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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| ImageFile = Iodine-monochloride-2D.png |
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| ImageFileL1 = Iodine-monochloride-2D.png |
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| ImageSize = 100px |
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| ImageNameL1 = I-Cl bond length = 232.07 pm |
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| ImageName = Iodine monochloride |
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| ImageFile1 = Iodine-monochloride-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageFileR1 = Iodine-monochloride-3D-vdW.png |
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| ImageNameR1 = Space-filling model |
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| ImageSize1 = 100px |
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| ImageName1 = Iodine monochloride |
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| ImageFile2 = Iodine monochloride1.jpg |
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| ImageSize2 = 150px |
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| ImageFile2 = Iodine monochloride1.jpg |
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| ImageName2 = A sample of Iodine monochloride reagent |
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| ImageSize2 = 200px |
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| ImageName2 = a sample of Iodine monochloride reagent |
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| PIN = Iodine monochloride<br /> |
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| PIN = Iodine monochloride<br /> |
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Iodine(I) chloride |
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Iodine(I) chloride |
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| SystematicName = Chloroiodane |
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| SystematicName = Chloroiodane |
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| OtherNames = Iodine chloride |
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| OtherNames = Iodine chloride |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| InChI1 = 1/ClI/c1-2 |
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| InChI1 = 1/ClI/c1-2 |
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| InChIKey1 = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYAO |
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| InChIKey1 = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYAO |
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| CASNo = 7790-99-0 |
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| CASNo = 7790-99-0 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| PubChem = 24640 |
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| UNII = 0SMG5NLU45 |
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| PubChem_Ref = {{pubchemcite|correct|??}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 23042 |
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| PubChem = 24640 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 23042 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| EINECS = 232-236-7 |
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| UNNumber = 1792 |
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| EINECS = 232-236-7 |
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| MeSHName = Iodine-monochloride |
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| UNNumber = 1792 |
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| MeSHName = Iodine-monochloride |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| SMILES = ClI |
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| SMILES = ClI |
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| InChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2 |
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| InChI = 1S/ClI/c1-2 |
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| InChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N}} |
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| InChIKey = QZRGKCOWNLSUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = ICl |
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| Formula = ICl |
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| MolarMass = 162.35 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 162.35 g/mol |
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| Appearance = red to brown liquid or solid |
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| Appearance = reddish-brown |
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| Density = 3.10 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 3.10 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solubility = ] |
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| Solubility = ] |
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| SolubleOther = soluble in ]<br /> ]<br /> ] <br/> ], ], ] |
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| Solvent = other solvents |
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| MeltingPtC = 27.2 |
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| SolubleOther = ]<br /> ]<br /> ] |
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| MeltingPt = 27°C (α-form) |
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| MeltingPt_notes = (α-form)<br/>13.9 °C (β-form) |
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| BoilingPt = 97.4°C (370.6 K) |
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| BoilingPtC = 97.4 |
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| BoilingPt_notes = |
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| MagSus = {{val|-54.6e-6|u=cm<sup>3</sup>/mol}} |
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}} |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = <!-- e.g. ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and mention "close packed" or similar. You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. ] --> |
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| CrystalStruct = <!-- e.g. ], ], ], ], ], ], ], and mention "close packed" or similar. You may also cite what class it belongs to, e.g. ] --> |
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| Dipole = |
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| Dipole = |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = https://chemicalsafety.com/sds1/sdsviewer.php?id=30683304 |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| MainHazards = Corrosive, reacts with water to release ] |
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| MainHazards = corrosive |
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}} |
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| RPhrases = |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| SPhrases = |
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| OtherFunction_label = interhalogen compounds |
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}} |
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| OtherFunction = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| Function = interhalogen compounds |
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| OtherFunctn = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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}} |
