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{{short description|Chemical substance}} |
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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 440122902 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Name = Polysorbate 20 |
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| verifiedrevid = 464210261 |
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| ImageFile = Polysorbate 20.png |
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| Name = Polysorbate 20 |
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| ImageSize = 250px |
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| ImageName = Polysorbate 20 |
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| ImageFile = Polysorbate 20.png |
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| ImageSize = 250px |
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| IUPACName = Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate |
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| ImageName = Polysorbate 20 |
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| OtherNames = Polysorbate 20<br />PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate<br /> Alkest TW 20<br /> Tween 20 |
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| IUPACName = Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list |
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| CASNo = 9005-64-5 |
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| Kolliphor PS 20 |
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| RTECS = TR7400000 |
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| Montanox 20 |
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| Polysorbate 20 |
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| PEG(20)sorbitan monolaurate |
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| Alkest TW 20 |
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| Tween 20 |
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| Kotilen-20 |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| Formula = C<sub>58</sub>H<sub>114</sub>O<sub>26</sub> |
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| CASNo = 9005-64-5 |
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| MolarMass = 1227.54 g/mol |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| Appearance = Clear, yellow to yellow-green viscous liquid. |
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| UNII = 239B50Y732 |
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| Density = 1.1 g/mL (approximate) <!-- Per MSDS - this MUST be known, somewhere! --> |
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| RTECS = TR7400000 |
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| Solubility = |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| ChemSpiderID = none |
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| BoilingPt = > 100 °C |
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}}<!-- |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| ] |
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| Formula = C<sub>58</sub>H<sub>114</sub>O<sub>26</sub> |
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| 16.7 |
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| MolarMass = 1226 g/mol |
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|- |
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| Appearance = Clear, yellow to yellow-green viscous liquid. |
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--> |
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| Density = 1.1 g/mL (approximate) <!-- Per MSDS - this MUST be known, somewhere! --> |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Solubility = |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| BoilingPt = > |
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| BoilingPtC = 100 |
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| NFPA-F = |
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| CMC = 8.04×10<sup>−5</sup> M at 21 °C<ref name="ChunheeKim">{{cite journal|author1=Chunhee Kim |author2=You-Lo Hsieh | journal = Colloids and Surfaces A| title = Wetting and absorbency of nonionic surfactant solutions on cotton fabrics| year = 2001| volume = 187| pages = 385–397| doi = 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00653-7 |
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| NFPA-R = |
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}}</ref> |
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| FlashPt = 110 °C |
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| HLB = 16.7<ref name="ChunheeKim" /> |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| NFPA-H = |
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| NFPA-F = 1 |
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| NFPA-R = |
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| FlashPtC = 110 |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Polysorbate 20''' (common commercial brand names include '''Alkest TW 20''' and '''Tween 20''') is a ] ] whose stability and relative non-toxicity allows it to be used as a ] and ] in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. It is a ] derivative of sorbitan monolaurate, and is distinguished from the other members in the polysorbate range by the length of the polyoxyethylene chain and the fatty acid ester moiety. The commercial product contains a range of chemical species.<ref>{{cite journal |
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'''Polysorbate 20''' (common commercial brand names include '''Kolliphor PS 20''',<ref>{{Cite web |title=Polysorbates and Sorbitan Esters for Pharmaceutical Applications |url=https://pharma.basf.com/chemistry/polysorbates-and-sorbitan-esters |access-date=2022-06-10 |website=BASF Pharma |language=en-US}}</ref> '''Scattics''', '''Alkest TW 20''', '''Tween 20''', and '''Kotilen-20''') is a ]-type ] formed by the ] of ] monolaurate. Its stability and relative nontoxicity allows it to be used as a ] and ] in a number of domestic, scientific, and pharmacological applications. As the name implies, the ethoxylation process leaves the molecule with 20 ]s of ]; in practice these are distributed across 4 different chains, leading to a commercial product containing a range of chemical species.<ref>{{cite journal |
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| author = Ayorinde FO, Gelain SV, Johnson JH Jr, Wan LW. |
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|author1=Ayorinde FO |author2=Gelain SV |author3=Johnson JH Jr |author4=Wan LW. | year = 2000 |
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| title = Analysis of some commercial polysorbate formulations using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
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| year = 2000 |
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| journal = Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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| title = Analysis of some commercial polysorbate formulations using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry |
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| volume = 14 |
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| journal = Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry |
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| volume = 14 |
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| issue = 22 |
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| pages = 2116–2124 |
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| issue = 22 |
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| pmid = 11114018 |
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| pages = 2116–2124 |
