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Revision as of 18:18, 6 August 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'StdInChI_Ref', 'StdInChIKey_Ref') per [[Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation|Chem/Drugbox valid		Latest revision as of 07:00, 25 November 2024 edit Headbomb (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Page movers, File movers, New page reviewers, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers, Template editors454,429 edits ce
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	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Watchedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 443380627
			| verifiedrevid = 443382196
	| Name = Aluminium fluoride
	| ImageFile = Aluminium-trifluoride-3D-polyhedra.png		| Name = Lanthanum trifluoride
			| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Lanthanfluorid.png
	| ImageFile2 =FeF3structure.jpg
			| ImageFile2 =
	| ImageName = Aluminium trifluoride crystal structure
			| ImageCaption = Crystal structure
	| OtherNames = Aluminium(III) fluoride<br />Aluminum trifluoride
			| OtherNames = Lanthanum(III) fluoride
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
			|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
	| InChI = 1/Al.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
			| InChI = 1/La.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
	| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}		| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
	| ChEBI = 49464		| ChEBI =
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChI = 1S/Al.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3		| StdInChI = 1S/La.3FH/h;3*1H/q+3;;;/p-3
	| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}		| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChIKey = KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-UHFFFAOYSA-K		| StdInChIKey = BYMUNNMMXKDFEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K
	| SMILES = F(F)F		| SMILES = F(F)F
	| InChIKey = KLZUFWVZNOTSEM-DFZHHIFOAC		| InChIKey =
	| CASNo = 7784-18-1		| CASNo = 13709-38-1
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}		| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
	| CASNo1 = 32287-65-3		| PubChem = 83675
			| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| CASNo1_Comment = (monohydrate)
			| ChemSpiderID =75498
	| CASNo2 = 15098-87-0
			| EC_number = 237-252-8
	| CASNo2_Comment = (trihydrate)
	| PubChem = 2124		| RTECS =
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| ChemSpiderID =2039
	| RTECS = BD0725000
	}}		}}
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties		|Section2={{Chembox Properties
	| Formula = AlF<sub>3</sub>		| Formula = LaF<sub>3</sub>
	| MolarMass = 83.9767 g/mol (anhydrous) <br> 101.022 g/mol (monohydrate) <br> 138.023 (trihydrate)		| MolarMass = 195.900 g/mol<ref name=b92>{{RubberBible92nd|page=4.69}}</ref>
	| Appearance = white, crystalline solid<br />odorless		| Appearance = white, crystalline solid
	| Density = 2.88 g/cm<sup></sup> (anhydrous) <br> 2.1 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (monohydrate) <br> 1.914 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (trihydrate)		| Density = 5.9 g/cm<sup>3</sup><ref name=b92/>
			| Solubility =
	| Solubility = 0.56 g/100 mL (0 °C) <br> 0.67 g/100 mL (20 °C) <br> 1.72 g/100 mL (100 °C)
			| MeltingPtC = 1493
	| MeltingPt = 1291 °C (anhydrous)
			| MeltingPt_notes =
			| MeltingPt_ref =<ref name=b92/>
			| RefractIndex = 1.606
			| MagSus =
	}}		}}
	| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure		|Section3={{Chembox Structure
	| CrystalStruct = ], ]		| CrystalStruct = ], ]
			| SpaceGroup = P{{overline|3}}c1, No. 165<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1107/S0108768185001689|title=Refinement of the trigonal crystal structure of lanthanum trifluoride with neutron diffraction data|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B|volume=41|issue=2|pages=91|year=1985|last1=Zalkin|first1=A.|last2=Templeton|first2=D. H.|bibcode=1985AcCrB..41...91Z |url=http://journals.iucr.org/b/issues/1985/02/00/a24381/a24381.pdf}}</ref>
	| SpaceGroup = R-3c, No. 167
			| LattConst_a = 0.7185 nm
			| LattConst_c = 0.7351 nm
			| UnitCellFormulas = 6
			| UnitCellVolume =0.32865
	}}		}}
			|Section4={{Chembox Hazards
			| ExternalSDS = <ref name=TFS_SDS>{{cite web |url= https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC199170250&productDescription=LANTHANUM(III)-FLUORIDE%252C+25GR&catNo=AC19917-0250&vendorId=VN00032119&storeId=10652 |title= Safety Data Sheet: Lanthanum(III) fluoride |work= ] |date= 19 January 2018 |access-date= 17 August 2018 |archive-date= 17 August 2018 |archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180817161248/https://www.fishersci.com/shop/msdsproxy?productName=AC199170250&productDescription=LANTHANUM(III)-FLUORIDE%252C+25GR&catNo=AC19917-0250&vendorId=VN00032119&storeId=10652 |url-status= dead }}</ref>
	| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
			| GHSPictograms =
	| EUClass = No classification according to EU Regulation (EC) No. 1272/2008.
