| Revision as of 10:06, 19 January 2012 editThe chemistds (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users5,761 edits added PubChem, CSID, (std)InChI and (Std)InChIKey← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 04:40, 18 November 2024 edit undoRustyOldShip (talk | contribs)495 edits 1974 usage data |
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{{redirect|Tordon|the Swedish ships|HSwMS Tordön}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 407839564 |
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| verifiedrevid = 472033103 |
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| ImageFile = Picloram.png |
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| ImageFile = Picloram.png |
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| ImageSize = |
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| ImageSize = 160 |
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| ImageAlt = Skeletal formula |
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| IUPACName = 4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloro-2-pyridinecarboxylic acid |
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| ImageFile1 = Picloram-3D-spacefill.png |
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| ImageSize1 = 160 |
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| ImageAlt1 = Picloram molecule |
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| PIN = 4-Amino-3,5,6-trichloropyridine-2-carboxylic acid |
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| OtherNames = Picloram<br>Tordon<br>Grazon |
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| OtherNames = Picloram<br>Tordon<br>Grazon |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| PubChem = 15965 |
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| PubChem = 15965 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 15170 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 15170 |
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| InChI = 1/C6H3Cl3N2O2/c7-1-3(10)2(8)5(9)11-4(1)6(12)13/h(H2,10,11)(H,12,13) |
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| InChI = 1/C6H3Cl3N2O2/c7-1-3(10)2(8)5(9)11-4(1)6(12)13/h(H2,10,11)(H,12,13) |
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| InChIKey = NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYAR |
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| InChIKey = NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYAR |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C6H3Cl3N2O2/c7-1-3(10)2(8)5(9)11-4(1)6(12)13/h(H2,10,11)(H,12,13) |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C6H3Cl3N2O2/c7-1-3(10)2(8)5(9)11-4(1)6(12)13/h(H2,10,11)(H,12,13) |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = NQQVFXUMIDALNH-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| Abbreviations = ATCP |
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| Abbreviations = ATCP |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 1918-02-1 |
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| CASNo = 1918-02-1 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
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| UNII = O7437X49DW |
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| EINECS = |
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| EINECS = |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 461349 |
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| ChEMBL = 461349 |
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| SMILES = ClC1=C(Cl)C(N)=C(Cl)C(C(O)=O)=N1 |
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| SMILES = Nc1c(Cl)c(Cl)nc(C(=O)O)c1Cl |
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| RTECS = |
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| RTECS = |
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| MeSHName = |
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| MeSHName = |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = |
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| ChEBI = 34922 |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = C14310 |
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| KEGG = C14310 |
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}} |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| ATCCode_suffix = |
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| C=6 | H=3 | Cl=3 | N=2 | O=2 |
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| ATC_Supplemental =}} |
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| Appearance = colorless to white crystalline solid<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Odor = chlorine-like<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| Formula = C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>3</sub>Cl<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 241.46 |
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| Appearance = Crystalline solid |
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| Density = |
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| Density = |
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| MeltingPt = 218.5 °C |
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| MeltingPtC = 218.5 |
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| MeltingPt_notes = decomposes |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = 0.04% (20°C)<ref name=PGCH/> 430 mg/L at 25 deg C<ref>{{Cite web | url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/picloram#section=Solubility&fullscreen=true |title = Picloram}}</ref> |
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| Solubility = |
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| VaporPressure = 0.0000006 mmHg (35°C)<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| SolubleOther = |
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| Solvent = |
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| Solvent = |
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| pKa = |
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| pKa = |
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| pKb = }} |
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| pKb = }} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| EUClass = |
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| FlashPt = |
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| Autoignition = |
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| ExploLimits = |
