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			{{Short description|Expectorant medication}}
	{{Refimprove|date=November 2007}}
			{{Use dmy dates|date=December 2024}}
			{{cs1 config|name-list-style=vanc|display-authors=6}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
	| verifiedrevid = 416974053		| verifiedrevid = 458631122
			| class = ]
	| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
	| image = Guaifenesin.svg		| image = Guaifenesin.svg
			| image2 = Guaifenesin molecule spacefill.png
	| width = 270px
			| width = 222
	| imagename = 1 : 1 mixture (racemate)
			| chirality = ]
	| drug_name = Guaifenesin
			<!-- Clinical data -->| pronounce = {{IPAc-en|ɡ|w|aɪ|ˈ|f|ɛ|n|ᵻ|s|ɪ|n}}<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.merriam-webster.com/medical/guaifenesin | access-date = | title = Guaifenesin Definition & Meaning|work = Merriam-Webster}}</ref>
	<!--Clinical data-->
	| tradename = Mucinex		| tradename = Mucinex, others
	| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|guaifenesin}}		| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|guaifenesin}}
	| MedlinePlus = a682494		| MedlinePlus = a682494
	| licence_US = Guaifenesin		| DailyMedID = Guaifenesin
			| routes_of_administration = ]
	| pregnancy_category = C <small>(])</small>
			| ATC_prefix = R05
	| legal_status = OTC <small>(], ])</small>
			| ATC_suffix = CA03
	| routes_of_administration = Oral (PO)
			| ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|M03|BX90}}
			| legal_NZ = OTC
			| legal_US = OTC
			| legal_US_comment = /&nbsp;Rx-only
	<!--Pharmacokinetic data-->		<!-- Pharmacokinetic data -->| bioavailability =
	| metabolism = Renal		| protein_bound =
			| metabolism = ]
	| elimination_half-life = 2.88 hours<ref name="pmid8218524">{{cite journal| author=Aluri JB, Stavchansky S| title=Determination of guaifenesin in human plasma by liquid chromatography in the presence of pseudoephedrine | journal=J Pharm Biomed Anal | year= 1993 | volume= 11 | issue= 9 | pages= 803–8 | pmid=8218524 | doi= 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80072-9| pmc= | url=http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/eutils/elink.fcgi?dbfrom=pubmed&tool=sumsearch.org/cite&retmode=ref&cmd=prlinks&id=8218524 }} </ref>
			| metabolites =
			| elimination_half-life = 1–5 hours<ref name="pmid8218524">{{cite journal|vauthors=Aluri JB, Stavchansky S | title=Determination of guaifenesin in human plasma by liquid chromatography in the presence of pseudoephedrine | journal=J Pharm Biomed Anal | year= 1993 | volume= 11 | issue= 9 | pages= 803–808 | pmid=8218524 | doi= 10.1016/0731-7085(93)80072-9}}</ref>
	<!--Identifiers-->
			| excretion = <!-- Identifiers -->
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
			| IUPHAR_ligand = 7617
	| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}		| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
	| CAS_number = 93-14-1		| CAS_number = 93-14-1
	| ATC_prefix = R05
	| ATC_suffix = CA03
	| ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|M03|BX90}}
	| PubChem = 3516		| PubChem = 3516
	| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}		| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}}
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	| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}		| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
	| ChEMBL = 980		| ChEMBL = 980
			| synonyms = Glyceryl guaiacolate
	<!--Chemical data-->		<!-- Chemical data -->| IUPAC_name = (''RS'')-3-(2-methoxyphenoxy)propane-1,2-diol
	| C=10 | H=14 | O=4		| C = 10
			| H = 14
	| molecular_weight = 198.216 g/mol
	| smiles = O(c1ccccc1OC)CC(O)CO		| O = 4
			| SMILES = O(c1ccccc1OC)CC(O)CO
	| InChI = 1/C10H14O4/c1-13-9-4-2-3-5-10(9)14-7-8(12)6-11/h2-5,8,11-12H,6-7H2,1H3
	| InChIKey = HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYAG
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChI = 1S/C10H14O4/c1-13-9-4-2-3-5-10(9)14-7-8(12)6-11/h2-5,8,11-12H,6-7H2,1H3		| StdInChI = 1S/C10H14O4/c1-13-9-4-2-3-5-10(9)14-7-8(12)6-11/h2-5,8,11-12H,6-7H2,1H3
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	| StdInChIKey = HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N		| StdInChIKey = HSRJKNPTNIJEKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N
	}}		}}
	'''Guaifenesin''' ] ({{IPAc-en|icon|ɡ|w|aɪ|ˈ|f|ɛ|n|ɨ|s|ɪ|n}}) or '''guaiphenesin''' (former ]), also '''glyceryl guaiacolate''',<ref name="Drugs.com">{{cite web
	|title=Guaifenesin
	|url=http://www.drugs.com/ppa/guaifenesin-glyceryl-guaiacolate.html
	|publisher=Drugs.com
	|accessdate=2008-10-29
	}}</ref> is an ] ] sold ] and usually taken by mouth to assist the bringing up (]) of ] from the ]s in acute ]s.
