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Revision as of 12:31, 6 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 458474524 of page Radium_chloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo').		Latest revision as of 19:43, 22 November 2024 edit Keresluna (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users4,071 edits size change
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	{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
	{{chembox		{{chembox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
	| verifiedrevid = 451980737
			| Watchedfields = changed
	| Name = Radium chloride
			| verifiedrevid = 464379743
	| ImageFile = Radium Chloride.png
			| Name = Radium chloride
	| ImageSize = 120px
			| ImageFile = US_radium_standard_1927.jpg
	| ImageName = Radium Chloride
			| ImageCaption1 = An ampoule containing radium chloride
	| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
			| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers
	| InChI = 1/2ClH.Ra/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
			|InChI = 1/2ClH.Ra/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
	| InChIKey = RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-NUQVWONBAG
			|InChIKey = RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-NUQVWONBAG
	| SMILES = ..
			|SMILES = ClCl
	| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
			|StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Ra/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
			|StdInChI = 1S/2ClH.Ra/h2*1H;/q;;+2/p-2
	| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
			|StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
	| StdInChIKey = RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
			|StdInChIKey = RWRDJVNMSZYMDV-UHFFFAOYSA-L
	| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
			|CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}}
	| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 10025-66-8 -->
			|CASNo = 10025-66-8
	| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
			|EINECS = 233-035-7
	| ChemSpiderID=20138060
			|UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
	}}
			|UNII = KKO873WR2Z
	| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
			|ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
	| Formula = RaCl<sub>2</sub>
			|ChemSpiderID =20138060
	| MolarMass = 296.094 g/mol
	| Solubility = 19.6 g/100 mL (20 °C)
	| MeltingPt = }}
	}}		}}
			| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
			|Appearance = Colorless solid, glows blue-green{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=5}}
			|Formula = {{chem2|RaCl2}}
			|Density = 4.9&nbsp;g/cm<sup>3</sup>{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=5}}
			|MolarMass = 296.094&nbsp;g/mol
			|Solubility = 245&nbsp;g/L (20&nbsp;°C){{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=6}}
			|MeltingPtC = 900
			|MeltingPt_ref = {{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=5}}
			}}
			| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards
			|MainHazards = radioactive, highly toxic, corrosive
			|GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}}
			|HPhrases = {{H-phrases|300|310|330|350|370|373|410}}
			|NFPA-H = 4
			|NFPA-F = 0
			|NFPA-R = 1
			|NFPA-S = RA}}
			| Section8 = {{Chembox Related
			|OtherAnions = ]
			|OtherCations = ]<br>]<br>]<br>]<br>]
			|OtherFunction_label =
			}}
			}}
			'''Radium chloride''' is an ] with the ] {{chem2|RaCl2|auto=1}}. It is a ] salt of ]. It was the first ] ] isolated in a pure state. ] and ] used it in their original separation of radium from ]. The first preparation of radium metal was by the ] of a solution of this salt using a mercury cathode.<ref>{{Cite journal |title=RADIOACTIVITÉ. Sur le radium métallique. Note de Mme P. CURIE et M. A. DEBIERNE |trans-title=RADIOACTIVITY. On metallic radium. Note by Mrs. P. CURIE and Mr. A. DEBIERNE |last1=Curie |first1=Marie |author-link1=Marie Curie |last2=Debierne |first2=André-Louis |author-link2=André-Louis Debierne |journal=] |date=5 September 1910 |access-date=22 November 2024 |url=https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k31042/f523 |volume=151 |pages=523–25 |language=fr}}</ref>{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=3}}
			==Preparation==
			Radium chloride crystallises from aqueous solution as the ]. The dihydrate is dehydrated by heating to 100&nbsp;°C in air for one hour followed by 5.5 hours at 520&nbsp;°C under ].<ref>{{cite journal|author1=Weigel, F. |author2=Trinkl, A. |year=1968|title=Crystal Chemistry of Radium. I. Radium Halides|journal=Radiochimica Acta|volume=9|pages=36–41|doi=10.1524/ract.1968.9.1.36 |s2cid=201843329 }}</ref> If the presence of other anions is suspected, the dehydration may be effectuated by fusion under ].<ref>{{cite journal | doi =10.1002/zaac.19342210113 | title =Revision des Atomgewichtes des Radiums | year =1934 | last1 =Hönigschmid| first1 =O. | last2 =Sachtleben | first2 =R. | journal =Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie | volume =221 | pages =65–82}}</ref>
			Radium chloride can also be prepared by heating radium bromide in a flow of dry ] gas. It can be produced by treating radium carbonate with hydrochloric acid.
