| Revision as of 12:47, 24 November 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 455803613 of page Monopotassium_phosphate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'ChemSpiderID'). |
Latest revision as of 19:52, 28 November 2023 edit 134.102.198.144 (talk) potassium dihydrogen phosphate: https://commonchemistry.cas.org/detail?cas_rn=7778-77-0 |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
|
|
{{chembox |
|
{{chembox |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
|
| Watchedfields = changed |
|
| verifiedrevid = 394777890 |
|
|
|
| verifiedrevid = 462253403 |
|
| Name = Monopotassium phosphate |
|
|
|
| Name = Monopotassium phosphate |
|
| ImageFile = Potassium monophosphate.png |
|
|
|
| IUPACNames = Potassium dihydrogen phosphate<ref>{{cite web | url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/516951#section=IUPAC-Name&fullscreen=true | title=Potassium dihydrogen phosphate }}</ref> |
|
| ImageName = |
|
|
|
| OtherNames = Potassium phosphate monobasic;<br/>Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt; <br/>Potassium biphosphate |
|
| IUPACName = Potassium dihydrogen phosphate |
|
|
|
| ImageFile1 = Monopotassium phosphate.png |
|
| OtherNames = Potassium phosphate monobasic<br/>Phosphoric acid, monopotassium salt |
|
|
|
| ImageCaption1 = |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|
|
| ImageSize1 = 200px |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
|
|
|
| ImageFile2 = TetragonalKH2PO4structure2.png |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 56408 |
|
|
|
| ImageSize2 = 270px |
|
|
| ImageCaption2 = Two ]s of MKP viewed close to the ''b'' axis |
|
|
| ImageFile3 = Kaliumdihydrogenphosphat.jpg |
|
|
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
|
|
| ChemSpiderID = 22914 |
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|
| UNII = 4J9FJ0HL51 |
|
| UNII = 4J9FJ0HL51 |
|
|
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
|
|
| ChEMBL = 1200925 |
|
| InChI1 = 1/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 |
|
| InChI1 = 1/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 |
|
| InChIKey1 = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-DFZHHIFOAX |
|
| InChIKey1 = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-DFZHHIFOAX |
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/3K.H3O4P/c;;;1-5(2,3)4/h;;;(H3,1,2,3,4)/q3*+1;/p-3 |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
|
| StdInChIKey = LWIHDJKSTIGBAC-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
|
| SMILES = ...P( |
|
| SMILES = .OP(O)()=O |
|
| CASNo = 7778-77-0 |
|
| CASNo = 7778-77-0 |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| PubChem = 516951 |
|
| PubChem = 516951 |
|
| RTECS = TC6615500 |
|
| RTECS = TC6615500 |
|
|
| EINECS = 231-913-4 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
|
| Formula = KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> |
|
| Formula = {{chem|K|H|2|P|O|4}} |
|
| MolarMass = 136.086 g/mol |
|
| MolarMass = 136.086{{nbsp}}g/mol |
|
|
| Appearance = Colourless crystals or white granular or crystalline powder<ref name=EUR-Lex>{{cite web |title=Commission Regulation (EU) No 231/2012 of 9 March 2012 laying down specifications for food additives listed in Annexes II and III to Regulation (EC) No 1333/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council Text with EEA relevance |url=https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32012R0231 |website=EUR-Lex |access-date=19 January 2023 |location=E 340 (i) MONOPOTASSIUM PHOSPHATE}}</ref> |
|
| Appearance = White powder <br> ] |
|
|
|
| Odor = Odorless <ref name="EUR-Lex" /> |
|
| Density = 2.338 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
|
|
| Density = 2.338{{nbsp}}g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
| Solubility = 22 g/100 mL (25°C) |
|
|
|
| Solubility = 22.6{{nbsp}}g/100{{nnbsp}}mL (20 °C)<br>83.5{{nbsp}}g/100{{nnbsp}}mL (90 °C) |
|
| SolubleOther = insoluble in ] |
|
|
|
| SolubleOther = Slightly soluble in ] |
|
| MeltingPt = 252.6 °C |