			<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
	==History==
			'''Guaifenesin''', also known as '''glyceryl guaiacolate''', is an ] medication taken by mouth and marketed as an aid to eliminate ] from the ]. Chemically, it is an ] of ] and ]. It may be used in combination with other medications.<ref name="drugs">{{cite web|title=Guaifenesin: Monograph for Professionals|url=https://www.drugs.com/monograph/guaifenesin.html|publisher=Drugs.com, American Society of Health-System Pharmacists|date=23 January 2023|access-date=30 July 2023}}</ref> A 2014 study found that guaifenesin does not affect sputum volume in upper respiratory infections (the upper respiratory system includes most breathing parts ''above'' the lungs).<ref name="pmid24003241">{{cite journal | vauthors = Hoffer-Schaefer A, Rozycki HJ, Yopp MA, Rubin BK | title = Guaifenesin has no effect on sputum volume or sputum properties in adolescents and adults with acute respiratory tract infections | journal = Respiratory Care | volume = 59 | issue = 5 | pages = 631–636 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24003241 | doi = 10.4187/respcare.02640 | doi-access = free }}</ref><ref name="pmid24789023">{{cite journal | vauthors = O'Connell OJ | title = Is extended-release guaifenesin no better than a placebo? | journal = Respir Care | volume = 59 | issue = 5 | pages = 788–9 | date = May 2014 | pmid = 24789023 | doi = 10.4187/respcare.03319 | url = }}</ref>
	Similar medicines derived from the ] were in use as a generic remedy by Native Americans when explorers reached ] in the 16th century. <br />
	The Spanish encountered guaiacum wood "when they conquered San Domingo; it was soon brought back to Europe, where it acquired an immense reputation in the sixteenth century as a cure for syphilis and certain other diseases..."
	<ref name="Wallis1955">{{cite book|last=Wallis|first=Thomas|middle=E|title=Textbook of Pharmacognosy|year=1955}}</ref><br />
	The 1955 edition of the Textbook of Pharmacognosy also says that:<br />
	"Guaiacum has a local stimulant action which is sometimes useful in sore throat. The resin is used in chronic gout and rheumatism, whilst the wood is an ingredient in the compound concentrated solution of sarsaparilla, which was formerly much used as an alterative in syphilis."<ref name="Wallis1955" /><br />
	Guaifenesin was first approved by the ] (FDA) in 1952. Although previously deemed "Generally Regarded as Safe" in its original approval, the drug received a New Drug Application for the extended-release version, which won approval on July 12, 2002. Because of this, the FDA then issued letters to other manufacturers of ''timed-release'' guaifenesin to stop marketing their unapproved versions, leaving Adams Respiratory Therapeutics in control of the market. Adams was subsequently acquired by Reckitt Benckiser, based on the strength of the marketing generated by Adams' Mucinex brand.
	<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rb.com/site/RKBR/Templates/MediaInvestorsGeneral2.aspx?pageid=262&cc=GB |title=Announcements RB Press release - 10/12/2007 |accessdate=16 November 2010}}</ref>
	<ref>{{cite news |first=Jacob |last=Goldstein |title=FDA Bumps Phlegm-Fighters From Market |url=http://blogs.wsj.com/health/2007/05/25/fda-bumps-phlegm-fighters-from-market/ |date=25 May 2007 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |accessdate=16 November 2010}}</ref>
			<!-- Side effects and mechanism -->
	==Availability==
			Side effects may include ], ], ], and ].<ref name=drugs/> While it has not been properly studied in pregnancy, it appears to be safe.<ref name=Wei2013>{{cite book | vauthors = Weiner CP, Rope K |title=The Complete Guide to Medications During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Everything You Need to Know to Make the Best Choices for You and Your Baby |date=2013 |publisher=St. Martin's Press |isbn=9781250037206 |page=PT282 |url=https://archive.org/details/completeguidetom0000wein_t9k5 |url-access=registration |language=en}}</ref> It is believed to work by making airway secretions more liquid.<ref name=drugs/>
	Guaifenesin is sold as pills or syrups under many ]s. Single-ingredient formulations of guaifenesin are available, and it is also included in many other over-the-counter cough and cold remedy combinations (usually in conjunction with ] and/or ] or ] and/or ]). Guaifenesin is a component of ], ], ], ], ], ], ] Mucous Control, Meltus, and Bidex 400.
