| Revision as of 03:12, 16 September 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report errors or [[user talk:CheMoBo← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 23:02, 19 February 2024 edit undo95.193.174.168 (talk) Specified protium rather than an ambiguous hydrogen isotope in the isotope-specific formulaTags: Visual edit Mobile edit Mobile web edit |
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{{Unreferenced|date=December 2008}} |
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{{Chembox |
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{{Chembox |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 443862489 |
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| verifiedrevid = 450746907 |
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| ImageFile = Hydrogen deuteride.svg |
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| Name = |
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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| ImageFile = Hydrogen deuteride.svg |
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| ImageSize = 60 |
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| ImageName = Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride |
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| ImageFile1 = Hydrogen-deuteride-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFile_Ref = {{chemboximage|correct|??}} |
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| IUPACName = Hydrogen deuteride |
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| ImageName = Skeletal formula of hydrogen deuteride |
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| SystematicName = (<sup>2</sup>''H'')Dihydrogen{{Reference necessary|date = March 2011}} |
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| OtherNames = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| IUPACName = Hydrogen deuteride |
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| CASNo = 13983-20-5 |
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| SystematicName = (<sup>2</sup>H)Dihydrogen{{citation needed|date = March 2011}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| PubChem = 167583 |
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| CASNo = 13983-20-5 |
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| PubChem_Ref = {{Pubchemcite|correct|PubChem}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 146609 |
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| PubChem = 167583 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 146609 |
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| EINECS = 237-773-0 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| UNNumber = 1049 |
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| EINECS = 237-773-0 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 29237 |
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| UNNumber = 1049 |
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| SMILES = |
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| SMILES = |
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| StdInChI = 1S/H2/h1H/i1+1 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/H2/h1H/i1+1 |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| InChI = 1/H2/h1H/i1+1 |
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| InChI = 1/H2/h1H/i1+1 |
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| StdInChIKey = UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| InChIKey = UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYED |
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| InChIKey = UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-OUBTZVSYED |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = H |
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| Formula = HD |
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| MolarMass = 3.02204 g mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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| MolarMass = 3.02204 g mol<sup>−1</sup> |
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| MeltingPtC = -259 |
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| ExactMass = 3.021926810 g mol<sup>-1</sup> |
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| MeltingPtC = -259 |
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| BoilingPtC = -253 |
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| BoilingPtC = -253 |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS02}}{{GHS04}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| RPhrases = {{R12}} |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|220|280}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S16}}, {{S33}}, {{S36}}, {{S38}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|210|377|381|403|410+403}} |
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| NFPA-H = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 4 |
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| NFPA-H = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 4 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| Autoignition = 571 °C |
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| AutoignitionPtC = 571 |
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| AutoignitionPt_notes = |
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}} |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Related |
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| Section4 = {{Chembox Related |
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| Function = hydrogens |
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| OtherFunction_label = hydrogens |
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| OtherFunctn = ]<br /> |
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| OtherFunction = ]<br /> |
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]<br /> |
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]<br /> |
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] |
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] |
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| Section5 = |
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| Section6 = |
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'''Hydrogen deuteride''' is a diatomic ] composed of the two isotopes of ]: the majority isotope <sup>1</sup>H ] and <sup>2</sup>H ]. Its molecular formula is HD. |
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'''Hydrogen deuteride''' is an ] of ] composed of two isotopes of ]: the majority isotope <sup>1</sup>H (]) and <sup>2</sup>H (]). Its proper ] is <sup>1</sup>H<sup>2</sup>H, but for simplification, it is usually written as HD. |
