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Revision as of 10:28, 24 November 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 462237049 of page Methyl_violet for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChemSpiderID').		Latest revision as of 12:47, 23 November 2024 edit Entranced98 (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers, Rollbackers172,984 edits Adding local short description: "Group of chemical compounds used as dye", overriding Wikidata description "dye"Tag: Shortdesc helper
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			{{Short description|Group of chemical compounds used as dye}}
	{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
			'''Methyl violet''' is a family of ]s that are mainly used as ]s. Depending on the number of attached ] groups, the color of the dye can be altered. Its main use is as a purple dye for ] and to give deep violet colors in paint and ink. It is also used as a hydration indicator for ]. ] is also known as ] (and many other names) and has medical uses.<ref name="pyoctanin_Gorgas" />
	{{chembox
	| Verifiedfields = changed
			==Structure==
	| Watchedfields = changed
			The term methyl violet encompasses three compounds that differ in the number of methyl groups attached to the ] ]. ''Methyl violets are mixtures of tetramethyl (2B), pentamethyl (6B) and hexamethyl (10B) pararosanilins.''<ref>C. Bouasla, M. E. H. Samar, F, Ismail: ''Degradation of methyl violet 6B dye by the Fenton process.'' In: ''].'' 254.1–3, 2010, S.&nbsp;35–41, ].</ref>
	| verifiedrevid = 394767957
	| Name = '''Methyl violet 2B'''
			They are all soluble in ], ], ] and ].
	| ImageFile = Methyl Violet 6B.png
	| ImageSize = 200px
			{|class="wikitable" style="text-align:center"
	| ImageName = Methyl violet 2B
			|-
	| IUPACName = Methyl violet 2B
			!Name
	| OtherNames = Gentian Violet B
			| ] || ] || Methyl violet 10B (])
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
			|-
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}}
			!Structure
	| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
			| ] || ] || ]
	| ChEMBL = 64894
			|-
	| ChemSpiderID = 10588
			!Formula (])
	| InChI1 =
			| C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>26</sub>ClN<sub>3</sub> || C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>28</sub>ClN<sub>3</sub> || C<sub>25</sub>H<sub>30</sub>ClN<sub>3</sub>
	| InChIKey1 =
			|-
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
			!]
	| CASNo = 8004-87-3
			| 84215-49-6 || 8004-87-3 || 548-62-9
	| Pubchem = 196986
			|-
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			!]
	| StdInChI = 1S/C25H30N3.ClH/c1-26(2)22-13-7-19(8-14-22)25(20-9-15-23(16-10-20)27(3)4)21-11-17-24(18-12-21)28(5)6;/h7-18H,1-6H3;1H/q+1;/p-1
			| 42536 || 42535 || 42555
	| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
			|-
	| StdInChIKey = ZXJXZNDDNMQXFV-UHFFFAOYSA-M
			!] ID
	| SMILES =
			| || ||
	}}
			|-
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
			!] ID
	| Formula = C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>28</sub>N<sub>3</sub>Cl
			| || ||
	| MolarMass =
			|-
	| Appearance =Green to dark-green powder<ref name=b1>{{cite book|author=R. W. Sabnis|title=Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications|url=http://books.google.com/books?id=M59Kw54ehwAC&pg=PA309|accessdate=27 June 2011|date=29 March 2010|publisher=John Wiley and Sons|isbn=9780470407530|pages=309–}}</ref>
			!Formula (])
	| Solubility = Soluble in water, ethanol, insoluble in ]<ref name=b1/>
			| C<sub>23</sub>H<sub>26</sub>N<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> || C<sub>24</sub>H<sub>28</sub>N<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> || C<sub>25</sub>H<sub>30</sub>N<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>
	| Density =
			|-
	| MeltingPt = 137 °C (279 °F) – decomposes<ref name=b1/>
			!] ID
	| BoilingPt =}}
			| || || , ,
	}}
			|-
			!] ID
			| || ||
			|}
			===Methyl violet 2B===
			Methyl violet 2B (IUPAC name: '4,4'-((4-Iminocyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-ylidene)methylene)bis(N,N-dimethylaniline) monohydrochloride) is a green powder which is soluble in water and ethanol but not in xylene. It appears yellow in solution of low pH (~0.15) and changes to violet with pH increasing toward 3.2.<ref name=b1>{{cite book|author=R. W. Sabnis|title=Handbook of Biological Dyes and Stains: Synthesis and Industrial Applications|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=M59Kw54ehwAC&pg=PA309|access-date=27 June 2011|date=29 March 2010|publisher=]|isbn=978-0-470-40753-0|pages=309–}}</ref>
			===Methyl violet 10B===
			{{main|Crystal violet}}
			Methyl violet 10B has six methyl groups. It is known in medicine as ] (or crystal violet or pyoctanin(e)<ref name="pyoctanin_Gorgas">{{cite journal|last=Gorgas |first=Ferdinand J. S. |title=Pyoctanin – Methyl-Violet – Pyoctanine |publisher=chestofbooks.com |date=1901 |url=http://chestofbooks.com/health/materia-medica-drugs/Manual-Of-Dental-Materia-Medica-And-Therapeutics/Pyoctanin-Methyl-Violet-Pyoctanine.html |access-date=2011-03-15 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110708143253/http://chestofbooks.com/health/materia-medica-drugs/Manual-Of-Dental-Materia-Medica-And-Therapeutics/Pyoctanin-Methyl-Violet-Pyoctanine.html |archive-date=2011-07-08 |url-status=live }}</ref>) and is the active ingredient in a ], used to classify bacteria. It is used as a ], with a range between 0 and 1.6. The protonated form (found in ]ic conditions) is yellow, turning blue-violet above pH levels of 1.6.<ref> {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110609064341/http://www.uni-regensburg.de/Fakultaeten/nat_Fak_IV/Organische_Chemie/Didaktik/Keusch/D-KV-e.htm |date=June 9, 2011 }}</ref>
			Methyl violet 10B inhibits the growth of many ] bacteria, except ].{{citation needed|date=July 2022}} When used in conjunction with ] (which destroys gram-negative bacteria), it can be used to isolate the streptococci bacteria for the diagnosis of an infection.{{citation needed|date=July 2022}}
			==Degradation==
			Methyl violet is a mutagen and mitotic poison, therefore concerns exist regarding the ecological impact of the release of methyl violet into the environment. Methyl violet has been used in vast quantities for textile and paper dyeing, and 15% of such dyes produced worldwide are released to environment in wastewater. Numerous methods have been developed to treat methyl violet pollution. The three most prominent are chemical bleaching, biodegradation, and ].