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| PEL = TWA 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (total) TWA 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> (resp)<ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0514}}</ref> |
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| PEL = }} |
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| IDLH = N.D.<ref name=PGCH/> |
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| REL = none established<ref name=PGCH/> |
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}} |
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'''Picloram''' is a systemic herbicide used for general woody plant control, sold under the trade names '''Tordon''' and '''Grazon'''. It also controls a wide range of broad-leaved weeds, but most grasses are resistant.<ref name="PMEP">, Pesticide Management Education Program, ].</ref> A ] derivative of ], picloram is in the ] family of herbicides. |
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'''Picloram''' is a systemic herbicide used for general woody plant control. It also controls a wide range of broad-leaved weeds, but most grasses are resistant.<ref name="PMEP">, Pesticide Management Education Program, ].</ref> A ] derivative of ], picloram is in the ] family of herbicides. |
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Picloram can be sprayed on foliage, injected into plants, applied to cut surfaces, or placed at the base of the plant where it will leach to the roots. Once absorbed by the foliage, stem, or roots, picloram is transported throughout the plant. |
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Picloram can be sprayed on foliage, injected into plants, applied to cut surfaces, or placed at the base of the plant where it will leach to the roots. Once absorbed by the foliage, stem, or roots, picloram is transported throughout the plant. |
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Herbicides containing picloram are sold under a variety of brand names. ] and now ] sell herbicides containing it under the brand name Tordon.<ref name="Greene2005">{{cite book|author=Stanley A. Greene|title=Sittig's Handbook of Pesticides and Agricultural Chemicals|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=hAoKEHpyu6wC&pg=PA717|year=2005|publisher=William Andrew|isbn=978-0-8155-1903-4|page=717}}</ref> |
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During the Vietnam War, a mixture of picloram and ], known as ], was sprayed on plants that survived treatment with ] (] and 2,4-D). |
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During the ], picloram and other herbicides were combined to make ] (commercially available as Tordon 101) and enhanced ], which was previously conducted by the British military during the ]. Large quantities of these herbicides were sprayed by U.S. forces in areas where they considered its long-term persistence desirable, such as inland forests.<ref name="HerbicidesMedicine1994">{{cite book|author1=Committee to Review the Health Effects in Vietnam Veterans of Exposure to Herbicides|author2=Institute of Medicine|title=Veterans and Agent Orange: Health Effects of Herbicides Used in Vietnam|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=RjCHcoUE3B8C&pg=PA89|year=1994|publisher=National Academies Press|isbn=978-0-309-55619-4|pages=89–90}}</ref> In 1974, {{convert|413000|lbs|t}} of picloram were used in the US, mainly by government and industry.<ref>{{cite web |title=Pesticide Usage Survey of Agricultural, Governmental, and Industrial Sectors in the United States, 1974 |url=https://nepis.epa.gov/Exe/ZyPURL.cgi?Dockey=91012P4O.txt |website=epa.gov |publisher=EPA |date=1977}}</ref> |
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Picloram is of moderate toxicity to the eyes and only mildly toxic on the skin.<ref name="PMEP"/> There is no documented history of human intoxication by picloram so symptoms of acute exposure are difficult to characterize. A possible symptom from massive amounts would be nausea. |
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==Safety== |
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Picloram is the most persistent of its family of herbicides.<ref>, U.S. ].</ref> It does not adhere to soil and so may leach to groundwater, and has in fact been detected there. It is degraded in soil and water mainly by microbes. Picloram has very little tendency to accumulate in aquatic life. |
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Picloram is of moderate toxicity to the eyes and only mildly toxic on the skin.<ref name="PMEP"/> No history of human intoxication by picloram has been documented, so symptoms of acute exposure are difficult to characterize. |
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Picloram is the most persistent of its family of herbicides.<ref>, U.S. ]</ref> It does not adhere to soil, so may leach to groundwater, and has in fact been detected there. It is degraded in soil and water mainly by microbes. Picloram has very little tendency to accumulate in aquatic life. |
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Gardeners who use dung as fertilizer should check to make certain that the animal source has not grazed on picloram treated hay, as the dung still has broadleaf killing potency.<ref>, U. Minnesota Extension</ref> |
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Gardeners who use dung as fertilizer should check to make certain that the animal source has not grazed on picloram-treated hay, as the dung still has broadleaf-killing potency.<ref> {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100614011214/http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/livestocksystems/M1197.html |date=2010-06-14 }}, U. Minnesota Extension</ref> |
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In regards to occupational exposures, the U. S. ] has established a ] of 15 mg/m<sup>3</sup> total exposure and 5 mg/m<sup>3</sup> for respiratory exposure, over an eight-hour workshift.<ref>, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention</ref> |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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<references/> |
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==External links== |
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==External links == |
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* {{PPDB|525}} |
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* , ] |
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{{Herbicides}} |
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{{Herbicides}} |
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