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Revision as of 15:09, 1 May 2011 edit88.73.34.130 (talk) salt was used as colorant, see also de:Dipikrylamin← Previous edit Latest revision as of 13:08, 6 August 2024 edit undoInternetArchiveBot (talk | contribs)Bots, Pending changes reviewers5,385,026 edits Rescuing 1 sources and tagging 0 as dead.) #IABot (v2.0.9.5 
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{{Chembox {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 414583242
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ | ImageFileL1 =Hexanitrodiphenylamine.png
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 426898825
| ImageSizeL1 =120px
| ImageFileR1=Hexanitrodiphenylamine-3D-balls.png | ImageFile1 = Hexanitrodiphenylamine.svg
⚫ | ImageFile2 = Hexanitrodiphenylamine-3D-balls.png
| ImageSizeR1=120px
| IUPACName = 2,4,6-Trinitro-''N''-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)aniline | PIN = 2,4,6-Trinitro-''N''-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl)aniline
| OtherNames = HNDA; HNDPA; Dipicrylamine; Hexamine; hexil; hexyl; hexite; hexamin; GE - Hexa; IT - Esanitro difenilamina | OtherNames = bis(2,4,6-Trinitrophenyl)amine<br />HNDA<br />HNDPA<br />Dipicrylamine<br />Hexamine<br />Hexil<br />Hexyl<br />Hexite<br />Hexamin
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo = 131-73-7 | CASNo = 131-73-7
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 14STR4KG8T
| EINECS = 205-037-8
| PubChem = 8576 | PubChem = 8576
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 8258
| SMILES = C1=C(C=C(C(=C1(=O))NC2=C(C=C(C=C2(=O))(=O))(=O))(=O))(=O) | SMILES = C1=C(C=C(C(=C1(=O))NC2=C(C=C(C=C2(=O))(=O))(=O))(=O))(=O)
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C12H5N7O12/c20-14(21)5-1-7(16(24)25)11(8(2-5)17(26)27)13-12-9(18(28)29)3-6(15(22)23)4-10(12)19(30)31/h1-4,13H
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = CBCIHIVRDWLAME-UHFFFAOYSA-N
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| C=12|H=5|N=7|O=12 | C=12 | H=5 | N=7 | O=12
| Appearance = Crystalline solid. Yellow to orange. As ordinarily manufactured, it is yellow brown. | Appearance = Crystalline solid. Yellow to orange. As ordinarily manufactured, it is yellow brown.
| Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (pressed) | Density = 1.64 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (pressed)
| MeltingPt = 469° to 473° F (243° to 245° C) with decomposition. | MeltingPtF = 469 to 473
| MeltingPt_notes = with decomposition
| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Solubility = Soluble in acetone, warm glacial acetic acid, nitric acid, or aqueous alkalies except potassium hydroxide.}} | Solubility = Soluble in acetone, warm glacial acetic acid, nitric acid, or aqueous alkalies except potassium hydroxide.}}

⚫ | ExplosiveV = 7100 m/s
| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = | MainHazards =
| FlashPt = | FlashPt =
| Autoignition = }} | AutoignitionPt = }}
|Section4={{Chembox Explosive
⚫ | DetonationV = 7100 m/s
}}
}} }}


'''Hexanitrodiphenylamine''' (abbreviated HND), is an explosive chemical compound with the formula C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>7</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. HND was used extensively by the Japanese during ] but was discontinued due to its toxicity. '''Hexanitrodiphenylamine''' (abbreviated HND), is an explosive chemical compound with the formula C<sub>12</sub>H<sub>5</sub>N<sub>7</sub>O<sub>12</sub>. Since it is made from readily available raw materials, HND was used extensively by the ] and less extensively by Nazi Germany during ] but was discontinued due to its toxicity.