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== Preparation and occurrence== |
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== Availability in nature == |
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In the laboratory it is produced by treating ] with ]:<ref>{{cite journal|title=Preparation and Spectroscopic Properties of the η<sup>2</sup>-Dihydrogen Complexes <sup>+</sup> (M = Iron, Ruthenium; R = Ph, Et) and Trends in Properties Down the Iron Group Triad|author1=Bautista, Maria T. |author2=Cappellani, E. Paul |author3=Drouin, Samantha D. |author4=Morris, Robert H. |author5=Schweitzer, Caroline T. |author6=Sella, Andrea |author7=Zubkowski, Jeffery |journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|year=1991|volume=113|issue=13|pages=4876–87|doi=10.1021/ja00013a025}}</ref> |
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Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. However, Hydrogen deuteride does not chemically behave exactly the same has H2—and can thus serve as an important marker. |
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:{{chem2|NaH + D2O → HD + NaOD}} |
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In particular Hydrogen deuteride is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all the ], with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm. HD has also been found in Supernova remnants, and other sources. |
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Hydrogen deuteride is a minor component of naturally occurring molecular hydrogen. It is one of the minor but noticeable components of the atmospheres of all the ]s, with abundances from about 30 ppm to about 200 ppm. HD has also been found in supernova remnants,<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1086/518857 | title = SpitzerSpectral Line Mapping of Supernova Remnants. I. Basic Data and Principal Component Analysis | year = 2007 | last1 = Neufeld | first1 = David A. | last2 = Hollenbach | first2 = David J. | last3 = Kaufman | first3 = Michael J. | last4 = Snell | first4 = Ronald L. | last5 = Melnick | first5 = Gary J. | last6 = Bergin | first6 = Edwin A. | last7 = Sonnentrucker | first7 = Paule | journal = The Astrophysical Journal | volume = 664 | issue = 2 | pages = 890–908|arxiv = 0704.2179 |bibcode = 2007ApJ...664..890N | s2cid = 15286019 }}</ref> and other sources.{{cn|date=May 2012}} |
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{| class="wikitable" |
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Gas Giants occourance (HD vs H2) |
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|+Occurrence of HD vs. {{chem2|H2}} in giant planets' atmospheres |
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* Jupiter : ~0.003% :: 89.8% ±2.0% |
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!Planet !! HD !! {{chem2|H2}} |
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* Uranus : ~0.007% :: 83.0% ±3.0% |
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* Neptune : ~0.019% :: 80.0% ±3.2% |
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| Jupiter || ~0.003% || 89.8% ±2.0%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/jupiterfact.html |title=Jupiter Fact Sheet |last=Williams |first=David R. |date=May 22, 2023 |website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive |access-date=July 31, 2023}}</ref> |
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| Uranus || ~0.015% || 82.5% ±3.3%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/uranusfact.html |title=Uranus Fact Sheet |last=Williams |first=David R. |date=May 22, 2023 |website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive |access-date=July 31, 2023}}</ref> |
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| Neptune || ~0.019% || 80.0% ±3.2%<ref>{{cite web |url=https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/planetary/factsheet/neptunefact.html |title=Neptune Fact Sheet |last=Williams |first=David R. |date=May 22, 2023 |website=NASA Space Science Data Coordinated Archive |access-date=July 31, 2023}}</ref> |
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] of a solution of HD (labeled with red bars) and {{chem2|H2}} (blue bar). The 1:1:1 triplet arises from the coupling of the <sup>1</sup>H nucleus (] = 1/2) to the <sup>2</sup>H nucleus ( I = 1).]] |
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== Radio emission spectra == |
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== Radio emission spectra == |
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HD and H<sub>2</sub> have very similar emission spectra, but the emission frequencies differ.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1103/PhysRev.112.1929 | journal = Phys. Rev. | title = Radio-Frequency Spectra of Hydrogen Deuteride in Strong Magnetic Fields | year = 1958 | last1 = Quinn | first1 = W. | last2 = Baker | first2 = J. | last3 = Latourrette | first3 = J. | last4 = Ramsey | first4 = N. | volume = 112 | issue = 6 | pages = 1929|bibcode = 1958PhRv..112.1929Q }}</ref> |
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HD and H2 do have very similar emission spectra, but don't emit on exactly the same frequencies . |
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The frequency of the astronomically important J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD at 2.7 THz has been measured with tunable FIR radiation with an accuracy of 150 kHz.<ref>{{cite journal | bibcode = 1988ApJ...330L.135E | title = Frequency measurement of the J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD | last1 = Evenson | first1 = K. M. | last2 = Jennings | first2 = D. A. | last3 = Brown | first3 = J. M. | last4 = Zink | first4 = L. R. | last5 = Leopold | first5 = K. R. | volume = 330 | year = 1988 | pages = L135 | journal = Astrophysical Journal | doi = 10.1086/185221}}</ref> |
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{{see also|rotational spectroscopy}} |
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The frequency of the astronomically important J = 1-0 rotational transition of HD at 2.7 THz has been measured with tunable FIR radiation with an accuracy of 150 kHz . |
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== References == |
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== References == |
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{{reflist}} |
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==Further reading== |
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{{Molecules detected in outer space}} |
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{{inorganic-compound-stub}} |
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