			| NFPA_ref = <ref name=TFS_SDS/> pg 3
	| NFPA-H = 0
	| NFPA-F = 0		| NFPA-H = 2
	| NFPA-R = 0		| NFPA-F = 0
	| RPhrases = -		| NFPA-R = 0}}
			| Section9 = {{Chembox Related
	| SPhrases = -
			| OtherAnions = ] <br> ] <br> ]
			| OtherCations = ]
			| OtherFunction =
			| OtherFunction_label =
			| OtherCompounds =
	}}		}}
	}}		}}
			'''Lanthanum trifluoride''' is a refractory ionic compound of ] and ].<ref name="Cotton">{{cite book|author=Cotton, Simon |title=Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=SvAbtU6XvzgC&pg=PA26|date=30 January 2007|publisher=Wiley|isbn=978-0-470-01007-5|pages=25–27}}</ref> The chemical formula is {{chem|La|F|3}}.
	'''Aluminium fluoride''' ({{Aluminium}}{{Fluorine|3}}) is an ] used primarily in the production of ]. This colourless solid can be prepared synthetically but also occurs in nature.
			==The LaF<sub>3</sub> structure==
	==Production and occurrence==
			]
	The majority of aluminium fluoride is mainly produced by treating ] with ]:
	:H<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub> + Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> &rarr; 2 AlF<sub>3</sub> + SiO<sub>2</sub> + H<sub>2</sub>O
	Alternatively, it is manufactured by thermal decomposition of ammonium hexafluoroaluminate.<ref name=Ullmann>J. Aigueperse, P. Mollard, D. Devilliers, M. Chemla, R. Faron, R. Romano, J. P. Cuer, “Fluorine Compounds, Inorganic” in Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, 2005.{{DOI|10.1002/14356007.a11_307}}</ref> For small scale laboratory preparations, AlF<sub>3</sub> can also be prepared by treating ] or aluminium metal with ].
			Bonding is ionic with lanthanum highly coordinated. The cation sits at the center of a ]. Nine fluorine atoms are close: three at the bottom corners of the trigonal prism, three in the faces of the trigonal prism, and three at top corners of the trigonal prism. There are also two fluorides a little further away above and below the prism. The cation can be considered 9-coordinate or 11-coordinate.<ref name=Cotton /> At 300&nbsp;K, the structure allows the formation of ]s with an ] of 0.07&nbsp;eV, and free flow of fluoride ions with an activation energy of 0.45&nbsp;eV, making the crystal unusually ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Frant |first1=Martin S. |last2=Ross |first2=James W. |title=Electrode for Sensing Fluoride Ion Activity in Solution |journal=Science |date=23 December 1966 |volume=154 |issue=3756 |pages=1553–1555 |doi=10.1126/science.154.3756.1553 |jstor=1720460 |pmid=5924922 |bibcode=1966Sci...154.1553F |s2cid=11042445 |url=https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/1720460.pdf}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |last1=Sher |first1=A. |last2=Solomon |first2=R. |last3=Lee |first3=K. |last4=Muller |first4=M. W. |title=Transport Properties of La F 3 |journal=Physical Review |date=15 April 1966 |volume=144 |issue=2 |pages=593–604 |doi=10.1103/PhysRev.144.593|bibcode=1966PhRv..144..593S }}</ref>
	Aluminium fluoride trihydrate is found in nature as the rare mineral rosenbergite.
			The larger sized rare earth elements (]s), which are those with smaller atomic number, also form trifluorides with the LaF<sub>3</sub> structure.<ref name=Cotton /> Some ]s do as well.
