| Revision as of 13:24, 15 February 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 472458330 of page Selenium_tetrafluoride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 17:31, 27 November 2023 edit OAbot (talk | contribs)Bots441,761 editsm Open access bot: doi updated in citation with #oabot. |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
|
|
{{chembox |
|
{{chembox |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
| Verifiedfields = changed |
|
|
| Watchedfields = changed |
|
| verifiedrevid = 464388665 |
|
|
|
| verifiedrevid = 477000495 |
|
| ImageFile = Selenium-tetrafluoride-gas-3D-balls.png |
|
| ImageFile = Selenium-tetrafluoride-gas-3D-balls.png |
|
| ImageSize = 200 px |
|
| ImageSize = |
|
| IUPACName = |
|
| IUPACName = |
|
| OtherNames = |
|
| OtherNames = |
|
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 109914 |
|
| ChemSpiderID = 109914 |
|
| InChI = 1/F4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
|
| InChI = 1/F4Se/c1-5(2,3)4 |
| Line 16: |
Line 16: |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChIKey = PMOBWAXBGUSOPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
| StdInChIKey = PMOBWAXBGUSOPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 13465-66-2 --> |
|
| CASNo = 13465-66-2 |
|
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
|
| PubChem = 123311 |
|
|
|
| UNII = 73U0ARO564 |
|
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
|
|
| PubChem = 123311 |
|
|
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
|
| ChEBI = 30435 |
|
| ChEBI = 30435 |
|
| SMILES = F(F)(F)F |
|
| SMILES = F(F)(F)F |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
|
| Formula = SeF<sub>4</sub> |
|
| Formula = SeF<sub>4</sub> |
|
| MolarMass = 154.954 g/mol |
|
| MolarMass = 154.954 g/mol |
|
| Appearance = colourless liquid |
|
| Appearance = colourless liquid |
|
| Density = 2.77 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
| Density = 2.77 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
|
| MeltingPt = -13.2 °C |
|
| MeltingPtC = -13.2 |
|
|
| MeltingPt_notes = |
|
| BoilingPt = 101 °C |
|
|
| Solubility = |
|
| BoilingPtC = 101 |
|
|
| BoilingPt_notes = |
|
|
| Solubility = |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
|
| MainHazards = |
|
| MainHazards = |
|
| FlashPt = |
|
| FlashPt = |
|
| Autoignition = |
|
| AutoignitionPt = |
|
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| {{NFPA 704}} |
|
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
| NFPA-F = ? |
|
| NFPA-R = 2 |
|
| NFPA-R = 2 |
|
| NFPA-S = W |
|
| NFPA-O = W |
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
|Section8={{Chembox Related |
|
| OtherAnions = ], ], ] |
|
| OtherAnions = ], ], ] |
|
| OtherCations = ], ] |
|
| OtherCations = ], ] |
|
| OtherCpds = ], ] |
|
| OtherCompounds = ], ] |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
'''Selenium tetrafluoride''' (]]) is an ]. It is a colourless liquid that reacts readily with water. It can be used as a fluorinating reagent in organic syntheses (fluorination of alcohols, carboxylic acids or carbonyl compounds) and has advantages over sulfur tetrafluoride in that milder conditions can be employed and it is a liquid rather than a gas. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Synthesis== |
|
|
The first reported synthesis of selenium tetrafluoride was by ] in 1907, who treated ] with ]:<ref>{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Action of Fluorine on Selenium Tetrafluoride of Selenium |
|
|
| author = ] |
|
|
| journal = Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences de Paris |
|
|
| year = 1907 |
|
|
| volume = 144 |
|
|
| issue = |
|
|
| pages = 1042 |
|
|
| doi = |
|
|
}}</ref> |
|
|
:Se + 2 F<sub>2</sub> → SeF<sub>4</sub> |
|
|
A synthesis involving more easily handled reagents entails the fluorination of ] with ]:<ref>Konrad Seppelt, Dieter Lentz, Gerhard Klöter "Selenium Tetrafluoride, Selenium Difluoride Oxide (Seleninyl Fluoride), and Xenon Bis" ''Inorg. Synth.'', 1987, vol. 24, 27-31. {{doi|10.1002/9780470132555.ch9}}</ref> |
|
|
:SF<sub>4</sub> + SeO<sub>2</sub> → SeF<sub>4</sub> + SO<sub>2</sub> |
|
|
An intermediate in this reaction is seleninyl fluoride (SeOF<sub>2</sub>). |
|
|
|
|
|
Other methods of preparation include fluorinating elemental selenium with ]: |
|
|
:3 Se + 4 ClF<sub>3</sub> → 3 SeF<sub>4</sub> + 2 Cl<sub>2</sub> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Structure and bonding== |
|
|
Selenium in SeF<sub>4</sub> has an oxidation state of +4. Its shape in the gaseous phase is similar to that of SF<sub>4</sub>, having a see-saw shape. ] predicts a pseudo-trigonal pyramidal disposition of the five electron pairs around the selenium atom. The axial Se-F bonds are 177 ] with an F-Se-F bond angle of 169.2°. The two other fluorine atoms are attached by shorter bonds (168 pm), with an F-Se-F bond angle of 100.6°. In solution at low concentrations this monomeric structure predominates, but at higher concentrations evidence suggests weak association between SeF<sub>4</sub> molecules leading to a distorted octahedral coordination around the selenium atom. In the solid the selenium center also has a distorted octahedral environment. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Reactions== |
