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Revision as of 15:50, 6 December 2011 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 459727043 of page Sodium_periodate for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: '').  Latest revision as of 08:21, 24 October 2024 edit Graeme Bartlett (talk | contribs)Administrators249,755 edits label 
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}}
{{Chembox {{Chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 444111459
| Watchedfields = changed
| ImageFile = Sodium periodate.png
| verifiedrevid = 464402875
| ImageFile = Sodium metaperiodate.svg
| ImageSize = 150px | ImageSize = 150px
| IUPACName = Sodium periodate | IUPACName = Sodium periodate
| OtherNames = Sodium metaperiodate | OtherNames = Sodium metaperiodate
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| index_label=meta
| index1_label=para
| index2_label=ortho
| index3_label=trihydrogen
| Abbreviations = | Abbreviations =
| InChI = 1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 | InChI = 1/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey = JQWHASGSAFIOCM-REWHXWOFAO | InChIKey = JQWHASGSAFIOCM-REWHXWOFAO
| InChI1 = 1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
| InChIKey1 = JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| CASNo = 7790-28-5 | CASNo = 7790-28-5
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo1 = 13940-38-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo3 = 15599-97-0
| EC_number3 = 239-681-6
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 98W4A29X43
| EINECS = 232-197-6 | EINECS = 232-197-6
| EC_number1 = 237-720-1
| PubChem = 65184
| PubChem = 23667635
| PubChem1 = 9796123
| PubChem2 = 21982945
| PubChem3 = 22765006
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} | ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 58683 | ChemSpiderID = 58683
| ChemSpiderID1 = 7971889
| ChemSpiderID3 = 129318857
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M | StdInChIKey = JQWHASGSAFIOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M
| SMILES = I(=O)(=O)=O. | SMILES = I(=O)(=O)=O.
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} | StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI =1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1 | StdInChI = 1S/HIO4.Na/c2-1(3,4)5;/h(H,2,3,4,5);/q;+1/p-1
| RTECS = SD4550000 | RTECS = SD4550000
| MeSHName = | MeSHName =
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} | ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}}
| ChEBI = | ChEBI = 75226
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} | KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = | KEGG =
| QID1 = Q4161310
| ATCCode_prefix =
| QID3 = Q17388101
| ATCCode_suffix =
| InChI1=1S/H5IO6.3Na/c2-1(3,4,5,6)7;;;/h(H5,2,3,4,5,6,7);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
| ATC_Supplemental =}}
| InChIKey1 = DSYMXPNUZLZKOA-UHFFFAOYSA-K
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties
| SMILES1 = OI(=O)(O)()()...
| Formula = NaIO4
| InChI2=1S/H5IO6.5Na/c2-1(3,4,5,6)7;;;;;/h(H5,2,3,4,5,6,7);;;;;/q;5*+1/p-5
| InChIKey2 = RAJUJHHGBPSUAC-UHFFFAOYSA-I
| SMILES2 = I(=O)()()().....
| InChI3=1S/H5IO6.2Na/c2-1(3,4,5,6)7;;/h(H5,2,3,4,5,6,7);;/q;2*+1/p-2
| InChIKey3 = PEPDKRLBEGSBRW-UHFFFAOYSA-L
| SMILES3 = OI(=O)(O)(O)()..
}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = NaIO<sub>4</sub>
| MolarMass = 213.8918 g/mol | MolarMass = 213.8918 g/mol
| Appearance = | Appearance = white crystals
| Density = 3.865 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | Density = 3.865 g/cm<sup>3</sup> (anhydrous) <br> 3/210 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| MeltingPt = 300 °C | MeltingPt = {{convert|300|C|F K}} (anhydrous) <br>{{convert|175|C|F K}} (trihydrate)
| MeltingPt_notes = (decomposes)
| Melting_notes =
| BoilingPt = | BoilingPt =
| Boiling_notes = | BoilingPt_notes =
| Solubility = 91 g/L<ref name="GESTIS">{{GESTIS|Name=Natriumperiodat|ZVG=490496|CAS=7790-28-5|Date=2018-01-08}}</ref>
| Solubility = soluble
| SolubleOther = | SolubleOther = soluble in acids
| Solvent = | Solvent =
| pKa = | pKa =
| pKb = }} | pKb =
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = tetragonal (anhydrous) <br> trigonal (trihydrate)
| ExternalMSDS =
}}
| EUClass =
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| EUIndex =
| ExternalSDS =
| MainHazards = | MainHazards =
| NFPA-H = 2 | NFPA-H = 2
| NFPA-F = 0 | NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0 | NFPA-R = 3
| NFPA-O = | NFPA-S = ox
| RPhrases = | HPhrases =
| SPhrases = | PPhrases =
| RSPhrases = | GHS_ref =
| FlashPt = | FlashPt =
| Autoignition = | AutoignitionPt =
| ExploLimits = | ExploLimits =
| PEL = }} | PEL =
}}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Related |Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherAnions = ], ] | OtherAnions = ], ]
| OtherCations = ] }} | OtherCations = ], ]}}
}} }}
'''Sodium periodate''' is an ] salt, composed of a ] ] and the ] ]. It may also be regarded as the sodium ] of ]. Like many periodates, it can exist in two different forms: '''sodium ''meta''periodate''' (formula‍&nbsp;NaIO<sub>4</sub>) and '''sodium ''ortho''periodate''' (normally Na<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>, but sometimes the fully reacted salt Na<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>). Both salts are useful oxidising agents.<ref>Andrew G. Wee, Jason Slobodian, Manuel A. Fernández-Rodríguez and Enrique Aguilar "Sodium Periodate" ''e-EROS Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis'' 2006. {{doi|10.1002/047084289X.rs095.pub2}}</ref>

