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Revision as of 04:37, 17 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,074 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 477308048 of page Indium(III)_chloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: '').		Latest revision as of 22:12, 9 August 2024 edit Keresluna (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users4,082 edits image
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	{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
	{{chembox		{{chembox
	| Watchedfields = changed		| Watchedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 424912320		| verifiedrevid = 477313325
	| Name = Indium(III) chloride		| Name = Indium(III) chloride
	| ImageFile = Aluminium-trichloride-crystal-3D-balls.png		| ImageFile = Indium(III) chloride.jpg
			| ImageCaption = Anhydrous
⚫	| ImageName = Indium(III) chloride
	| OtherNames = Indium chloride		| ImageFile1 = Indium(III) chloride tetrahydrate.jpg
			| ImageCaption1 = Tetrahydrate
⚫	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
			| ImageFile2 = Kristallstruktur Chrom(III)-chlorid.png
⚫	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
		⚫	| ImageName2 = Indium(III) chloride
			| OtherNames = Indium chloride<br />Indium trichloride
		⚫	|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
		⚫	| CASNo = 10025-82-8
		⚫	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
		⚫	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| ChemSpiderID = 23197		| ChemSpiderID = 23197
		⚫	| PubChem = 24812
⚫	| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫	| UNII = 58TD96H03I
⚫	| InChI = 1/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
	| SMILES = Cl(Cl)Cl		| SMILES = Cl(Cl)Cl
⚫	| InChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-DFZHHIFOAF
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChI = 1S/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3		| StdInChI = 1S/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
	| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K		| StdInChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K
		⚫	| InChI = 1/3ClH.In/h3*1H;/q;;;+3/p-3
⚫	| CASNo = 10025-82-8
		⚫	| InChIKey = PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-DFZHHIFOAF
⚫	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
		⚫	| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
⚫	| PubChem = 24812
		⚫	| UNII = 31JB8MKF8Z
			| EC_number = 233-043-0
			| RTECS = NL1400000
			| UNNumber = 3260
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = InCl<sub>3</sub>		| Formula = InCl<sub>3</sub>
	| MolarMass = 221.18 g/mol		| MolarMass = 221.18 g/mol
	| Appearance = white flakes		| Appearance = white flakes
	| Density = 3.46 g/cm<sup>3</sup>		| Density = 3.46 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
	| Solubility = soluble, exothermic		| Solubility = 195 g/100 mL, exothermic
	| Solvent = other solvents		| Solvent = other solvents
	| SolubleOther = ]		| SolubleOther = ], ]
	| MeltingPt = 586 °C		| MeltingPtC = 586
	| BoilingPt = 800 °C		| BoilingPtC = 800
	}}		}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
	| CrystalStruct = ], ]		| CrystalStruct = ], ]
	| SpaceGroup = C12/m1, No. 12		| SpaceGroup = C12/m1, No. 12
	}}		}}
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards		|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
			| ExternalSDS =
	| EUIndex = Not listed
			| GHSPictograms = {{GHS05}}{{GHS07}}<ref name=sds>{{cite web|title =Indium(III) Chloride|url=https://www.americanelements.com/indium-iii-chloride-10025-82-8|publisher = ]|access-date = May 15, 2019}}</ref>
⚫	| NFPA-H = 2
			| GHSSignalWord = Danger<ref name=sds />
⚫	| NFPA-R = 0
			| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302|314}}<ref name=sds />
⚫	| NFPA-F = 0
			| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|260|303+361+353|305+351+338|301+330+331|405|501}}<ref name=sds />
			| MainHazards = Corrosive
		⚫	| NFPA-H = 2
		⚫	| NFPA-R = 0
		⚫	| NFPA-F = 0
	}}		}}
	| Section8 = {{Chembox Related		|Section8={{Chembox Related
	| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>]
	| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]		| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
			'''Indium(III) chloride''' is the ] with the formula ]] which forms a tetrahydrate. This ] is a white, flaky solid with applications in ] as a ]. It is also the most available soluble derivative of indium.<ref>Araki, S.; Hirashita, T. "Indium trichloride" in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis (Ed: L. Paquette) 2004, J. Wiley & Sons, New York. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X}}.</ref> This is one of three known ]s.