			==Properties==
			Radium chloride is a colorless salt with a blue-green ], especially when heated. Its color gradually changes to yellow with aging, whereas contamination by barium may impart a rose tint.{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=5}} It is less soluble in water than other ] chlorides – at 25&nbsp;°C its solubility is 245&nbsp;g/L whereas that of ] is 307 g/L, and the difference is even larger in hydrochloric acid solutions. This property is used in the first stages of the separation of radium from ] by ].{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=6}} Radium chloride is only sparingly soluble in ] ] and virtually insoluble in concentrated hydrochloric acid.<ref>{{cite journal | doi = 10.1002/cber.19300630120 | title = Löslichkeits-Bestimmungen einiger Radiumsalze | year = 1930 | last1 = Erbacher | first1 = Otto | journal = Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft (A and B Series) | volume = 63 | pages = 141–156}}</ref>
			Gaseous {{chem2|RaCl2}} shows strong absorptions in the visible spectrum at 676.3&nbsp;] and 649.8&nbsp;nm (red): the ] of the radium–chlorine bond is estimated as 2.9&nbsp;],<ref>Lagerqvist, A. (1953). ''Arkiv Fisik'' '''6''':141–42.</ref> and its ] as 292&nbsp;].<ref>Karapet'yants, M. Kh.; Ch'ing, Ling-T'ing (1960). ''Zh. Strukt. Khim.'' '''1''':277–85; ''J. Struct. Chem. (USSR)'' '''1''':255–63.</ref>
			Contrary to diamagnetic barium chloride, radium chloride is weakly ] with a ] of 1.05{{e|6}}. Its ] is red.{{r|KirbySalutsky1964|p=5}}
			==Uses==
			Radium chloride is still used for the initial stages of the separation of radium from barium during the extraction of radium from ]. The large quantities of material involved (to extract a gram of pure radium metal, about 7 tonnes of pitchblende is required) favour this less costly (but less efficient) method over those based on ] or ] (used for the later stages of the separation).
			It was also used in ] to produce ] gas which in turn was used as a ] ] treatment.<ref>{{Cite journal | doi = 10.1001/archderm.1975.01630180085013 | last1 = Goldstein | first1 = N. | title = Radon seed implants. Residual radioactivity after 33 years | journal = Archives of Dermatology | volume = 111 | issue = 6 | pages = 757–759 | year = 1975 | pmid = 1137421}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Winston|first=P.|title=Carcinoma of the Trachea Treated by Radon Seed Implantation|journal=The Journal of Laryngology & Otology|date=June 1958|volume=72|issue=6|pages=496–499|doi=10.1017/S0022215100054232|pmid=13564019|s2cid=36790323 }}</ref>
			Radium-223 dichloride (], radium chloride Ra 223), tradename Xofigo (formerly Alpharadin), is an alpha-emitting ]. ] received FDA approval for this drug to treat ] osteoblastic bone metastases in May 2013. Radium-223 chloride is one of the most potent ((antineoplastic drugs)) known.{{citation needed|date=December 2013}} One dose (50 kBq/kg) in an adult is about 60 nanograms; this amount is 1/1000 the weight of an eyelash (75 micrograms).
			==References==
			{{reflist|35em|refs=
			<ref name=KirbySalutsky1964>{{cite report |last1=Kirby |first1=H. W. |last2=Salutsky |first2=Murrell L. |title=The Radiochemistry of Radium |date=December 1964 |url=https://sgp.fas.org/othergov/doe/lanl/lib-www/books/rc000041.pdf |publisher=Subcommittee on Radiochemistry, ] |docket=NAS-NS-3057 |doi=10.2172/4560824 |osti=4560824}}</ref>
			}}
			==Bibliography==
			*''Gmelins Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie (8. Aufl.)'', Berlin:Verlag Chemie, 1928, pp.&nbsp;60–61.
			*{{Cite book |last1=Weigel |first1=Fritz |author-link=:de:Fritz Weigel |url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Lmg6AQAAIAAJ&q=%22radium+chloride%22 |title=Gmelin Handbuch der anorganischen Chemie (8. Aufl. 2. Ergänzungsband) |series=] |edition=8th |date=1977 |publisher=Springer |location=Berlin |isbn=978-3-540-93335-9 |page=362–364 |language=en}}
			{{Radium compounds}}
			{{Chlorides}}
			]
			]
			]