|
|
|
| MeltingPtC = 252.6 |
|
| BoilingPt = 400 °C, dec |
|
|
|
| MeltingPt_notes = <ref>King, Harold S. ''J. Am. Chem. Soc.'' 1927, 49, 6, 1511–1512 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01405a018</ref> |
|
| pKa = 7.2 |
|
|
| pKb = 11.9 |
|
| BoilingPtC = 400 |
|
|
| BoilingPt_notes = , decomposes |
|
|
| pKa = 6.86<ref>Mathews, Christopher K., K. E. Van Holde, Ean R. Appling, and Spencer J. Anthony-Cahill. Biochemistry. Redwood City, CA: Benjamin/Cummings Pub., 1990. Print. |
|
|
</ref> |
|
|
| pKb = 11.9 |
|
|
| RefractIndex = 1.4864 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
|
|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
|
|
| CrystalStruct = Tetragonal<ref name=s2>{{cite journal|doi=10.1143/JPSJ.56.577|title=Phase Transitions in Mixed Crystal System K<sub>1−x</sub>(NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>x</sub>H<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> |year=1987 |last1=Ono |first1=Yasuhiro |last2=Hikita |first2=Tomoyuki |last3=Ikeda |first3=Takuro |journal=Journal of the Physical Society of Japan |volume=56 |issue=2 |pages=577|bibcode=1987JPSJ...56..577O }}</ref> |
|
| MolShape = |
|
|
|
| SpaceGroup = I{{overline|4}}2d |
|
| Coordination = |
|
|
|
| LattConst_a = 0.744{{nbsp}}nm |
|
| CrystalStruct = tetragonal |
|
|
|
| LattConst_b = 0.744{{nbsp}}nm |
|
| Dipole = |
|
|
|
| LattConst_c = 0.697{{nbsp}}nm |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
|
| ExternalMSDS = |
|
| ExternalSDS = |
|
|
| MainHazards = |
|
| EUIndex = Not listed |
|
|
|
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}<ref name=sds>{{cite web|title = Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate|url = https://www.americanelements.com/potassium-dihydrogen-phosphate-7778-77-0|publisher = ]|access-date = October 30, 2018}}</ref> |
|
| MainHazards = |
|
|
|
| GHSSignalWord = Warning<ref name=sds /> |
|
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
|
|
|
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319}}<ref name=sds /> |
|
| NFPA-H = 1 |
|
|
|
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|305+351+338|321|332+313|337+313}}<ref name=sds /> |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
|
|
| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
|
| NFPA-R = 0 |
|
|
| NFPA-O = |
|
| NFPA-H = 1 |
|
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
|
| NFPA-R = 0 |
|
|
| NFPA-S = |
|
|
| LD50 = 3200{{nbsp}}mg/kg (rat, oral) |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
|Section8={{Chembox Related |
|
| OtherAnions = |
|
| OtherAnions = |
|
| OtherCations = ]<br/>] |
|
| OtherCations = ]<br/>] |
|
| OtherCpds = ]<br/>] |
|
| OtherCompounds = ]<br/>] |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
'''Monopotassium phosphate''' ('''MKP''') (also, '''potassium dihydrogen phosphate''', '''KDP''', or '''monobasic potassium phosphate''') is the ] with the formula KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>. Together with ] (K<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub><sup>.</sup>(H<sub>2</sub>O)<sub>x</sub>) it is often used as a ], ], and ]. The salt often cocrystallizes with the dipotassium salt as well as with ].<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|author1=Klaus Schrödter|author2=Gerhard Bettermann|author3=Thomas Staffel|author4=Friedrich Wahl|author5=Thomas Klein|author6=Thomas Hofmann|title=Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates|doi=10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3|year=2012}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
]s are ] at room temperature. At temperatures below {{convert|-150|C|F}}, they become ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Structure== |
|
|
Monopotassium phosphate can exist in several ]. At room temperature it forms ] crystals with tetragonal symmetry. Upon cooling to {{convert|-150|C|F}} it transforms to a ] phase of orthorhombic symmetry, and the transition temperature shifts up to {{convert|-50|C|F}} when hydrogen is replaced by deuterium.<ref name=s1/> Heating to {{convert|190|C|F}} changes its structure to monoclinic.<ref name=s3/> When heated further, MKP decomposes, by loss of water, to potassium metaphosphate, {{chem|K|P|O|3}}, at {{convert|400|C|F}}. |