			<!-- History and culture -->
	==Uses==
			Guaifenesin has been used medically since at least 1933.<ref>{{cite book | vauthors = Riviere JE, Papich MG |title=Veterinary Pharmacology and Therapeutics |date=2013 |publisher=John Wiley & Sons |isbn=9781118685907 |page=287 |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xAPa4WDzAnQC&pg=PA287 }}</ref> It is available as a ] and ] (OTC).<ref name=drugs/><ref name=Wei2013/> In 2022, it was the 295th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 400,000 prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2022">{{cite web | title=The Top 300 of 2022 | url=https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | website=ClinCalc | access-date=30 August 2024 | archive-date=30 August 2024 | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20240830202410/https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Top300Drugs.aspx | url-status=live }}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title = Guaifenesin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/Guaifenesin | access-date = 30 August 2024 }}</ref> In 2022, the combination dextromethorphan/guaifenesin was the 290th most commonly prescribed medication in the United States, with more than 400,000 prescriptions.<ref name="Top 300 of 2022" /><ref>{{cite web | title = Dextromethorphan; Guaifenesin Drug Usage Statistics, United States, 2013 - 2022 | website = ClinCalc | url = https://clincalc.com/DrugStats/Drugs/DextromethorphanGuaifenesin | access-date = 30 August 2024 }}</ref>
	The principal use of guaifenesin is in the treatment of coughing, but the drug has numerous other uses, including medical, veterinary, and personal.
			==Medical uses==
	==Effect and mechanism of action{{anchor|Mechanism of action & effect}}==
			Guaifenesin is used to try to help with coughing up thick mucus. It is sometimes combined with the ] (cough suppressant) ], such as in Mucinex DM or Robitussin DM.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.webmd.com/drugs/mono-704-GUAIFENESIN%2fDEXTROMETHORPHAN+-+ORAL.aspx?drugid=5508&drugname=Guaifenesin+DM+Oral&source=0 |title=Guaifenesin DM |publisher=WebMD.com }}</ref> It is also combined with ] in Primatene and Bronkaid tablets for symptomatic relief of ]. Guaifenesin is combined with ] and ] in certain ] formulations.<ref>{{Cite web |title=Lemsip Max All in One |url=https://www.lemsip.co.uk/collections/lemsip-max-all-in-one |access-date=4 November 2024 |website=LemsipUK |language=en}}</ref>
			A ] identified three ]s assessing guaifenesin for the treatment of acute cough, with one finding significant benefit and the other two trials finding that it was not effective.<ref name="pmid25420096">{{cite journal | vauthors = Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T | title = Over-the-counter (OTC) medications for acute cough in children and adults in community settings | journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev | volume = 2014 | issue = 11 | pages = CD001831 | date = November 2014 | pmid = 25420096 | pmc = 7061814 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub5 | url = }}</ref>
	Guaifenesin is thought to act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi. It also stimulates the flow of respiratory tract secretions allowing ciliary movement to carry the loosened secretions upward toward the pharynx.<ref>Gutierrez, K. (2007). Pharmacotherapeutics: Clinical Reasoning in Primary Care. W.B. Saunders Co.</ref> Thus, it may increase the efficiency of the cough reflex and facilitate removal of the secretions; however, objective evidence for this is limited and conflicting.
