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Revision as of 16:08, 9 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 468768288 of page Lithium_hexafluorophosphate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: '').  Latest revision as of 14:33, 13 December 2024 edit LaffyTaffer (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,076 editsm Reverted 3 edits by 66.211.208.114 (talk) to last revision by LittleWholeTags: Twinkle Undo 
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{chembox {{chembox
|Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 429936036
|Watchedfields = changed
⚫ |ImageFile=lithium hexafluorophosphate.png
⚫ |verifiedrevid = 470454337
⚫ |ImageSize=180px
|IUPACName=lithium hexafluorophosphate |ImageFile =lithium hexafluorophosphate.png
⚫ |ImageSize =180px
|OtherNames=
⚫ |IUPACName =lithium hexafluorophosphate
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 146939 |ChemSpiderID = 146939
|ChEBI = 172376
| InChI = 1/F6P.Li/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/q-1;+1 |InChI = 1/F6P.Li/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/q-1;+1
| InChIKey = AXPLOJNSKRXQPA-UHFFFAOYAJ |InChIKey = AXPLOJNSKRXQPA-UHFFFAOYAJ
| SMILES = .F(F)(F)(F)(F)F |SMILES = .F(F)(F)(F)(F)F
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/F6P.Li/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/q-1;+1 |StdInChI = 1S/F6P.Li/c1-7(2,3,4,5)6;/q-1;+1
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = AXPLOJNSKRXQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N |StdInChIKey = AXPLOJNSKRXQPA-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| CASNo=21324-40-3 |CASNo =21324-40-3
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
⚫ | PubChem = 167978
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = T9T8DY51J3
⚫ |PubChem = 23688915
}} }}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = LiPF<sub>6</sub> |Formula = LiPF<sub>6</sub>
| MolarMass = 151.905 g/mol |MolarMass = 151.905 g/mol
| Appearance = white powder |Appearance = white powder
| Density = 1.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |Density = 2.84 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 200 °C |MeltingPtC = 200
⚫ | Solubility = soluble
| BoilingPt =
⚫ }}
⚫ | Solubility = soluble
⚫ }}
|Section3={{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS corrosion}} |GHSPictograms = {{GHS corrosion}}
| GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER''' |GHSSignalWord = '''DANGER'''
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}} |HPhrases = {{H-phrases|314}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|280|310|305+351+338}} |PPhrases = {{P-phrases|280|310|305+351+338}}
⚫ |ExternalSDS =
| EUIndex = Not listed
⚫ |FlashPt = Non-flammable
⚫ | ExternalMSDS =
⚫ }}
| RPhrases = {{R22}}, {{R24}}, {{R34}}
⚫ |Section4={{Chembox Related
| SPhrases = {{R26}}, {{R36}}, {{R37}}, {{R39}}, {{R45}}
⚫ | OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]
⚫ | FlashPt = Non-flammable
⚫ | OtherAnions = ]
⚫ }}
⚫ }}
⚫ |Section4 = {{Chembox Other
⚫ | OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]
⚫ | OtherAnions = ]
⚫ }}
}} }}

'''Lithium hexafluorophosphate''' is an ] with the formula ]]. It is a white crystalline powder.

==Production==
LiPF<sub>6</sub> is manufactured by reacting ] with ] and ]<ref>{{cite web |last1=Dunn |first1=JB |last2=Gaines |first2=L |last3=Barnes |first3=M |last4=Sullivan |first4=J |last5=Wang M |title=Material and Energy Flows in the Materials Production, Assembly, and End-of-Life Stages of the Automotive Lithium-Ion Battery Life Cycle |url=https://greet.es.anl.gov/files/li-ion |access-date=5 December 2020 |page=28 |date=Sep 2014}}</ref> <ref>{{cite web |last1=O'Leary |first1=Brian |title=High-Volume Manufacturing of LiPF6, A Critical Lithium-ion Battery Material |url=https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2014/03/f11/arravt014_es_oleary_2011_p.pdf |access-date=5 December 2020 |page=5 |date=11 May 2011}}</ref>

:PCl<sub>5</sub> + LiF + 5 HF → LiPF<sub>6</sub> + 5 HCl

Suppliers include ] and Morita Chemical Industries Co., Ltd.