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| doi = 10.1002/1097-0231(20001130)14:22<2116::AID-RCM142>3.0.CO;2-1 |
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| pmid = 11114018 |
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|bibcode=2000RCMS...14.2116A }}</ref> |
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| doi = 10.1002/1097-0231(20001130)14:22<2116::AID-RCM142>3.0.CO;2-1 |
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}}</ref> |
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==Food applications== |
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==Food applications== |
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Polysorbate 20 is used as a ] in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, helping to provide the spreading feeling of the other ingredients like ] and mint flavor. |
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Polysorbate 20 is used as a ] in flavored mouth drops such as Ice Drops, helping to provide a spreading feeling to other ingredients like ] and mint flavor. |
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The ] has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0-25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.<ref>{{cite web |
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The ] has suggested acceptable daily intake limits of 0–25 mg of polyoxyethylene sorbitan esters per kg body weight.<ref>{{cite web |
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| url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je47.htm |
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| url = http://www.inchem.org/documents/jecfa/jecmono/v05je47.htm |
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| title = Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents |
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| title = Toxicological evaluation of some food additives including anticaking agents, antimicrobials, antioxidants, emulsifiers and thickening agents |
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==Biotechnical applications== |
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==Biotechnical applications== |
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In biological techniques and sciences, Polysorbate 20 has a broad range of applications. For example, it is used: |
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In biological techniques and sciences, polysorbate 20 has a broad range of applications. For example, it is used: |
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* as a washing agent in ]s, such as ]s and ]s. It helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding. In this major application, it is dissolved in ] or ] at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v. These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreactions, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubation solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce unspecific background. |
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* as a washing agent in ]s, such as ]s and ]s. It helps to prevent non-specific antibody binding. In this major application, it is dissolved in ] or ] at dilutions of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v. These buffers are used for washes between each immunoreaction, to remove unbound immunologicals, and eventually for incubating solutions of immunoreagents (labeled antibodies) to reduce nonspecific background. |
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* to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e. to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined to proteins such as BSA). |
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* to saturate binding sites on surfaces (i.e., to coat polystyrene microplates, generally combined with proteins such as BSA). |
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* to stabilize proteins ] (PPD) solution used in skin testing for ] exposure |
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* to stabilize proteins ] (PPD) solution used in skin testing for ] exposure |
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* as a solubilizing agent of ] proteins |
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* as a solubilizing agent of ] proteins |
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* for ] mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined to other detergents, salts and additives. |
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* for ] mammalian cells, at a concentration of 0.05% to 0.5% v/v, generally combined with other detergents, salts and additives. |
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==Pharmaceutical applications== |
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==Pharmaceutical applications== |
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==Industrial and domestic applications== |
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==Industrial and domestic applications== |
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Polysorbate 20 is used in many brands of baby wipes. |
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The ]-made cleaning solution used by the ] ] floor-washing robot lists Tween 20 as one of its major ingredients on its ]. |
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Polysorbate 20 is also used by ] to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp itself. |
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Polysorbate 20 is used by ] to remove stamps from envelopes and to remove residues from stamps, without harming the stamp itself. |
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Polysorbate 20 is also used as wetting agent in rubber balers in the ] industry. |
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==Data== |
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Polysorbate 20's ] is 8.04×10<sup>-5</sup> M at 21°C. This corresponds to 0.0987 g/L or approximately 0.01% w/v. |
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Polysorbate 20's hydrophile-lipophile balance (HLB) is: 16.7. ] number is a measure of how much a surfactant will move into the water and oil phase. A high HLB number like 16.7 indicates that the surfactant will travel into the water phase. <ref name="ChunheeKim">{{cite journal |
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|author = Chunhee Kim, You-Lo Hsieh |
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|journal = Colloids and Surfaces A |
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|title = Wetting and absorbency of nonionic surfactant solutions on cotton fabrics |
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|year = 2001 |
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|volume = 187 |
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|pages = 385–397 |
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|doi = 10.1016/S0927-7757(01)00653-7 |
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}}</ref> |
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Polysorbate 20 has been used as a shape directing agent to synthesize spheroidal ] nanoassemblies.<ref>Q. Maqbool, C. Singh, A. Paul and A. Srivastava ''J. Mat. Chem. C'', 2015, '''3''', 1610</ref> |
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==References== |
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Tween® and Tween 20® are registered trademarks of ICI Americas{{reflist}} |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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==References== |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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