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Revision as of 13:31, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,079 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 472375886 of page Quinoline_Yellow_WS for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: '').  Latest revision as of 20:31, 16 July 2024 edit حسن علي البط (talk | contribs)Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers19,940 edits removed Category:Indandiones; added Category:1,3-Indandiones using HotCat 
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{{Short description | "Mixture of water-soluble organic compounds from Quinoline Yellow dye"}}
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2023}}
{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 444080590
| Watchedfields = changed
⚫ | Reference = <ref></ref>
⚫ | verifiedrevid = 477001473
⚫ | Reference = <ref>{{Cite web|url=http://www.chemicalland21.com/specialtychem/finechem/QUINOLINE%20YELLOW%20WS.htm|title=QUINOLINE YELLOW WS (C.I. ACID YELLOW 3)|accessdate=30 June 2023}}</ref>
| ImageFile = Quinoline Yellow WS.svg | ImageFile = Quinoline Yellow WS.svg
| ImageSize = 200px | ImageSize =
| IUPACName = Sodium 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)quinolinedisulfonate | IUPACName = Sodium 2-(1,3-dioxoindan-2-yl)quinolinedisulfonate
| OtherNames = Food Yellow 13, D&C Yellow No. 10, Acid yellow 3, Quinidine Yellow KT, Japan Yellow 203, Lemon Yellow ZN 3, C.I. 47005 | OtherNames = {{Unbulleted list|C.I. Acid Yellow 3|Food Yellow 13|D&C Yellow No. 10|Acid yellow 3|Quinidine Yellow KT|Japan Yellow 203|Lemon Yellow ZN 3|C.I. 47005}}
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 23070 | ChemSpiderID = 23070
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} | UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 8004-92-0 | CASNo = 8004-92-0
⚫ | PubChem = 24671
| CASOther = &nbsp;
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
⚫ | PubChem = 24671
⚫ | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C18H11NO8S2.2Na/c20-17-11-3-1-2-4-12(11)18(21)15(17)13-6-5-9-7-10(28(22,23)24)8-14(16(9)19-13)29(25,26)27;;/h1-8,15H,(H,22,23,24)(H,25,26,27);;/q;2*+1/p-2 | StdInChI = 1S/C18H11NO8S2.2Na/c20-17-11-3-1-2-4-12(11)18(21)15(17)13-6-5-9-7-10(28(22,23)24)8-14(16(9)19-13)29(25,26)27;;/h1-8,15H,(H,22,23,24)(H,25,26,27);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = FZUOVNMHEAPVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L | StdInChIKey = FZUOVNMHEAPVBW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| SMILES = ..S(=O)(=O)c1cc(cc2ccc(nc12)C4C(=O)c3ccccc3C4=O)S()(=O)=O | SMILES = ..S(=O)(=O)c1cc(cc2ccc(nc12)C4C(=O)c3ccccc3C4=O)S()(=O)=O
| EINECS = 305-897-5 | EINECS = 305-897-5
}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5/8/11</sub>S<sub>1/2/3</sub>Na<sub>1/2/3</sub> | Formula = C<sub>18</sub>H<sub>13</sub>NO<sub>5/8/11</sub>S<sub>1/2/3</sub>Na<sub>1/2/3</sub>
| MolarMass = 477.38 g/mol | MolarMass = 477.38 g/mol
| Appearance = Greenish yellow powder | Appearance = Greenish yellow powder
| Density = | Density =
| MeltingPt = 150 °C (decomp.) | MeltingPtC = 150
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Solubility = 4 g/100 mL
| pKa = 1.8
⚫ }}
| Solubility = Soluble<ref> FAO {{dead link|date=June 2023}}</ref>
⚫ | Section3 = {{Chembox Hazards
| MainHazards = Harmful ('''Xn''')
| RPhrases = {{R22}}
| SPhrases = {{S24/25}}, {{S28}}, {{S37}}, {{S45}}
| Autoignition =
}} }}
⚫ |Section3={{Chembox Hazards
| Hazards_ref = <ref>{{cite web |title=Quinoline Yellow for microscopy (Hist.), mixture of mono- and disulfonic acid sodium salt |url=https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/AU/en/product/SIGMA/22680 |publisher=Sigma Aldrich}}</ref>
| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}}
| GHSSignalWord = Warning
| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|302}}
| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|270|301+312|501}}
| AutoignitionPt =
⚫ }}
}} }}

'''Quinoline Yellow WS''' is a mixture of ]s derived from the dye ] (spirit soluble). Owing to the presence of ] groups, the WS dyes are water-soluble (WS). It is a mixture of disulfonates (principally), monosulfonates and trisulfonates of 2-(2-quinolyl)indan-1,3-dione with a maximum absorption wavelength of 416&nbsp;nm.<ref>{{cite book|title=Guide to specifications for general notices: general analytical techniques, identification tests, test solutions, and other reference materials|url=https://archive.org/details/bub_gb_c5eGqo7OgVIC|year=1991|publisher=Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations|location=Rome|isbn=9789251029916|author=Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives|edition=Rev. 2 }}</ref><sup>p.&nbsp;119</sup>