			==Synthesis and structure==
			Being a relatively electropositive metal, ] reacts quickly with chlorine to give the trichloride. Indium trichloride is very soluble and deliquescent.<ref></ref> A synthesis has been reported using an electrochemical cell in a mixed ]-] solution.<ref>Habeeb, J. J.; Tuck, D. G. "Electrochemical Synthesis of Indium(III) Complexes" Inorganic Syntheses, 1979, volume XIX, {{ISBN|0-471-04542-X}}</ref>
			Like ] and ], InCl<sub>3</sub> crystallizes as a layered structure consisting of a close-packed chloride arrangement containing layers of ] In(III) centers,<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman">Egon Wiberg, Arnold Frederick Holleman (2001) ''Inorganic Chemistry'', Elsevier {{ISBN|0123526515}}</ref> a structure akin to that seen in ].<ref name = "Wells">Wells, A.F. Structural Inorganic Chemistry, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1984. {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}.</ref> In contrast, ] crystallizes as dimers containing Ga<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>.<ref name = "Wells"/> Molten InCl<sub>3</sub> conducts electricity,<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman"/> whereas AlCl<sub>3</sub> does not as it converts to the molecular dimer, Al<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>6</sub>.<ref name = "Greenwood&Earnshaw">{{Greenwood&Earnshaw}}</ref>
			<!--The solution structure of InCl<sub>3</sub>?, probably binds three waters-->
			==Reactions==
			InCl<sub>3</sub> is a Lewis acid and forms complexes with donor ]s, L, InCl<sub>3</sub>L, InCl<sub>3</sub>L<sub>2</sub>, InCl<sub>3</sub>L<sub>3</sub>. For example, with the chloride ion it forms tetrahedral InCl<sub>4</sub><sup>−</sup>, trigonal bipyramidal InCl<sub>5</sub><sup>2−</sup>, and octahedral InCl<sub>6</sub><sup>3−</sup>.<ref name="Wiberg&Holleman"/>
			In ] solution, InCl<sub>3</sub> reacts with ], LiH, to form <chem>LiInH4</chem>. This unstable compound decomposes below 0 °C,<ref name="downs">{{Cite book| title = Chemistry of aluminium, gallium, indium, and thallium| author = Anthony John Downs| publisher = Springer| year = 1993| isbn = 0-7514-0103-X}}</ref> and is reacted ''in situ'' in organic synthesis as a reducing agent<ref>Main Group Metals in Organic Synthesis vol 1, ed. Hisashi Yamamoto, Koichiro Oshima, Wiley VCH, 2004, {{ISBN|3527305084}}</ref> and to prepare tertiary amine and phosphine complexes of ].<ref>''The Group 13 Metals Aluminium, Gallium, Indium and Thallium: Chemical Patterns and Peculiarities'', Simon Aldridge, Anthony J. Downs, Wiley, 2011, {{ISBN|978-0-470-68191-6}}</ref>
			], InMe<sub>3</sub>, can be produced by reacting InCl<sub>3</sub> in ] solution either with the ] <chem>MeMgI</chem> or ], LiMe. ] can be prepared in a similar fashion but with the grignard reagent EtMgBr.<ref>''Main Group compounds'' in Inorganic Syntheses, vol 31, By Schultz, Neumayer, Marks; Ed., Alan H. Cowley, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 1997, {{ISBN|0471152889}}</ref>
			:<chem>{InCl3} + 3LiMe -> {Me3In.OEt2} + 3LiCl</chem>
			:<chem>{InCl3} + 3MeMgI -> {Me3In.OEt2} + 3MgClI</chem>
			:<chem>{InCl3} + 3EtMgBr -> {Et3In.OEt2} + 3MgBr2</chem>
			InCl<sub>3</sub> reacts with indium metal at high temperature to form the lower valent indium chlorides In<sub>5</sub>Cl<sub>9</sub>, In<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub> and InCl.<ref name = "Wiberg&Holleman"/>
			==Catalyst in chemistry==
			Indium chloride is a Lewis acid ] in ]s such as ]s and ]s. As an example of the latter,<ref>''An efficient synthesis of novel pyrano- and furopyranopyrimidines via Indium-Catalyzed Multicomponent Domino Reaction'' Prajapati, D. Mukut Gohain, M. ] '''2006''', 2:11 {{doi|10.1186/1860-5397-2-11}}</ref> the reaction proceeds at ], with 1 mole% catalyst loading in an ]-water solvent mixture. The first step is a ] between the barbituric acid and the aldehyde; the second step is a reverse electron-demand ], which is a ] of N,N'-dimethyl-], ] and ]. With the catalyst, the reported ] is 90% and the percentage ] is 70%. Without the catalyst added, the yield drops to 65% with 50% trans product.
			:]
			==References==
			{{reflist}}
			{{Indium compounds}}
			{{Chlorides}}
			]
			]
			]