| Revision as of 14:09, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{drugbox}} taken from revid 456598474 of page Trilostane for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'DrugBank', 'ChEMBL', 'CAS_number'). |
Latest revision as of 02:03, 29 August 2024 edit Whywhenwhohow (talk | contribs)Autopatrolled, Extended confirmed users, Pending changes reviewers49,178 edits add ref |
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{{Short description|Chemical compound}} |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|drugbox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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{{Use dmy dates|date=June 2024}} |
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{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}} |
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{{Drugbox |
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{{Drugbox |
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| Verifiedfields = changed |
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| Verifiedfields = verified |
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| verifiedrevid = 470614898 |
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| Watchedfields = changed |
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| verifiedrevid = 402696562 |
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| IUPAC_name = (4α,5α,17β)-3,17-dihydroxy-4,5-epoxyandrost-2-ene-2-carbonitrile |
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| image = Trilostane.svg |
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| image = Trilostane.svg |
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| width = 250 |
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| alt = |
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<!--Clinical data--> |
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<!-- Clinical data --> |
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| tradename = |
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| tradename = Vetoryl, others |
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| Drugs.com = {{drugs.com|monograph|tigan}} |
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| Drugs.com = |
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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A / B1 / B2 / B3 / C / D / X --> |
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| pregnancy_AU = <!-- A, B1, B2, B3, C, D, X --> |
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| routes_of_administration = ]<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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| pregnancy_US = <!-- A / B / C / D / X --> |
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| ATC_prefix = H02 |
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| legal_AU = <!-- Unscheduled / S2 / S4 / S8 --> |
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| legal_UK = POM |
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| ATC_suffix = CA01 |
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| ATC_supplemental = {{ATCvet|H02|CA01}} |
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| legal_status = Veterinary use<small> (U.S.)</small> |
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| routes_of_administration = oral |
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<!-- Legal status --> |
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| legal_AU = <!-- S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7, S8, S9 or Unscheduled --> |
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| legal_AU_comment = |
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| legal_BR = <!-- OTC, A1, A2, A3, B1, B2, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5, D1, D2, E, F --> |
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| legal_BR_comment = |
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| legal_CA = Rx-only |
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| legal_CA_comment = |
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| legal_DE = <!-- Anlage I, II, III or Unscheduled --> |
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| legal_DE_comment = |
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| legal_NZ = <!-- Class A, B, C --> |
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| legal_NZ_comment = |
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| legal_UK = <!-- GSL, P, POM, CD, CD Lic, CD POM, CD No Reg POM, CD (Benz) POM, CD (Anab) POM or CD Inv POM / Class A, B, C --> |
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| legal_UK_comment = |
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| legal_US = Rx-only |
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| legal_US_comment = |
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| legal_EU = Rx-only |
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| legal_EU_comment = <ref name="Trilocur EPAR" /><ref name="Trilorale EPAR" /><ref>{{cite web | title=Trilorale Product information | website=Union Register of veterinary medicinal products | date=7 May 2024 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v313.htm | access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Trilocur Product information | website=Union Register of veterinary medicinal products | date=7 May 2024 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v312.htm | access-date=29 August 2024}}</ref> |
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| legal_UN = <!-- N I, II, III, IV / P I, II, III, IV --> |
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| legal_UN_comment = |
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| legal_status = <!-- For countries not listed above --> |
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<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
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<!--Pharmacokinetic data--> |
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| bioavailability = |
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| metabolism = Hepatic |
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| protein_bound = |
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| elimination_half-life = 8 hours |
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| metabolism = ] |