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| verifiedrevid = 443875607 |
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| verifiedrevid = 446438380 |
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'''Iodine monochloride''' is an ] with the formula ICl. It is a red-brown compound that melts near room temperature. Because of the difference in the ] of ] and ], ICl is highly ] and behaves as a source of I<sup>+</sup>. |
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'''Iodine monochloride''' is an ] with the ] {{Serif|ICl}}. It is a red-brown ] that ] near ]. Because of the difference in the ] of ] and ], this molecule is highly ] and behaves as a source of I<sup>+</sup>. Discovered in 1814 by ], iodine monochloride is the first interhalogen compound discovered.<ref>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd|page=790}}</ref> |
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== Preparation == |
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Preparation of iodine monochloride entails simply combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation |
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Iodine monochloride is produced simply by combining the halogens in a 1:1 molar ratio, according to the equation |
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:I<sub>2</sub> + Cl<sub>2</sub> → 2 ICl |
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:{{chem2|I2 + Cl2 -> 2 ICl}} |
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When chlorine gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into ] in a reversible reaction: |
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:ICl + Cl<sub>2</sub> {{eqm}} ICl<sub>3</sub> |
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When ] gas is passed through iodine crystals, one observes the brown vapor of iodine monochloride. Dark brown iodine monochloride liquid is collected. Excess chlorine converts iodine monochloride into ] in a reversible reaction: |
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:{{chem2|ICl + Cl2 <-> ICl3}} |
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==Polymorphs== |
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==Polymorphs== |
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ICl has two ]; α-ICl which exists as black needles (red by transmitted light) with a ] of 27.2 °C, and β-ICl which exists as black platelets (red-brown by transmitted light) with a melting point 13.9 °C.<ref name=Bris>Brisbois, R. G.; Wanke, R. A.; Stubbs, K. A.; Stick, R. V. “Iodine Monochloride” Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2004 John Wiley & Sons. DOI: 10.1002/047084289X.ri014</ref> |
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{{Serif|ICl}} has two ]; α-ICl, which exists as black needles (red by transmitted light) with a ] of 27.2 °C, and β-ICl, which exists as black platelets (red-brown by transmitted light) with a melting point 13.9 °C.<ref name=Bris>Brisbois, R. G.; Wanke, R. A.; Stubbs, K. A.; Stick, R. V. "Iodine Monochloride" Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis, 2004 John Wiley & Sons. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X.ri014}}</ref> |
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In the crystal structures of both polymorphs the molecules are arranged in zigzag chains. β-ICl is monoclinic with the ] P2<sub>1</sub>/c.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Carpenter|first=G. B.|author2=Richards, S. M.|title=The crystal structure of β-iodine monochloride|journal=Acta Crystallographica|date=1 April 1962|volume=15|issue=4|pages=360–364|doi=10.1107/S0365110X62000882|doi-access=free}}</ref> |
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==Uses== |
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ICl is a useful reagent in ].<ref name=Bris/> It is used as a source of ] iodine in the synthesis of certain ] iodides.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Wallingford, V. H.; Krüger, P. A. | title = 5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid | collvol = 2 | collvolpages = 349 | year = 1943 | prep = cv2p0349}}</ref> It also cleaves C-Si bonds. |
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==Reactions and uses== |
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Iodine monochloride is soluble in acids such as ] and ] but reacts with pure water to form HCl, iodine, and ]: |
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:{{chem2|ICl + H2O -> HCl + HI}} + {{frac|1|2}}O<sub>2</sub> |
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:{{chem2|2 ICl + H2O -> 2 HCl + I2}} + {{frac|1|2}}O<sub>2</sub> |
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:{{chem2|5 ICl + 3 H2O -> 5 HCl + HIO3 + 2 I2}} |
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ICl is a useful ] in ].<ref name=Bris/> It is used as a source of ] iodine in the synthesis of certain ] iodides.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Wallingford, V. H. | author2 = Krüger, P. A. | title = 5-Iodo-anthranilic Acid | collvol = 2 | collvolpages = 349 | year = 1943 | prep = cv2p0349}}</ref> It also cleaves C–Si bonds. |
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ICl will also add to the ] in ]s to give chloro-iodo ]s. |
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ICl will also add to the ] in ]s to give chloro-iodo ]s. |
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:RCH=CHR’ + ICl → RCH(I)-CH(Cl)R’ |
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:RCH=CHR′ + ICl → RCH(I)–CH(Cl)R′ |
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When such reactions are conducted in the presence of ], the iodo-azide RCH(I)-CH(N<sub>3</sub>)R’ is obtained.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Padwa, A.; Blacklock, T.; Tremper, A. | title = 3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde | collvol = 6 | collvolpages = 893 | prep = cv6p0893}}</ref> |
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When such reactions are conducted in the presence of ], the iodo-azide RCH(I)–CH(N<sub>3</sub>)R′ is obtained.<ref>{{OrgSynth | author = Padwa, A. | author2 = Blacklock, T. | author3 = Tremper, A. | title = 3-Phenyl-2H-Azirine-2-carboxaldehyde | collvol = 6 | collvolpages = 893 | prep = cv6p0893}}</ref> |
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Wijs solution, which is iodine monochloride dissolved in acetic acid, is used to determine the ] of a substance. |
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The Wijs solution, iodine monochloride dissolved in acetic acid, is used to determine the ] of a substance. |
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It can also be used to prepare iodates, by reaction with a chlorate. Chlorine is released as a byproduct. |
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Iodine monochloride is a ] that forms 1:1 ] with Lewis bases such as ] and ]. |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{Reflist|30em}} |
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{{Iodine compounds}} |
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{{Iodine compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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