==Chemistry==

The salt is relatively stable thermally, but loses 50% weight at 200&nbsp;°C (392&nbsp;°F). It hydrolyzes near 70&nbsp;°C (158&nbsp;°F)<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Xu|first1=Kang|title=Nonaqueous Liquid Electrolytes for Lithium-Based Rechargeable Batteries|journal=Chemical Reviews|date=October 2004|volume=104|issue=10|pages=4303–4418|doi=10.1021/cr030203g|pmid=15669157|s2cid=33074301}}</ref> according to the following equation forming highly toxic HF gas:
:LiPF<sub>6</sub> + 4 H<sub>2</sub>O → LiF + 5 HF + H<sub>3</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>

Owing to the ]ity of the Li<sup>+</sup> ions, LiPF<sub>6</sub> also ] the ]ylation of ]s.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1055/s-2004-829550 | title = Lithium Hexafluorophosphate-Catalyzed Efficient Tetrahydropyranylation of Tertiary Alcohols under Mild Reaction Conditions | year = 2004 |author1=Nao Hamada|author2=Sato Tsuneo | journal = Synlett | pages = 1802–1804 | issue = 10}}</ref>

In ], LiPF<sub>6</sub> reacts with Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, which may be catalysed by small amounts of HF:<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Bi|first1=Yujing|last2=Wang|first2=Tao|last3=Liu|first3=Meng|last4=Du|first4=Rui|last5=Yang|first5=Wenchao|last6=Liu|first6=Zixuan|last7=Peng|first7=Zhe|last8=Liu|first8=Yang|last9=Wang|first9=Deyu|last10=Sun|first10=Xueliang|title=Stability of Li2CO3 in cathode of lithium ion battery and its influence on electrochemical performance|journal=RSC Advances|volume=6|issue=23|year=2016|pages=19233–19237|issn=2046-2069|doi=10.1039/C6RA00648E|bibcode=2016RSCAd...619233B}}</ref>

:LiPF<sub>6</sub> + Li<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> → POF<sub>3</sub> + CO<sub>2</sub> + 3 LiF

==Application==
The main use of LiPF<sub>6</sub> is in commercial secondary batteries, an application that exploits its high solubility in ]. Specifically, solutions of lithium hexafluorophosphate in carbonate blends of ], ], ] and/or ethyl methyl carbonate, with a small amount of one or many additives such as fluoroethylene carbonate and ], serve as state-of-the-art ] in ].<ref>{{cite journal|last1=Goodenough|first1=John B.|last2=Kim|first2=Youngsik|title=Challenges for Rechargeable Li Batteries|journal=Chemistry of Materials|date=9 February 2010|volume=22|issue=3|pages=587–603|doi=10.1021/cm901452z}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last1=Qian|first1=Yunxian|last2=Hu|first2=Shiguang|last3=Zou|first3=Xianshuai|last4=Deng|first4=Zhaohui|last5=Xu|first5=Yuqun|last6=Cao|first6=Zongze|last7=Kang|first7=Yuanyuan|last8=Deng|first8=Yuanfu|last9=Shi|first9=Qiao|last10=Xu|first10=Kang|last11=Deng|first11=Yonghong|title=How electrolyte additives work in Li-ion batteries|journal=Energy Storage Materials|volume=20|year=2019|pages=208–215|issn=2405-8297|doi=10.1016/j.ensm.2018.11.015|s2cid=139865927}}</ref><ref>{{cite book |last1=Jow |first1=T. Richard |last2=Borodin |first2=Oleg |last3=Ue |first3=Makoto |last4=Xu |first4=Kang |title=Electrolytes for Lithium and Lithium-Ion Batteries |date=2014 |publisher=Springer: New York |isbn=9781493903023}}</ref> This application takes advantage of the inertness of the hexafluorophosphate anion toward strong reducing agents, such as lithium metal, as well as of the ability of to passivate the positive ] current collector.<ref>Corrosion inhibition of aluminum current collector with molybdate conversion coating in commercial LiPF6-esters electrolytes. 2021. Corrosion Sci. 190/11. S.L. Yang, S.M. Li, Y.B. Meng, M. Yu, J.H. Liu, B. Li. doi: 10.1016/j.corsci.2021.109632.</ref>

==References==
<references/>

{{Lithium compounds}}
{{Hexafluorophosphates}}

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