==Preparation==
Classically, periodate was produced in the form of sodium hydrogen periodate ({{chem2|Na3H2IO6}}).<ref name=Brauer /> This commercially available, but can also be produced by the oxidation of ]s with ] and ].<ref name=Brauer>{{cite book|author=M. Schmeisser|chapter=Periodic acid|title=Handbook of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, 2nd Ed. |editor=G. Brauer|publisher=Academic Press|year=1963|place=NY,NY|volume=2pages=323}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal|last=Hill|first=Arthur E.|title=Ternary Systems. VII. The Periodates of the Alkali Metals|journal=Journal of the American Chemical Society|date=October 1928|volume=50|issue=10|pages=2678–2692|doi=10.1021/ja01397a013}}</ref> Or, similarly, from ]s by oxidation with ] and sodium hydroxide:

:{{chem2| NaIO3 + Cl2 + 4 NaOH -> Na3H2IO6 + 2NaCl + H2O}}
:{{chem2|NaI + 4 Br2 + 10 NaOH -> Na3H2IO6 + 8 NaBr + 4 H2O}}

Modern industrial scale production involves the ] oxidation of iodates, on a ] ({{chem2|PbO2}}) anode, with the following ]:

:{{chem2|H5IO6 + H+ + 2e- -> IO3- + 3 H2O}}{{spaces|5}}{{nowrap|1=] = 1.6 V}}<ref>{{cite book|last=Parsons|first=Roger|title=Handbook of electrochemical constants|url=https://archive.org/details/ost-chemistry-parsons-handbookofelectrochemicalconstants|year=1959|publisher=Butterworths Scientific Publications Ltd|page=}}</ref>

Sodium metaperiodate can be prepared by the dehydration of sodium hydrogen periodate with ].

:{{chem2|Na3H2IO6 + 2 HNO3 -> NaIO4 + 2 NaNO3 + 2 H2O}}

==Structure==
Sodium metaperiodate (NaIO<sub>4</sub>) forms ] crystals (] ''I''4<sub>1</sub>/<sub>a</sub>) consisting of slightly distorted {{chem|IO|4|−}} ions with average I–O bond distances of 1.775&nbsp;Å; the Na<sup>+</sup> ions are surrounded by 8 oxygen atoms at distances of 2.54 and 2.60&nbsp;Å.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Kálmán|first=A.|author2=Cruickshank, D. W. J. |title=Refinement of the structure of NaIO<sub>4</sub>|journal=Acta Crystallographica Section B|date=15 November 1970|volume=26|issue=11|pages=1782–1785|doi=10.1107/S0567740870004880|bibcode=1970AcCrB..26.1782K }}</ref>

Sodium hydrogen periodate (Na<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>) forms ] crystals (space group Pnnm). Iodine and sodium atoms are both surrounded by an octahedral arrangement of 6 oxygen atoms; however the NaO<sub>6</sub> octahedron is strongly distorted. IO<sub>6</sub> and NaO<sub>6</sub> groups are linked via common vertices and edges.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Jansen|first=Martin|author2=Rehr, Anette |title=Na<sub>2</sub>H<sub>3</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>, eine Variante der Markasitstruktur|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|date=1988|volume=567|issue=1|pages=95–100|doi=10.1002/zaac.19885670111|language=de}}</ref>

] indicates that Na<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub> crystallises in the ] system (space group C2/m).<ref>{{cite journal|last=Betz|first=T.|author2=Hoppe, R. |title=Über Perrhenate. 2. Zur Kenntnis von Li<sub>5</sub>ReO<sub>6</sub> und Na<sub>5</sub>ReO<sub>6</sub> – mit einer Bemerkung über Na<sub>5</sub>IO<sub>6</sub>|journal=Zeitschrift für anorganische und allgemeine Chemie|date=May 1984|volume=512|issue=5|pages=19–33|doi=10.1002/zaac.19845120504|language=de}}</ref>

==Uses==
{{further|Periodate#Reactions}}
<!--seems rather specialized and unrefed Sodium periodate is used to oxidize ] and create a ] and ] ] that can be used as ], as a ] for ], or for ].-->

Sodium periodate can be used in solution to open saccharide rings between ] leaving two aldehyde groups. This process is often used in labeling saccharides with fluorescent molecules or other tags such as ]. Because the process requires vicinal diols, periodate oxidation is often used to selectively label the 3′-ends of ] (] has vicinal diols) instead of ] as ] does not have vicinal diols.

NaIO<sub>4</sub> is used in ] to cleave ]s to produce two ]s.<ref>{{cite book|last=McMurry|first=John|title=Organic chemistry|publisher=Brooks/Cole Cengage Learning|location=Singapore|isbn=9780840054531|pages=285–286|edition=8th ed., }}</ref>

]

In 2013 the ] announced that it would replace environmentally harmful chemicals ] and ] with sodium metaperiodate for use in their ].<ref>{{cite web|title=Picatinny to remove tons of toxins from lethal rounds|url=http://www.army.mil/article/109769/Picatinny_to_remove_tons_of_toxins_from_lethal_rounds/|publisher=U.S. Army|access-date=31 October 2013}}</ref>

==See also==
* ] - also effective for diol cleavage via the ]

==References==
{{reflist}}

*See Fatiadi, ''Synthesis'' (1974) 229–272 for a review of periodate chemistry.

{{Sodium compounds}}
{{Periodates}}

{{DEFAULTSORT:Sodium Periodate}}
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