|
|
In ], SeF<sub>4</sub> behaves as a weak base, weaker than ], SF<sub>4</sub> (K<sub>b</sub>= 2 X 10<sup>−2</sup>): |
|
|
:SeF<sub>4</sub> + HF → SeF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> + HF<sub>2</sub><sup>−</sup>; (K<sub>b</sub> = 4 X 10<sup>−4</sup>) |
|
|
|
|
|
Ionic adducts containing the SeF<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup> cation are formed with SbF<sub>5</sub>, AsF<sub>5</sub>, NbF<sub>5</sub>, TaF<sub>5</sub>, and BF<sub>3</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Selenium tetrafluoride adducts. II. Adducts with boron trifluoride and some pentafluorides |
|
|
| author1 = R. J. Gillespie |
|
|
| author2 = A. Whitla |
|
|
| journal = Can. J. Chem. |
|
|
| year = 1970 |
|
|
| volume = 48 |
|
|
| issue = 4 |
|
|
| pages = 657–663 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1139/v70-106 |
|
|
| doi-access = free |
|
|
}}</ref> |
|
|
With ], CsF, the SeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> anion is formed, which has a square pyramidal structure similar to the isoelectronic ], ClF<sub>5</sub> and ], BrF<sub>5</sub>.<ref>{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Vibrational Spectra and Force Constants of the Square-Pyramidal Anions SF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup>, SeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup>, and TeF<sub>5</sub><sup>−</sup> |
|
|
|author1=K. O. Christe |author2=E. C. Curtis |author3=C. J. Schack |author4=D. Pilipovich | journal = Inorganic Chemistry |
|
|
| year = 1972 |
|
|
| volume = 11 |
|
|
| issue = 7 |
|
|
| pages = 1679–1682 |
|
|
| doi =10.1021/ic50113a046 |
|
|
}}</ref> |
|
|
With 1,1,3,3,5,5-hexamethylpiperidinium fluoride or 1,2-dimethylpropyltrimethylammonium fluoride, the SeF<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> anion is formed. This has a distorted octahedral shape which contrasts to the regular octahedral shape of the analogous SeCl<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup>. |
|
|
<ref>{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Reactions of the Naked Fluoride Ion: Syntheses and Structures of SeF<sub>6</sub><sup>2−</sup> and BrF<sub>6</sub><sup>−</sup> |
|
|
|author1=Ali Reza Mahjoub |author2=Xiongzhi Zhang |author3=Konrad Seppelt | journal = Chemistry: A European Journal |
|
|
| year = 1995 |
|
|
| volume = 1 |
|
|
| issue = 4 |
|
|
| pages = 261–265 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1002/chem.19950010410 |
|
|
| doi-access = free}}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==References== |
|
|
{{reflist}} |
|
|
{{refbegin}} |
|
|
* ''Selenium: Inorganic Chemistry'' Krebs. B., Bonmann S., Eidenschink I.; Encyclopedia of Inorganic Chemistry (1994) John Wiley and Sons {{ISBN|0-471-93620-0}} |
|
|
{{refend}} |
|
|
<!-- *{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = On selenium tetrafluoride |
|
|
|author1=Edmund Brydges Rudhall Prideaux |author2=Charles Beresford Cox |
|
|
|name-list-style=amp | journal = ] |
|
|
| year = 1928 |
|
|
| pages = 1603 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1039/JR9280001603 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
*{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = The preparation and properties of selenium tetrafluoride and oxyfluoride |
|
|
| author = E. E. Aynsley, R. D. Peacock and P. L. Robinson |
|
|
| journal = ] |
|
|
| year = 1952 |
|
|
| volume = |
|
|
| issue = |
|
|
| pages = 1231 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1039/JR9520001231 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
*{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Some properties of selenium tetrafluoride |
|
|
| author = R. D. Peacock |
|
|
| journal = ] |
|
|
| year = 1953 |
|
|
| volume = |
|
|
| issue = |
|
|
| pages = 3617 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1039/JR9530003617 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
*{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Structure of Selenium Tetrafluoride |
|
|
| author = H. J. M. Bowen |
|
|
| journal = ] |
|
|
| year = 1953 |
|
|
| volume = 172 |
|
|
| issue = 4369 |
|
|
| pages = 131–172 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1038/172171a0 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
*{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Structure of Selenium Tetrafluoride |
|
|
| author = F. Lachman |
|
|
| journal = ] |
|
|
| year = 1953 |
|
|
| volume = 172 |
|
|
| issue = 4376 |
|
|
| pages = 467–510 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1038/172499a0 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
*{{cite journal |
|
|
| title = Investigation by electron diffraction of the molecular structures of sulphur hexafluoride, sulphur tetrafluoride, selenium hexafluoride and selenium tetrafluoride |
|
|
|author1=V. C. Ewing |author2=L. E. Sutton | journal = Transactions of the Faraday Society |
|
|
| year = 1963 |
|
|
| volume = 59 |
|
|
| issue = |
|
|
| pages = 1241 |
|
|
| doi = 10.1039/TF9635901241 |
|
|
}} |
|
|
--> |
|
|
|
|
|
==See also== |
|
|
*] |
|
|
*] |
|
|
*] |
|
|
|
|
|
==External links== |
|
|
* |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Selenium compounds}} |
|
|
{{fluorine compounds}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |