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{{short description|Compound of praseodymium}} |
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{{chembox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 414436495 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| Name = Uranyl acetate |
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| verifiedrevid = 431952998 |
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| ImageFile = Uranyl_Acetate_10_3_07.jpg |
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| Name = Praseodymium acetate |
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| ImageSize = |
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| ImageName = Uranyl acetate |
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| ImageFile = Praseodymium acetate.jpg |
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| ImageCaption = |
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| IUPACName = Uranium bis(acetato)-O)dioxo-dihydrate |
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| ImageName = Neodymium acetate |
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| OtherNames = Uranyl ethanoate |
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| ImageFile1 = |
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| ImageName1 = |
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| ImageAlt1 = |
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| ImageCaption1 = Structure of dihydrate |
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| IUPACNames = Tetra-''μ''<sup>2</sup>-acetatodiaquadipraseodymium(III) |
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praseodymium (3+) triacetate |
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| OtherNames = Praseodymium ethanoate |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 6192-12-7 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite}} |
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| CASNo = 541-09-3 |
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| ChEBI = 63078 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 145010 |
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| CASOther = (anhydrous) <br/> (dihydrate) |
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| EC_number = 228-242-4 |
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}} |
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| PubChem = 165418 |
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| StdInChI=1S/3C2H4O2.Pr/c3*1-2(3)4;/h3*1H3,(H,3,4);/q;;;+3/p-3 |
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| StdInChIKey = KPXRPRLCONABEG-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| SMILES = .O=C()C.C(=O)C.C(=O)C |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = UO<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub> (anhydrous) <br/>UO<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O (dihydrate) |
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| Formula = Pr(O<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 424.146 g/mol (dihydrate) |
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| MolarMass = |
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| Appearance = yellow crystals (dihydrate) |
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| Appearance = Green solid |
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| Density = 2.89 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (dihydrate) |
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| Density = |
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| MeltingPt = decomposes at 80°C (dihydrate) |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Solubility = <!-- 7.694 g/100 ml water someone confirm this--> |
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| Solubility = |
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| SolubleOther = slightly soluble in ]<ref name="hand"> |
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{{Citation |
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| last = Lide |
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| first = David R. |
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| author-link = |
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| first2 = |
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| author2-link = |
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| publication-date = |
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| date = |
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| year = 1998 |
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| title = Handbook of Chemistry and Physics |
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| edition = 87 |
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| volume = |
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| series = |
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| publication-place = Boca Raton, FL |
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| place = |
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| publisher = CRC Press |
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| id = |
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| isbn = 0-8493-0594-2 |
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| doi = |
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| oclc = |
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| pages = 3–566 |
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| url = |
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}}</ref> |
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}} |
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}} |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} |
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| ExternalMSDS = }} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|335|319}} |
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| GHS_ref=<ref>{{cite web |title=Praseodymium(3+) acetate |url=https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/165418#section=Safety-and-Hazards |website=pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov |access-date=30 March 2022 |language=en}}</ref> |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|261|264|264+265|271|280|302+352|304+340|305+351+338|319|321|332+317|337+317|362+364|403+233|405|501}} |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Uranyl acetate''' (UO<sub>2</sub>(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>2</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O) is the ] salt of ] and is a yellow ] solid made up of yellow rhombic ]s and has a slight acetic odor. Uranyl acetate is slightly radioactive, the precise radioactivity depends on the isotopes of uranium present. This compound is a ] derivative, and its use and possession are sanctioned by international law. |
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'''Praseodymium(III) acetate''' is an ] ] composed of a ] atom tri] and three ] groups as ]s. This compound commonly forms the dihydrate, Pr(O<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>·2H<sub>2</sub>O.<ref name="cry">{{cite journal |author1=Nakata, Kazuaki |author2=Hiroo, Katsu |author3=Takagi, Yoshito |title=Crystal Structures of Intermediate Products Appearing on the Way of Thermal Decomposition of Praseodymium (III) Acetate Dihydrate by X-ray Powder Diffraction |journal=Bulletin of Osaka Kyoiku University Division III: Natural Sciences |date=1996 |volume=44 |issue=2 |pages=153–162 |url=https://www.lib.osaka-kyoiku.ac.jp/?action=pages_view_main&active_action=v3search_view_main_init&op_param=words%3DCrystal%2520Structures%2520of%2520Intermediate%2520Products%2520Appearing%2520on%2520the%2520Way%2520of%2520Thermal%2520Decomposition%2520of%2520Praseodymium%2520(III)%2520Acetate%2520Dihydrate%2520by%2520X-ray%2520Powder%2520Diffraction%26sortkey%3D%26sorttype%3D%26listcnt%3D%26startpos%3D%26fromDsp%3Dcatsre%26searchDsp%3Dcatsre%26initFlg%3D_RESULT_SET%26hitcnt%3D%26searchsql%3D%26combsearch%3D%26searchhis%3D%26akey%3D%26fct_gcattp%3D%26fct_auth%3D%26fct_pub%3D%26fct_year%3D%26fct_cls%3D%26fct_sh%3D%26fct_lang%3D%26fct_holar%3D%26fct_campus%3D%26fct_tag%3D%26fct_range_year%3D%26fct_stamp%3D%26fct_user1%3D%26fct_user2%3D%26fct_user3%3D%26fct_user4%3D%26fct_user5%3D%26fct_holstat%3D&block_id=631&tab_num=0&search_mode=null#catdbl-TD00002811 |publisher=Osaka Kyoiku University |issn=0373-7411}}</ref> |
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==Production== |
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{{Expand section|date=March 2011}} |
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Commercial preparations of uranyl acetate are usually made from ] and are prepared by reacting metallic uranium with ]. |
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==Uses== |
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==Preparation== |
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Praseodymium(III) acetate can be formed by the reaction of ] and ]:<ref>{{cite journal | last1=Hall | first1=L. C. | last2=Flanigan | first2=D. A. | title=Polarography of Lanthanum(III), Praseodymium(III), and Ytterbium(III) in Anhydrous Ethylenediamine. | journal=Analytical Chemistry | publisher=American Chemical Society (ACS) | volume=35 | issue=13 | date=Dec 1, 1963 | issn=0003-2700 | doi=10.1021/ac60206a036 | pages=2108–2112}}</ref> |
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Uranyl acetate is extensively used as a negative stain in ]. Most procedures in electron microscopy for biology require the use of uranyl acetate. Negative staining protocols typically treat the sample with 1% to 5% aqueous solution. Uranyl acetate staining is simple and quick to perform and one can examine the sample within a few minutes after staining. Some biological samples are not amenable to uranyl acetate staining and, in these cases, alternative staining techniques and or ] technique may be more suitable. |
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:<math>\mathsf{6CH_3COOH + Pr_2O_3 \ \xrightarrow{T}\ 2Pr(CH_3COO)_3 + 3H_2O}</math> |
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1% and 2% uranyl acetate solutions are used as an ], and a ] in stronger concentrations in ], as it forms an insoluble salt with ] (the vast majority of sodium salts are water-soluble). Uranyl acetate solutions show evidence of being sensitive to light, especially UV, and will precipitate if exposed. |
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] and ] can also be used: |
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Uranyl acetate is also used in a standard test—American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials (AASHTO) Designation T 299—for ] in aggregates (crushed stone or gravel) being considered for use in cement concrete. |
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:<math>\mathsf{6CH_3COOH + Pr_2(CO_3)_3 \ \xrightarrow{T}\ 2Pr(CH_3COO)_3 + 3H_2O + 3CO_2}</math>↑ |
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==Safety== |
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:<math>\mathsf{6CH_3COOH + 2Pr(OH)_3 \ \xrightarrow{T}\ 2Pr(CH_3COO)_3 + 6H_2O}</math> |
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Uranyl acetate is both radioactive and toxic. Normal commercial stocks prepared from depleted uranium have a typical radioactivity of 0.37 - 0.51 µCi/g. This is a very mild level of radioactivity and is not sufficient to be harmful while the material remains external to the body. |
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==Structure== |
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Uranyl acetate is very toxic if ingested, inhaled as dust or by skin contact if skin is cut or abraded. The toxicity is due to the combined effect of chemical toxicity and mild radioactivity and there is a danger of cumulative effects from long term exposure. |
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According to ], anhydrous praseodymium acetate is a ]. Each Pr(III) center is nine-coordinate, with two bidentate acetate ligands and the remaining sites occupied by oxygens provided by bridging acetate ligands. The lanthanum and holmium compounds are isostructural.<ref name=Meyer>{{cite journal |doi=10.1002/zaac.19946200306 |date=1994 |volume=620 |issue=3 |last1=Lossin |first1=Adalbert |last2=Meyer |first2=Gerd |title=Pr(CH<sub>3</sub>COO)<sub>3</sub>, ein wasserfreies Selten-Erd-Acetat mit Netzwerkstruktur |journal=Zeitschrift für Anorganische und Allgemeine Chemie }}</ref> |
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==References== |
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==Decomposition== |
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When the dihydrate is heated, it decomposes to the anhydrous, which then decomposes into praseodymium(III) oxyacetate(PrO(O<sub>2</sub>C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>)) then to praseodymium(III) oxycarbonate, and at last to ].<ref name="cry" /> |
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{{reflist}} |
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==External links== |
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==See also== |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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* ] |
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== References == |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{Praseodymium compounds}} |
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{{Acetates}} |
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