==Preparation== ==Preparation==
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==Applications== ==Applications==
HND is a booster-class explosive that was used in ] by the Germans as a component of ] (60% TNT - 40% HND) and by the Japanese as a component of Kongo (Type 98 H<sub>2</sub>) (60% Trinitroanisol - 40% HND) for use in bombs, sea mines and depth charges; Seigate (Type 97 H) (60% TNT - 40% HND) for use in torpedo warheads and depth charges; and also in Otsu-B (60% TNT, 24% HND & 16% aluminium powder) for use in torpedo warheads. HND is a booster-class explosive that was used in ] by the ] as a component of ] (60% TNT - 40% HND) and by the Japanese as a component of Kongo (Type 98 H<sub>2</sub>) (60% ] - 40% HND) for use in bombs, sea mines and depth charges; Seigate (Type 97 H) (60% TNT - 40% HND) for use in torpedo warheads and depth charges; and also in Otsu-B (60% TNT, 24% HND & 16% aluminium powder) for use in torpedo warheads.


Its ammonium salt, also known as '''Aurantia''' or '''Imperial Yellow''', was discovered in 1873 by ] and used as a yellow colorant for leather, wool and silk in the 19th and early 20th centuries<ref></ref>. Its ammonium salt, also known as '''Aurantia''' or '''Imperial Yellow''', was discovered in 1873 by ] and used as a yellow colorant for leather, wool and silk in the 19th and early 20th centuries.<ref></ref>


==Safety and toxicity== ==Safety and toxicity==
A most toxic and poisonous explosive, it attacks the skin, causing blisters which resemble burns. Dust from HND is injurious to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and lungs. A most toxic and poisonous explosive, it attacks the skin, causing blisters which resemble burns. Dust from HND is injurious to the mucous membranes of the mouth, nose, and lungs. Several ] explosives, including HND, have been found to be ].<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/11817|title=2,4,6-Trinitroanisole - Non-Human Toxicity Excerpts|last=PubChem|date=|website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov|language=en|archive-url=|archive-date=|access-date=2019-09-14}}</ref>

==Incidents==
On 12 May 2022, construction of the ] in Germany was halted, after traces of the explosive were found in the excavated material. The road passes over a former explosives factory near ]. The factory had been demolished after World War II, and it was not expected that traces of explosives had remained in the ground.<ref>{{Cite news|url=https://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/sprengstoff-stopp-an-a49-baustelle,a49-baustelle-sprengstoff-fund-hexyl-100.html|title="Hexyl" im Erdaushub: Sprengstoff-Stopp an A49-Baustelle|website=hessenschau.de|language=de|date=13 May 2022|access-date=13 May 2022|archive-date=13 May 2022|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20220513000015/https://www.hessenschau.de/panorama/sprengstoff-stopp-an-a49-baustelle%2Ca49-baustelle-sprengstoff-fund-hexyl-100.html|url-status=dead}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]


== References == ==References==
* {{cite book |title=TM 9-1985-4 Japanese Explosive Ordnance (Bombs, Bomb fuzes, Land mines, Grenades, Firing Devices and Sabotage Devices) |publisher= Departments of the Army and Air Force |year=1953 |month=March }} *{{cite book |title=TM 9-1985-4 Japanese Explosive Ordnance (Bombs, Bomb fuzes, Land mines, Grenades, Firing Devices and Sabotage Devices) |publisher= Departments of the Army and Air Force |date=March 1953 }}
* {{cite book |title=TM 9-1985-5 Japanese Explosive Ordnance (Army Ammunition, Navy Ammunition) |publisher= Departments of the Army and Air Force |year=1953 |month=March }} *{{cite book |title=TM 9-1985-5 Japanese Explosive Ordnance (Army Ammunition, Navy Ammunition) |publisher= Departments of the Army and Air Force |date=March 1953 }}
* {{cite report|title=Japanese Explosives (USNTMJ-200E-0551-0578 Report 0-25) |publisher= U.S. Naval Technical Mission to Japan |year=1945 |month=December }} *{{cite report|title=Japanese Explosives (USNTMJ-200E-0551-0578 Report 0-25) |publisher= U.S. Naval Technical Mission to Japan |date=December 1945 }}
<references/> <references />


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