==Uses==
Quinoline Yellow is used as a greenish yellow ] in certain countries, designated in Europe as the ] E104.<ref>"", Food Standards Agency website, retrieved 15 Dec 2011</ref> In the EU and Australia, Quinoline Yellow is permitted in beverages and is used in foods, like sauces, decorations, and coatings; Quinoline Yellow is not listed as a permitted food additive in Canada or the US, where it is permitted in medicines and cosmetics and is known as D&C Yellow 10.<ref name=EncycFoodSafety/>{{rp|461}} The ] does not list it.<ref name=EncycFoodSafety/>{{rp|461}}

==Health effects==
Quinoline Yellow WS has not been associated with any significant long-term toxicity, is not genotoxic or carcinogenic and there is no evidence of adverse effects on reproduction or development.<ref name=EncycFoodSafety>Abbey J, et at. Colorants. pp 459-465 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. {{ISBN|9780123786135}}</ref> Food colorants in general have been the subject of much scrutiny for their effect on health.<ref>Amchova, Petra; Kotolova, Hana; Ruda-Kucerova, Jana "Health safety issues of synthetic food colorants" ] (2015), 73(3), 914-922.{{doi|10.1016/j.yrtph.2015.09.026}}</ref>

=== Possible cause of hyperactivity ===
Since the 1970s and the well-publicized advocacy of ], there has been public concern that food colorings may cause ]-like behavior in children.<ref name=FDAdyecomm>FDA. </ref> These concerns have led the U.S. FDA and other food safety authorities to regularly review the scientific literature, and led the UK FSA to commission a study by researchers at the ] to assess the effect of a mixture of six food dyes (], ], ], Quinoline Yellow WS, ] and ] (dubbed the "Southampton 6")) and ] (a preservative) on children in the general population, who consumed them in beverages; the study published in 2007.<ref name=FDAdyecomm/><ref name=FSAguideline>Sarah Chapman of Chapman Technologies on behalf of Food Standards Agency in Scotland. March 2011 </ref> The study found "a possible link between the consumption of these artificial colours and a sodium benzoate preservative and increased hyperactivity" in the children;<ref name=FDAdyecomm/><ref name=FSAguideline/> the advisory committee to the FSA that evaluated the study also determined that because of study limitations, the results could not be extrapolated to the general population, and further testing was recommended".<ref name=FDAdyecomm/>

The European regulatory community, with a stronger emphasis on the ], required labelling and temporarily reduced the ] (ADI) for the food colorings; the UK FSA called for voluntary withdrawal of the colorings by food manufacturers.<ref name=FDAdyecomm/><ref name=FSAguideline/> However, in 2009 the EFSA re-evaluated the data at hand and determined that "the available scientific evidence does not substantiate a link between the color additives and behavioral effects".<ref name=FDAdyecomm/><ref name=EFSA2009QY>{{cite journal|last1=EFSA Panel on Food Additives and Nutrient Sources added to Food (ANS|title=Scientific Opinion on the re-evaluation of Quinoline Yellow (E 104) as a food additive|journal=EFSA Journal|date=November 2009|volume=7|issue=11|pages=1329|doi=10.2903/j.efsa.2009.1329|doi-access=free}}</ref> On the basis of other evidence the EFSA also reduced the ] (ADI) from 10 to 0.5&nbsp;mg/kg.<ref name=EFSA2009QY/>

The US FDA did not make changes following the publication of the Southampton study, but following a citizen petition filed by the ] in 2008, requesting the FDA ban several food additives, the FDA commenced a review of the available evidence, and still made no changes.<ref name=FDAdyecomm/>

No evidence supports broad claims that food coloring causes ] and ]-like behavior in children.<ref>Tomaska LD and Brooke-Taylor, S. ''Food Additives - General'' pp 449-454 in Encyclopedia of Food Safety, Vol 2: Hazards and Diseases. Eds, Motarjemi Y et al. Academic Press, 2013. {{ISBN|9780123786135}}</ref>{{rp|452}} It is possible that certain food coloring may act as a trigger in those who are genetically predisposed, but the evidence is weak.<ref name=FDAdyecomm/><ref name=Peds2012>{{cite journal |author=Millichap JG, Yee MM |title=The diet factor in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder|journal=Pediatrics |volume=129 |issue=2 | pages=330–337 |date=February 2012 |pmid=22232312|doi=10.1542/peds.2011-2199 |s2cid=14925322}}</ref>

==References==
{{Reflist}}

==External links==
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Quinoline Yellow Ws}}
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Misplaced Pages:WikiProject Chemicals/Chembox validation/VerifiedDataSandbox and Quinoline Yellow WS: Difference between pages Add topic