			==Side effects==
	===Treatment of coughing===
			Although generally well-tolerated, side effects of guaifenesin may include an ] (rare), ], ], ], or ].<ref name="drugs-se">{{cite web |title=Guaifenesin Side Effects |url=https://www.drugs.com/sfx/guaifenesin-side-effects.html |publisher=Drugs.com |access-date=30 July 2023 |date=3 July 2023}}</ref><ref name=nlm>{{cite web | title = Guaifenesin | url = https://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682494.html |publisher = MedlinePlus, United States National Library of Medicine|date=15 January 2022|accessdate=30 July 2023}}</ref>
	A ] meta-analysis of ] medicines for acute cough in children and adults found no evidence for the effectiveness of any examined drug other than guaifenesin; evidence for guaifenesin was ambiguous.<ref>{{cite journal
	| author = Smith SM, Schroeder K, Fahey T
	| title = Over-the-counter medications for acute cough in children and adults in ambulatory settings
	| journal = Cochrane Database Syst Rev
	| volume =
	| issue = 1
	| pages = CD001831
	| year = 2008
	| pmid = 18253996
	| doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001831.pub3
	| url =
	| editor1-last = Smith
	| editor1-first = Susan M
	}}</ref> Guaifenesin is sometimes combined with ], an ].
			==Pharmacology==
	===Treatment of asthma===
	Guaifenesin is claimed to be effective in the treatment of the thickened bronchial mucosa characteristic of ].{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}} It works by drawing water into the ]. The water both thins ] and lubricates the airway, facilitating the removal of mucus by ]ing.
	However, asthmatics should not use guaifenesin routinely.
	===Treatment of gout===		===Mechanism of action===
			Guaifenesin might act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the ] and ] via stimulation of the gastric mucosa. This stimulation leads to an increased parasympathetic activity in the respiratory tract via the so-called gastro-pulmonary reflex, although some in vitro studies suggested that it might also act directly on the respiratory epithelium.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Albrecht HH, Dicpinigaitis PV, Guenin EP | title = Role of guaifenesin in the management of chronic bronchitis and upper respiratory tract infections | journal = Multidisciplinary Respiratory Medicine | volume = 12 | issue = 1 | pages = 31 | date = 11 December 2017 | pmid = 29238574 | pmc = 5724298 | doi = 10.1186/s40248-017-0113-4 | doi-access = free }}</ref> This increase in volume and reduction in viscosity aids in the flow of respiratory tract secretions, allowing ciliary movement to carry the loosened secretions upward toward the ].<ref name="e824">{{cite book | vauthors = Gutierrez K | title=Pharmacotherapeutics: clinical reasoning in primary care | publisher=Saunders Elsevier | publication-place=St. Louis, Mo | date=2007 | isbn=978-1-4160-3287-8 | page=}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohar JA, Donohue JF, Spangenthal S | title = The Role of Guaifenesin in the Management of Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion Associated with Stable Chronic Bronchitis: A Comprehensive Review | language = en-US | journal = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–349 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31647856 | url = https://journal.copdfoundation.org/jcopdf/id/1248/The-Role-of-Guaifenesin-in-the-Management-of-Chronic-Mucus-Hypersecretion-Associated-with-Stable-Chronic-Bronchitis-A-Comprehensive-Review }}</ref> Thus, guaifenesin may increase the efficiency of the ] and facilitate the removal of the secretions. Additionally, guaifenesin has a demonstrated central antitussive effect.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Ohar JA, Donohue JF, Spangenthal S | title = The Role of Guaifenesin in the Management of Chronic Mucus Hypersecretion Associated with Stable Chronic Bronchitis: A Comprehensive Review | language = en-US | journal = Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases | volume = 6 | issue = 4 | pages = 341–349 | date = October 2019 | pmid = 31647856 | url = https://journal.copdfoundation.org/jcopdf/id/1248/The-Role-of-Guaifenesin-in-the-Management-of-Chronic-Mucus-Hypersecretion-Associated-with-Stable-Chronic-Bronchitis-A-Comprehensive-Review }}</ref>
	Guaifenesin is a ], increasing excretion of ] from the ] into the ].<ref name="Ramsdell+1974">{{cite journal
	| author = Ramsdell CM, Postlethwaite AE, Kelley WN
	| title = Uricosuric effect of glyceryl guaiacolate
	| journal = The Journal of rheumatology
	| volume = 1
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 114–6
	| year = 1974
	| month = March
	| pmid = 4617771
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> This fact was discovered by chance, during a survey of ] in hospital ].<ref name="RamsdellKelley1973">{{cite journal
	| author = Ramsdell CM, Kelley WN
	| title = The clinical significance of hypouricemia
	| journal = Annals of internal medicine
	| volume = 78
	| issue = 2
	| pages = 239–42
	| year = 1973
	| month = February
	| pmid = 4683752
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> Compared to other uricosuric drugs used to treat ], guaifenesin is relatively mild.{{Citation needed|date=October 2008}}
			==History==
	===Treatment of fibromyalgia===
			Similar medicines derived from the ] were used as a generic remedy by American indigenous peoples when explorers reached ] in the 16th century. The Spanish encountered guaiacum wood "when they conquered ]; it was soon brought back to Europe, where it acquired an immense reputation in the sixteenth century as a cure for syphilis and certain other diseases..."<ref name="Wallis1955">{{cite book | vauthors = Wallis TE |title=Textbook of Pharmacognosy|url=https://archive.org/details/textbookofpharma00wall |url-access=registration |year=1955}}</ref>
	Because of its ] effect, guaifenesin was chosen in the 1990s for the experimental ] &ndash; a treatment for ]. Proponents of the guaifenesin protocol believe that it treats fibromyalgia by removing excess phosphate from the body.
