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Revision as of 12:25, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 473939787 of page Polyvinyl_butyral for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo').  Latest revision as of 02:56, 15 November 2024 edit Citation bot (talk | contribs)Bots5,430,509 edits Added bibcode. | Use this bot. Report bugs. | Suggested by Whoop whoop pull up | Category:Car windows | #UCB_Category 15/25 
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{{More citations needed|date=April 2024}}
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{Chembox {{Chembox
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| ImageFile = Polyvinyl butyral.svg | ImageFile = Polyvinyl butyral.svg
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| ImageAlt = | ImageAlt =
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| OtherNames = Poly(vinyl butyral)<br>Poly | OtherNames = Poly(vinyl butyral)<br>Poly
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} | CASNo = 63148-65-2
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| CASNo1 = 915977-69-4
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'''Polyvinyl butyral''' (or '''PVB''') is a ] mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to many surfaces, ] and flexibility. It is prepared from ] by reaction with ]. The major application is ] for ] ]s.<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann|first1=Manfred L. |last1=Hallensleben|title=Polyvinyl Compounds, Others|year= 2000|doi=10.1002/14356007.a21_743}}</ref> Trade names for PVB-films include KB PVB, GUTMANN PVB, Saflex, GlasNovations, Butacite, WINLITE, S-Lec, Trosifol and EVERLAM. PVB is also available as 3D printer filament that is stronger and more heat resistant than ] (PLA).

==Applications==

===Automotive and architectural===
], commonly used in the automotive and architectural fields, comprises a protective interlayer, usually polyvinyl butyral, bonded between two panels of glass. The bonding process takes place under heat and pressure. When laminated under these conditions, the PVB interlayer becomes optically clear and binds the two panes of glass together. Once sealed together, the glass "sandwich" (i.e., laminate) behaves as a single unit and looks like normal glass. The ] interlayer of PVB is tough and ductile, so brittle cracks will not pass from one side of the laminate to the other.

===Colors===
PVB interlayer can be manufactured in colored sheets, such as for the blue or green "shade band" at the top edge of many automobile windshields{{CN|date=April 2024}}. PVB interlayers can also be manufactured in different colors for architectural laminated glass.

===Solar modules===
PVB has gained acceptance among manufacturers {{who|date=April 2024}}of ] ] solar modules. The photovoltaic circuit is formed on a sheet of glass using thin film deposition and patterning techniques. PVB and a second sheet of glass (called back glass) are then placed directly on the circuit. The lamination of this sandwich encapsulates the circuit, protecting it from the environment. Current is extracted from the module at a sealed terminal box that is attached to the circuit through a hole in the back glass. Another common laminant used in the solar industry is ] (EVA).

===Non-film applications===
PVB resins (provided by the manufacturer in powdered or granulated form) are also utilized in a range of applications including technical ceramic (temporary) binders, inks, dye transfer ribbon inks, paints & coatings (including wash primers), binders for reflective sheet and binders for magnetic media. PVB resin is particularly useful at bonding to metals, ceramics and other inorganics.

==Properties of PVB-laminated glass==
], heat-strengthened, or ] can be used to produce laminated glass. While laminated glass will crack if struck with sufficient force, the resulting glass fragments tend to adhere to the interlayer rather than falling free and potentially causing injury.

In practice, the interlayer provides three beneficial properties to laminated glass panes: first, the interlayer functions to distribute impact forces across a greater area of the glass panes, thus increasing the impact resistance of the glass;{{Citation needed|date=September 2014}} second, the interlayer functions to bind the resulting shards if the glass is ultimately broken; third the ] interlayer undergoes plastic deformation during impact and under static loads after impact, absorbing energy and reducing penetration by the impacting object as well as reducing the energy of the impact that is transmitted to impacting object, e.g. a passenger in a car crash. Thus, the benefits of laminated glass include safety and security. Laminated glass also has decorative applications. The interlayer can be colored or patterned.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://glassmagazine.com/article/commercial/window-future-decorative-glass-1412340 |title=Window to the Future of Decorative Glass |date=March 28, 2014 |accessdate=November 10, 2016 |publisher=Glassmagazine }}</ref>

==History==
PVB was invented in 1927 by the Canadian chemists Howard W. Matheson and Frederick W. Skirrow.<ref>Howard W. Matheson and Frederick W. Skirrow, U.S. Patent no. 1,725,362 (filed: August 15, 1927 ; issued: August 20, 1929).</ref> PVB has been the dominant interlayer material since the late 1930s.<ref>Laminated glass containing PVB was patented in 1936. Within five years, 98% of laminated glass contained PVB. See:
* Earl L. Fix, U.S. Patent no. 2,045,130 (filed: February 25, 1936 ; issued: June 23, 1936).
* Fred Aftalion, ''A History of the International Chemical Industry'', 2nd ed. (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Chemical Heritage Foundation, 2001), </ref> It is manufactured and marketed by a number of companies worldwide, including:

* Saflex made by ] in ]
*S-Lec films and powdered resins made by Sekisui<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.sekisuichemical.com/ |title=Sekisui Chemical Co., Ltd |publisher=Sekisuichemical.com |date= |accessdate=2010-10-19}}</ref> in ], Japan, ], Kentucky, Geleen & Roermond, The Netherlands and ], Mexico
*Kuraray Europe GmbH <ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.trosifol.com/en/ |title=Kuraray Europe GmbH - manufactures synthetic resins, fine chemicals, non-woven fabrics, man-made leather to laser discs and medical products |publisher=Kuraray.eu |date= |accessdate=2010-10-19 |archive-date=2012-12-13 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121213041818/http://www.trosifol.com/en/ |url-status=dead }}</ref> manufactures Trosifol and Mowital / Pioloform PVB products in ], Germany
*Chang Chung Petrochemicals Co. Ltd of ] manufactures WINLITE brand PVB products
*EVERLAM in ], Germany markets its eponymous Everlam brand

The market for laminated glass products is mature. With only minor modifications, the PVB interlayer sold today is essentially identical to the PVB sold 30 years ago. Since its introduction in 1938, the worldwide market for PVB interlayer has been dominated by a handful of large chemical companies. As a result, inventive efforts have tended toward methods of making the interlayer itself cheaper to manufacture, or making the interlayer easier to handle and less prone to material defects during the process of fabricating laminated glass.

==Other interlayer materials==
Other types of interlayer materials are in use, including ]s such as Duraflex-brand thermoplastic polyurethane film, manufactured by ], ], Germany.

==See also==
*]
*]

==References==
{{reflist}}

== Further reading ==
* {{cite journal |title=The characterization of polyvinyl butyral by thermal analysis |last1=Dhaliwal |first1=A. K. |last2=Hay |first2=J. N. |journal=Thermochimica Acta |volume=91 |issue=1–2 |date=2002 |pages=245–255 |doi=10.1016/s0040-6031(02)00187-9|bibcode=2002TcAc..391..245D }} Study of PVB from several manufacturers that establishes the possibility of using recycled PVB from laminated glass.
*{{cite web|url=http://www.kuraray.eu/fileadmin/Downloads/pvb/TDS_Mowital_EN_9_2013.pdf |title=Mowital-Technical Data Sheet |url-status=dead |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140108141655/http://www.kuraray.eu/fileadmin/Downloads/pvb/TDS_Mowital_EN_9_2013.pdf |archivedate=January 8, 2014 }} (PDF; 75&nbsp;kB)


{{Plastics}}

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