	==Structure==
	Its ] adopts the ] motif, featuring distorted AlF<sub>6</sub> ]. Each fluoride is connected to two Al centers. Because of it is a 3-dimensional polymer, AlF<sub>3</sub> has a higher ]. In contrast, the other trihalides of aluminium, ], ], and ], which are either molecular or 1-dimensional polymers, have low melting points and evaporate readily to give dimers.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. ISBN 0-12-352651-5.</ref> In the gas phase, at ca. 1000 °C, aluminium fluoride exists as trigonal molecules of ''D<sub>3h</sub>'' ]. The Al-F bond lengths of this gaseous molecule are 163 ].
	<center>] ]</center>
	==Applications==		==Applications==
			This white salt{{anchor|la_fl_coating_anchor}} is sometimes used as the "high-index" component in multilayer optical elements such as ] ] and narrowband mirrors. Fluorides are among the most commonly used compounds for UV optical coatings due to their relative inertness and transparency in the far ultraviolet (FUV) {{nowrap|(100 nm < {{mvar|λ}} < 200 nm).}} Multilayer reflectors and antireflection coatings are typically composed of pairs of transparent materials, one with a low ], the other with a high index. LaF{{sub|3}} is one of very few high-index materials in the far UV.<ref name="96270BSPIE">{{cite book |last1=Rodríguez-de Marcos |first1=Luis |chapter=Multilayers and optical constants of various fluorides in the far UV |editor3-first=Detlev |editor3-last=Ristau |editor2-first=H. Angus |editor2-last=MacLeod |editor1-first=Michel |editor1-last=Lequime |date=23 September 2015 |title=Optical Systems Design 2015: Advances in Optical Thin Films V |series=Proceedings of SPIE |volume=9627 |pages=96270B |doi=10.1117/12.2191309 |bibcode=2015SPIE.9627E..0BR |chapter-url=http://spie.org/Publications/Proceedings/Paper/10.1117/12.2191309 |access-date=27 February 2019 |hdl=10261/134764 |s2cid=138737136 |hdl-access=free}}</ref> The material is also a component of multimetal fluoride glasses such as ].<ref name=rutg>{{cite web |author=Harrington, James A. |title=Infrared Fiber Optics |publisher=] |url=http://irfibers.rutgers.edu/pdf_files/ir_fiber_review.pdf |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080509143453/http://irfibers.rutgers.edu/pdf_files/ir_fiber_review.pdf |archive-date=2008-05-09}}</ref> It is also doped with ] in ]s.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Light |first1=Truman S. |last2=Cappuccino |first2=Carleton C. |title=Determination of fluoride in toothpaste using an ion-selective electrode |journal=Journal of Chemical Education |date=April 1975 |volume=52 |issue=4 |pages=247–250 |doi=10.1021/ed052p247|pmid=1133123 |bibcode=1975JChEd..52..247L }}</ref>
	Aluminium fluoride is an important additive for the production of aluminium by electrolysis. Together with ] lowers the melting point to below 1000 °C and increases the conductivity of the ]. It is into this molten salt that aluminium oxide is dissolved and then electrolyzed to give bulk Al metal.<ref name=Ullmann/>
	===Niche uses===		==Natural occurrence==
			LaF<sub>3</sub> occurs in the nature as the extremely rare mineral ].<ref name=Mindat>{{Cite web|url=https://www.mindat.org/min-1568.html|title=Fluocerite-(La)}}</ref><ref name=IMA>{{Cite web|url=https://www.ima-mineralogy.org/Minlist.htm|title=List of Minerals|date=21 March 2011}}</ref> The suffix in the name is known as the ] and, by showing the dominant element at a particular site in the structure, is used to differentiate from similar minerals (here: fluocerite-(Ce)).<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Burke |first1=Ernst A.J.|date=2008 |title=Tidying up mineral names: an IMA-CNMNC scheme for suffixes, hyphens and diacrital marks|journal=Mineralogical Record |volume=39 |issue=2 |pages=131–135 |access-date=14 November 2020 | url=http://www.mineralogicalrecord.com}}</ref>
	Together with ], aluminium fluoride is an ingredient for the production of ]es.
	It is also used to inhibit ].
	It is a sputtering target for preparation of low index films.
	==References==		==References==
			{{Commons category|Lanthanum(III) fluoride}}
	<references />
			{{reflist}}
			{{Use dmy dates|date=March 2018}}
			{{Lanthanum compounds}}
	==External links==
			{{fluorides}}
	*
			{{Lanthanide halides}}
	{{Aluminium compounds}}		]
	]
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