	However, a consumer alert on the Fibromyalgia Network's website <ref>http://www.fmnetnews.com/resources-alert-product6.php</ref> states that Dr. St. Amand's claims of guaifenesin's effects on fibromyalgia are groundless, and cites double-blind research by Robert Bennett, M.D., which found no significant differences between guaifenesin and a placebo in terms of any effect on fibromyalgia or its markers.
			The 1955 edition of the ''Textbook of ]'' states: "Guaiacum has a local stimulant action which is sometimes useful in sore throat. The resin is used in chronic gout and rheumatism, whilst the wood is an ingredient in the compound concentrated solution of ], which was formerly much used as an alternative in syphilis."<ref name="Wallis1955" />
	Guaifenesin has not been approved by the FDA for the treatment of fibromyalgia, and the protocol has not been shown to be effective in clinical trials as of 2008. It has been adopted by many due to anecdotal evidence of success.<ref> Zhang Z, Cherryholmes G, Mao A, Marek C, Longmate J, Kalos M, St. Amand RP, Shively JE. High Plasma Levels of MCP-1 and Eotaxin Provide Evidence for an Immunological Basis of Fibromyalgia. J. of Experimental Biology and Medicine; June 2008</ref>
			In the US, guaifenesin was first approved by the ] (FDA) in 1952. Although previously deemed "]" in its original approval, the drug received a ] for the extended-release version, which received approval on 12 July 2002.<ref>{{cite web | title=Drug Approval Package: Mucinex (Guaifenesin) NDA #21-282 | website=accessdata.fda.gov | date=25 November 2002 | url=https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/drugsatfda_docs/nda/2002/21-282_Mucinex.cfm | access-date=26 October 2022}}</ref> Because of this, the FDA then issued letters to other manufacturers of ''timed-release'' guaifenesin to stop marketing their unapproved versions, leaving Adams Respiratory Therapeutics in control of the market. In 2007, Adams was acquired by ].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.rb.com/site/RKBR/Templates/MediaInvestorsGeneral2.aspx?pageid=262&cc=GB |title=Announcements RB Press release - 10/12/2007 |access-date=16 November 2010 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110715161154/http://www.rb.com/site/RKBR/Templates/MediaInvestorsGeneral2.aspx?pageid=262&cc=GB |archive-date=15 July 2011 |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news | vauthors = Goldstein J |title=FDA Bumps Phlegm-Fighters From Market |url=https://blogs.wsj.com/health/2007/05/25/fda-bumps-phlegm-fighters-from-market/ |date=25 May 2007 |newspaper=The Wall Street Journal |access-date=16 November 2010}}</ref> The drug is now sold over-the-counter by many companies, alone and in combination.<ref>{{Cite web|title=Guaifenesin (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names |url=https://www.mayoclinic.org/drugs-supplements/guaifenesin-oral-route/description/drg-20068720|access-date=27 July 2021|website=Mayo Clinic }}</ref>
	===Use to facilitate conception===
	Guaifenesin is widely used by women to facilitiate ] by thinning and increasing the amount of ].<ref name="tcoyf">{{cite book | first=Toni | last=Weschler | year=2002 | title=Taking Charge of Your Fertility | edition=Revised | publisher=HarperCollins | location=New York | isbn=0-06-093764-5 | page=52 }}</ref> Evidence concerning the effectiveness of this use is almost entirely ]; the exception<ref name="pmid6896190">{{cite journal
	| author = Check JH, Adelson HG, Wu CH
	| title = Improvement of cervical factor with guaifenesin
	| journal = Fertil. Steril.