|
|
|
|
|
{| Class = "wikitable" style="margin: 1em auto 1em auto;" |
|
|
|- |
|
|
! Symmetry |
|
|
! ] |
|
|
! ] |
|
|
! ] |
|
|
! ''a''<br/> (nm) |
|
|
! ''b''<br/> (nm) |
|
|
! ''c''<br/> (nm) |
|
|
! ''Z'' |
|
|
! Density <br/>(g/cm<sup>3)</sup> |
|
|
! T (°C, °F, K) |
|
|
|- |
|
|
| ]<ref name=s1>{{cite journal|doi=10.1002/pssa.2211170234|title=Refinement of the Crystal Structure of KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> in the Ferroelectric Phase|year=1990|last1=Fukami|first1=T.|journal=Physica Status Solidi A|volume=117|issue=2|pages=K93–K96|bibcode=1990PSSAR.117...93F}}</ref> |
|
|
| Fdd2 |
|
|
| 43 |
|
|
| oF48 |
|
|
| 1.0467 |
|
|
| 1.0533 |
|
|
| 0.6926 |
|
|
| 8 |
|
|
| 2.37 |
|
|
| < {{convert|-150|C|F K|disp=comma}} |
|
|
|- |
|
|
| ]<ref name=s2/> |
|
|
| I{{overline|4}}2d |
|
|
| 122 |
|
|
| tI24 |
|
|
| 0.744 |
|
|
| 0.744 |
|
|
| 0.697 |
|
|
| 4 |
|
|
| 2.34 |
|
|
| {{convert|−150 to 190|C|F K|disp=comma}} |
|
|
|- |
|
|
| ]<ref name=s3>{{cite journal|doi=10.1143/JPSJ.39.843|title=X-Ray Study of High-Temperature Phase Transitions in KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub> |year=1975 |last1=Itoh |first1=Kazuyuki |last2=Matsubayashi |first2=Tetsuo |last3=Nakamura |first3=Eiji |last4=Motegi |first4=Hiroshi |journal=Journal of the Physical Society of Japan |volume=39 |issue=3 |pages=843|bibcode=1975JPSJ...39..843I }}</ref> |
|
|
| P2<sub>1</sub>/c |
|
|
| 14 |
|
|
| mP48 |
|
|
| 0.733 |
|
|
| 1.449 |
|
|
| 0.747 |
|
|
| 8 |
|
|
| |
|
|
| {{convert|190 to 400|C|F K|disp=comma}} |
|
|
|} |
|
|
|
|
|
==Manufacturing== |
|
|
Monopotassium phosphate is produced by the action of ] on ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Applications== |
|
|
Fertilizer-grade MKP powder contains the equivalent of 52% {{chem|P|2|O|5}} and 34% {{chem|K|2|O}}, and is labeled ]{{nbsp}}0-52-34. MKP powder is often used as a ] source in the ] trade and in ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
As a ], MKP is noted for its non-linear optical properties. It is used in ]s and for ] such as ] (SHG). |
|
|
|
|
|
Also, to be noted is '''KD*P''', ], with slightly different properties. Highly ] KDP is used in nonlinear frequency conversion of laser light instead of protonated (regular) KDP due to the fact that the replacement of protons with deuterons in the crystal shifts the third overtone of the strong OH molecular stretch to longer wavelengths, moving it mostly out of the range of the fundamental line at approximately 1064 nm of ]. Regular KDP has absorbances at this wavelength of approximately 4.7–6.3% per cm of thickness while highly deuterated KDP has absorbances of typically less than 0.8% per cm. |
|
|
|
|
|
Monopotassium phosphate is also used as an ingredient in ]s such as ] and ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
In medicine, monopotassium phosphate is used for phosphate substitution in ].<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Gaasbeek |first1=André |last2=Meinders |first2=A. Edo |title=Hypophosphatemia: an update on its etiology and treatment |journal=The American Journal of Medicine |date=October 2005 |volume=118 |issue=10 |pages=1094–1101 |doi=10.1016/j.amjmed.2005.02.014 |pmid=16194637 |url=https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16194637/ |issn=0002-9343}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Gallery== |
|
|
<gallery> |
|
|
Image:KDP crystal.jpg|A large KDP crystal, used in the form of slices at the ] |
|
|
Image:Monocristal dsc03676.jpg|Alternate angle, covered |
|
|
</gallery> |
|
|
|
|
|
==References== |
|
|
{{reflist}} |
|
|
|
|
|
==External links== |
|
|
{{Commons category|Monopotassium phosphate}} |
|
|
* |
|
|
* |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Potassium compounds}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |