ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1200514 --> | ChEMBL = 1200514

⚫ | C=32 | H=52 | Br=2 | N=4 | O=4
<!--Chemical data-->
| molecular_weight = 716.588 g/mol
⚫ | C=32 | H=52 | Br=2 | N=4 | O=4
| smiles = ..O=C(Oc1cccc(c1)(C)(C)C)N(CCCCCCCCCCN(C(=O)Oc2cccc(c2)(C)(C)C)C)C | smiles = ..O=C(Oc1cccc(c1)(C)(C)C)N(CCCCCCCCCCN(C(=O)Oc2cccc(c2)(C)(C)C)C)C
| InChI = 1/C32H52N4O4.2BrH/c1-33(31(37)39-29-21-17-19-27(25-29)35(3,4)5)23-15-13-11-9-10-12-14-16-24-34(2)32(38)40-30-22-18-20-28(26-30)36(6,7)8;;/h17-22,25-26H,9-16,23-24H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
| InChIKey = YHKBUDZECQDYBR-NUQVWONBAG
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C32H52N4O4.2BrH/c1-33(31(37)39-29-21-17-19-27(25-29)35(3,4)5)23-15-13-11-9-10-12-14-16-24-34(2)32(38)40-30-22-18-20-28(26-30)36(6,7)8;;/h17-22,25-26H,9-16,23-24H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2 | StdInChI = 1S/C32H52N4O4.2BrH/c1-33(31(37)39-29-21-17-19-27(25-29)35(3,4)5)23-15-13-11-9-10-12-14-16-24-34(2)32(38)40-30-22-18-20-28(26-30)36(6,7)8;;/h17-22,25-26H,9-16,23-24H2,1-8H3;2*1H/q+2;;/p-2
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}} }}


'''Demecarium bromide''', trade name '''Humorsol''', is a ] ] drug that acts as an ], and is used as a ]. It is applied directly to the eye in order to reduce elevated ] associated with ].<ref name="Jeske 2014">{{cite book | veditors = Jeske AH |title=Mosby's dental drug reference |date=2014 |publisher=Elsevier Mosby |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-0-323-16916-5 |page=374 |edition=11th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=OcU0AwAAQBAJ&pg=PR548 |chapter=Demecarium bromide}}</ref>
'''Demecarium''' is a ] that acts as an ]. It is one of several topical (applied directly to the affected area) medications used to reduce elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) associated with primary glaucoma in cats, dogs, and other animals.<ref>{{cite journal | author = Ward D, Abney K, Oliver J | title = The effects of topical ocular application of 0.25% demecarium bromide on serum acetylcholinesterase levels in normal dogs. | journal = Vet Ophthalmol | volume = 6 | issue = 1 | pages = 23–5 | year = 2003 | pmid = 12641839 | doi = 10.1046/j.1463-5224.2003.00257.x}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Krohne S | title = Effect of topically applied 2% pilocarpine and 0.25% demecarium bromide on blood-aqueous barrier permeability in dogs. | journal = Am J Vet Res | volume = 55 | issue = 12 | pages = 1729–33 | year = 1994 | pmid = 7887518}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | author = Gum G, Gelatt K, Gelatt J, Jones R | title = Effect of topically applied demecarium bromide and echothiophate iodide on intraocular pressure and pupil size in beagles with normotensive eyes and beagles with inherited glaucoma. | journal = Am J Vet Res | volume = 54 | issue = 2 | pages = 287–93 | year = 1993 | pmid = 8430939}}</ref>

Demecarium causes constriction of the pupil (]), which improves the drainage of the fluid in the eye (]).<ref name="Stein 2012">{{cite book | vauthors = Stein HA, Stein RM, Freeman M |title=Ophthalmic dictionary and vocabulary builder for eye care professionals |date=2012 |publisher=Jaypee Brothers Medical |location=New Delhi |isbn=9789350253656 |page=103 |edition=4th | chapter = Demecarium bromide (Humorsol) | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-xnRmiZBzqwC&pg=PA103}}</ref> As demecarium reversibly inhibits ], it can be administered less frequently than other parasympathomimetic drugs, such as ].<ref name="Maggs 2013" />

Commercially produced demecarium bromide solution, previously sold under the trade name Humorsol,<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Edmunds MW, Mayhew MS |title=Pharmacology for the primary care provider |date=2013 |publisher=Elsevier Health Sciences |isbn=978-0-323-08790-2 |page=174 |edition=4th |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8FwdEsvnw8oC&pg=PA174}}</ref> is no longer available,<ref name="Maggs 2013">{{cite book | vauthors = Maggs DJ, Miller PE, Ofri R |title=Slatter's Fundamentals of Veterinary Ophthalmology |date=2013 |publisher=Elsevier |location=St. Louis, Missouri |isbn=978-1-4377-2367-0 |page=51 |edition=5th |chapter-url=https://books.google.com/books?id=8QCduRN3zR0C&pg=PA51 |chapter=Indirect-acting parasympathomimetic agents}}</ref> although solutions of demecarium can be ].<ref name="Alario 2015">{{cite journal | vauthors = Alario AF, Strong TD, Pizzirani S | title = Medical Treatment of Primary Canine Glaucoma | journal = The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Small Animal Practice | volume = 45 | issue = 6 | pages = 1235–59, vi | date = November 2015 | pmid = 26319445 | doi = 10.1016/j.cvsm.2015.06.004 }}</ref>

==Use in dogs==
When administered with a topical ], demecarium can delay the onset of ] in dogs.<ref name="Maggs 2013" /> High doses of demecarium may cause ], particularly if flea treatments containing organophosphates are administered at the same time.<ref name="Maggs 2013" />


== See also == == See also ==
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== References == == References ==
{{Reflist|2}} {{Reflist|2}}



{{Opthalmologicals}} {{Opthalmologicals}}
{{Acetylcholine metabolism and transport modulators}}
{{Cholinergics}}


{{pharmacology-stub}}


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