	| volume = 37
	| issue = 5
	| pages = 707–8
	| year = 1982
	| pmid = 6896190
	| doi =
	}}</ref> is a very small study without controls. One investigator<ref>{{cite journal
	| author = Check JH
	| title = Diagnosis and treatment of cervical mucus abnormalities
	| journal = Clin Exp Obstet Gynecol
	| volume = 33
	| issue = 3
	| pages = 140–2
	| year = 2006
	| pmid = 17089574
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> regards guaifenesin as the simplest but least effective method of improving cervical mucus.
			==Veterinary use==
	Following a medical article in Czech about guaifenesin in the treatment of ],<ref>{{cite journal
			Guaifenesin's neurological properties first became known in the late 1940s. Guaifenesin is a centrally acting ] used routinely in large-animal veterinary surgery. Guaifenesin is used in combination with, for example, ], since guaifenesin does not provide analgesia or produce unconsciousness.<ref>{{cite book |title=Lumb and Jones' Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia |date=2007 |publisher=Blackwell Publishing |veditors=Tranquilli WJ, Thurmon JC, Grimm KA |edition=2nd |chapter=Centrally Acting Muscle Relaxants}}</ref><ref name="horse">{{cite journal |vauthors=Valverde A |date=Apr 2013 |title=Balanced anesthesia and constant-rate infusions in horses |journal=Vet Clin North Am Equine Pract |volume=29 |issue=1 |pages=89–122 |doi=10.1016/j.cveq.2012.11.004 |pmid=23498047}}</ref> In horses, the drug's biological half-life is 77 minutes. Premedication with ] (1.1&nbsp;mg/kg) can reduce the dose required from 163&nbsp;mg/kg (in geldings) to just 88&nbsp;mg/kg.<ref name="horse" />
	| author = Kraus I, Horský A, Presl J, ''et al.''
	| title =
	| language = Czech
	| journal = Cesk Gynekol
	| volume = 46
	| issue = 8
	| pages = 601–5
	| year = 1981
	| month = September
	| pmid = 6118209
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> another very small but double-blind and placebo-controlled experiment<ref>{{cite journal
	| author = Marsden JS, Strickland CD, Clements TL
	| title = Guaifenesin as a treatment for primary dysmenorrhea
	| journal = J Am Board Fam Pract
	| volume = 17
	| issue = 4
	| pages = 240–6
	| year = 2004
	| pmid = 15243011
	| doi = 10.3122/jabfm.17.4.240
	| url = http://www.jabfm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=15243011
	}}</ref> found that guaifenesin reduced primary dysmenorrhea, but the effect was not significant.
			== Society and culture ==
	===Use by singers===
			=== Brand names ===
	Opera singers sometimes refer to guaifenesin as the "wonder drug" for its ability to promote secondary mucosal secretion in the respiratory system. Secondary mucus is the thinner, lubricating mucus that occurs on the vocal folds naturally when they are healthy and well hydrated. Singers use guaifenesin to improve the state of their vocal folds in extremes of humidity (very humid or very dry), after flying long distances, and during mild allergies.<ref>http://www.prohealth.com/library/showarticle.cfm?id=7244&t=CFIDS_FM</ref> <!-- (Better {{Citation needed|reason=the given citation is simply a popular article that itself provides no citation, and the wp claim is now the dominant search result on the web. There may have been an article in the New York Opera Newsletter (now Classical Singer) at one time, but I cannot find archives online|date=October 2009}} because the given citation is just a popular article that itself provides no citation for the claim.) -->
			Guaifenesin is ],<ref name=drugs/> and is supplied as a tablet, a capsule, an extended-release (long-acting) tablet, dissolving granules, and a syrup.<ref name=nlm/> It is available under many ]s, as either the sole ] or part of a ].<ref name=nlm/> Drugs combined with guaifenesin in over-the-counter preparations include the cough-suppressant ], ] such as ]/acetaminophen, and ] such as ], ], or ].<ref name=nlm/>
	===Other uses===		=== Economics ===
			In 2014, sales of guaifenesin were estimated to be approximately $135 million per year in the United States.<ref name="pmid24789023" />
	Guaifenesin also has other known physiological effects, including an ] effect that is related to its action as a ] ], and possible ]. {{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
	==Side effects==		==Research==