			===Chemical bleaching===
			Chemical bleaching is achieved by ] or ]. Oxidation can destroy the dye completely, e.g. through the use of ] (NaClO, common bleach) or ].<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/S0301-7516(01)00082-5|title=Colour removal with NaClO of dye wastewater from an agate-processing plant in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil|date=2002|last1=Pizzolato|first1=T|journal=International Journal of Mineral Processing|volume=65|pages=203–211|issue=3–4|bibcode=2002IJMP...65..203P }}</ref><ref>XP-Chloro Degradation Malachite green {{US patent|2755202}}</ref> Reduction of methyl violet occurs in microorganisms but can be attained chemically using ].
			===Biodegradation===
			Biodegradation has been well investigated because of its relevance to sewage plants with specialized microorganisms. Two microorganisms that have been studied in depth are the ''] fungus'' and the bacterium '']''.<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=3389809|date=1988|last1=Bumpus|first1=JA|last2=Brock|first2=BJ|title=Biodegradation of crystal violet by the white rot fungus Phanerochaete chrysosporium|volume=54|issue=5|pages=1143–50|pmc=202618|journal=Applied and Environmental Microbiology|doi=10.1128/AEM.54.5.1143-1150.1988|bibcode=1988ApEnM..54.1143B }}
			</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1007/BF00242956|title=Degradation of Crystal violet by Nocardia corallina|date=1993|last1=Yatome|first1=Chizuko|last2=Yamada|first2=Shigeyuki|last3=Ogawa|first3=Toshihiko|last4=Matsui|first4=Masaki|journal=Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology|volume=38|issue=4|s2cid=43686541}}</ref>
			===Photodegradation===
			Light alone does not rapidly degrade methyl violet,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/1010-6030(95)04094-V|title=Oxidation of crystal violet and malachite green in aqueous solutions — a kinetic spectrophotometric study|date=1995|last1=Bhasikuttan|first1=A|journal=Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A: Chemistry|volume=90|pages=177–182|last2=Sapre|first2=A.V.|last3=Shastri|first3=L.V.|issue=2–3|bibcode=2018JPPA..364...59D}}</ref> but the process is accelerated upon the addition of large band-gap semiconductors, ] or ].<ref>{{cite journal|pmid=15927578|date=2005|last1=Senthilkumaar|first1=S|last2=Porkodi|first2=K|title=Heterogeneous photocatalytic decomposition of Crystal Violet in UV-illuminated sol-gel derived nanocrystalline TiO2 suspensions|volume=288|issue=1|pages=184–9|doi=10.1016/j.jcis.2005.02.066|journal=Journal of Colloid and Interface Science|bibcode=2005JCIS..288..184S}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.dyepig.2004.09.003|title=Photocatalytic degradation of Crystal Violet (C.I. Basic Violet 3) on silver ion doped TiO|date=2005|last1=Sahoo|first1=C|last2=Gupta|first2=A|last3=Pal|first3=A|journal=Dyes and Pigments|volume=66|pages=189–196|issue=3}}</ref>
			===Other methods===
			Many other methods have been developed to treat the contamination of dyes in a solution, including electrochemical degradation,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.chemosphere.2004.06.019|title=Electrochemical decolourisation of structurally different dyes|date=2004|last1=Sanroman|first1=M|last2=Pazos|first2=M|last3=Ricart|first3=M|last4=Cameselle|first4=C|journal=Chemosphere|volume=57|pages=233–9|pmid=15312740|issue=3|bibcode=2004Chmsp..57..233S}}</ref> ion exchange,<ref>{{cite journal|doi=10.1016/j.memsci.2007.10.035|title=Removal of cationic dye methyl violet 2B from water by cation exchange membranes|date=2008|last1=Wu|first1=J|last2=Liu|first2=C|last3=Chu|first3=K|last4=Suen|first4=S|journal=Journal of Membrane Science|volume=309|issue=1–2|pages=239–245}}</ref> laser degradation, and absorption onto various solids such as ].
			==See also==
			{{div col|colwidth=30em}}
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			==References==
			{{Reflist|30em}}
			{{Stains}}
			{{DEFAULTSORT:Methyl Violet}}
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			]