			===Guaifenesin in fibromyalgia===
	Consumption of guaifenesin in above-normal quantities has the potential to cause side effects. Known side effects include ], ]ing, and (rarely) the formation of ]s of uric acid (]).<ref>{{cite journal
			{{Main|Guaifenesin protocol}}
	| author = Bennett S, Hoffman N, Monga M
			In the 1990s, Paul St. Amand, M.D., suggested guaifenesin as part of a ] treatment protocol. The results of a one-year 1996 randomized clinical trial did not support the hypothesis. As of 2015, the FDA had not approved guaifenesin as a drug treatment for the disorder.<ref>{{cite web | url=https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK274463/table/introduction.t1/ | title=Table 1, FDA-approved drugs for the treatment of fibromyalgia | date=January 2015 }}</ref> However, results of a 2017 multicenter, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose, parallel study of 77 randomly assigned adults, suggested potential for OTC dose of oral guaifenesin 1200 mg BID to provide symptomatic relief of upper back musculoskeletal pain and spasm.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Collaku A, Yue Y, Reed K | title = Efficacy and safety of guaifenesin for upper back, neck, and shoulder pain: a Phase II proof-of-concept, multicenter, placebo-controlled, repeat-dose, parallel-group study | journal = Journal of Pain Research | volume = 10 | pages = 669–678 | date = 2017 | pmid = 28356767 | pmc = 5367561 | doi = 10.2147/JPR.S126296 | doi-access = free }}</ref>
	| title = Ephedrine- and guaifenesin-induced nephrolithiasis
	| journal = J Altern Complement Med
	| volume = 10
	| issue = 6
	| pages = 967–9
	| year = 2004
	| month = December
	| pmid = 15673990
	| doi = 10.1089/acm.2004.10.967
	}}</ref> Nausea and vomiting can be reduced by taking guaifenesin with meals.<ref name="Drugs.com"/> The risk of forming kidney stones can be reduced by maintaining good ] and increasing the ] of urine (see ]). Rarely, severe allergic reactions may occur, including a rash or swelling of the lips or face, which may require urgent medical assistance. Mild ] or ] may also occur when taking this medication. Drinking a glass of water is recommended each time one takes guaifenesin.<ref>Guaifenesin http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/druginfo/meds/a682494.html</ref> Water helps to reduce ], ], and the risk of ], and increases the effectiveness of the drug in hydrating mucus.
	==Veterinary use==
	Guaifenesin's neurological properties first became known in the late 1940s, and it is widely used in ] medicine to induce and maintain ] in ]<ref>{{cite journal
	| author = McGrath CJ
	| title = Anesthesia for cesarean section in large animals
	| journal = Mod Vet Pract
	| volume = 65
	| issue = 7
	| pages = 522–4
	| year = 1984
	| month = July
	| pmid = 6749119
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal
	| author = Lin HC, Wallace SS, Robbins RL, Harrison IW, Thurmon JC
	| title = A case report on the use of guaifenesin-ketamine-xylazine anesthesia for equine dystocia
	| journal = Cornell Vet
	| volume = 84
	| issue = 1
	| pages = 61–6
	| year = 1994
	| month = January
	| pmid = 8313710
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> and ]s.<ref>{{cite journal
	| author = Hopkins SM, Althouse GC, Jackson LL, Evans LE
	| title = Surgical treatment of uterine torsion in a llama (Lama glama)
	| journal = Cornell Vet
	| volume = 81
	| issue = 4
	| pages = 425–8
	| year = 1991
	| month = October
	| pmid = 1954745
	| doi =
	| url =
	}}</ref> In contrast to other ] drugs used for this purpose, guaifenesin has less ] (i.e., less destruction of red blood cells) and is more soluble in water.{{Citation needed|date=March 2008}}
	==See also==		==See also==
			*]
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	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
			* {{cite web | title=F.D.A. Study Worries Makers of Drugs | website=] | date=20 October 1981 | url=https://www.nytimes.com/1981/10/20/business/fda-study-worries-makers-of-drugs.html }}
	*
	* {{MedlinePlusDrugInfo|meds|a682494}}
	*
	*
	{{Antigout preparations}}		{{Antigout preparations}}
	{{Cough and cold preparations}}		{{Cough and cold preparations}}
			{{Portal bar | Medicine}}
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