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| metabolites = 17-Ketotrilostane<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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| elimination_half-life = Trilostane: 1.2 hours<ref name="pmid17109615" /><br />17-Ketotrilostane: 1.2 hours<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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| excretion = |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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<!--Identifiers--> |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CAS_number_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CAS_number = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 13647-35-3 --> |
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| CAS_number = 13647-35-3 |
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| ATC_prefix = H02 |
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| ATC_suffix = CA01 |
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| PubChem = 656583 |
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| PubChem = 656583 |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| DrugBank_Ref = {{drugbankcite|correct|drugbank}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 570949 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 570949 |
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| IUPHAR_ligand = 6850 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = L0FPV48Q5R |
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| UNII = L0FPV48Q5R |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|changed|kegg}} |
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| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}} |
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| KEGG = D01180 |
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| KEGG = D01180 |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEBI = 32260 |
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| ChEBI = 32260 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|changed|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 1200907 --> |
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| ChEMBL = 1200907 |
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| synonyms = WIN-24,540; 4α,5-Epoxy-3,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile |
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<!--Chemical data--> |
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| IUPAC_name = (1''S'',2''R'',6''R'',8''S'',11''S'',12''S'',15''S'',16''S'')-5,15-dihydroxy-2,16-dimethyl-7-oxapentacyclooctadec-4-ene-4-carbonitrile |
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| C=20 | H=27 | N=1 | O=3 |
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| C=20 | H=27 | N=1 | O=3 |
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| SMILES = N#C\C4=C(/O)5O35(2(1((O)CC1)(C)CC2)CC3)(C)C4 |
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| molecular_weight = 329.433 g/mol |
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| smiles = N#C\C4=C(/O)5O35(2(1((O)CC1)(C)CC2)CC3)(C)C4 |
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| InChI = 1/C20H27NO3/c1-18-7-6-14-12(13(18)3-4-15(18)22)5-8-20-17(24-20)16(23)11(10-21)9-19(14,20)2/h12-15,17,22-23H,3-9H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,17+,18-,19+,20+/m0/s1 |
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| InChIKey = KVJXBPDAXMEYOA-CXANFOAXBX |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C20H27NO3/c1-18-7-6-14-12(13(18)3-4-15(18)22)5-8-20-17(24-20)16(23)11(10-21)9-19(14,20)2/h12-15,17,22-23H,3-9H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,17+,18-,19+,20+/m0/s1 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C20H27NO3/c1-18-7-6-14-12(13(18)3-4-15(18)22)5-8-20-17(24-20)16(23)11(10-21)9-19(14,20)2/h12-15,17,22-23H,3-9H2,1-2H3/t12-,13-,14-,15-,17+,18-,19+,20+/m0/s1 |
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| StdInChIKey = KVJXBPDAXMEYOA-CXANFOAXSA-N |
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| StdInChIKey = KVJXBPDAXMEYOA-CXANFOAXSA-N |
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}} |
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}} |
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'''Trilostane''', sold under the brand name '''Vetoryl''' among others, is a medication which has been used in the treatment of ], ], and ] ] in humans.<ref name="Elks2014">{{cite book| vauthors = Elks J |title=The Dictionary of Drugs: Chemical Data: Chemical Data, Structures and Bibliographies|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=0vXTBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA1245|date=14 November 2014|publisher=Springer|isbn=978-1-4757-2085-3|pages=1245–}}</ref><ref name="MortonHall2012">{{cite book| vauthors = Morton IK, Hall JM |title=Concise Dictionary of Pharmacological Agents: Properties and Synonyms|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=tsjrCAAAQBAJ&pg=PA281|date=6 December 2012|publisher=Springer Science & Business Media|isbn=978-94-011-4439-1|pages=281–}}</ref><ref name="Negwer1987">{{cite book| vauthors = Negwer M |title=Organic-chemical Drugs and Their Synonyms: (an International Survey)|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=k6fwAAAAMAAJ|year=1987|publisher=VCH Publishers|isbn=978-0-89573-552-2|quote=5870 (6516) C20H2:NOs 13647-35-3 42,5-Epoxy-173-hydroxy-3-oxo-50-androstane-22carbonitrile = (22,42,52,173)-4,5-Epoxy-17-hydroxy-3-oxoandrostane-2-carbonitrile (e) S Desopan, Modrastane, Modrenal, Trilostane”, Trilox, Win 24 540, Winstan U Adrenocortical suppressant (steroid biosynthesis inhibitor)}}</ref><ref name="Milne2018">{{cite book| vauthors = Milne GW |title=Drugs: Synonyms and Properties: Synonyms and Properties|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=xUlaDwAAQBAJ&pg=PT34|date=8 May 2018|publisher=Taylor & Francis|isbn=978-1-351-78989-9|pages=34–}}</ref><ref name="pmid17109615">{{cite journal | vauthors = Puddefoot JR, Barker S, Vinson GP | title = Trilostane in advanced breast cancer | journal = Expert Opinion on Pharmacotherapy | volume = 7 | issue = 17 | pages = 2413–2419 | date = December 2006 | pmid = 17109615 | doi = 10.1517/14656566.7.17.2413 | s2cid = 23940491 }}</ref> It was ] for use in humans in the ] in the 1990s<ref name="pmid24465047">{{cite journal | vauthors = Tung D, Ciallella J, Hain H, Cheung PH, Saha S | title = Possible therapeutic effect of trilostane in rodent models of inflammation and nociception | journal = Current Therapeutic Research, Clinical and Experimental | volume = 75 | pages = 71–76 | date = December 2013 | pmid = 24465047 | pmc = 3898193 | doi = 10.1016/j.curtheres.2013.09.004 }}</ref> but was subsequently approved for use in ] in the 2000s to treat Cushing's syndrome in dogs.<ref>{{Cite web|date=24 February 2016|title=Cushing's Disease in Dogs Part 3: Current & Investigative Options for Therapy|url=https://todaysveterinarypractice.com/cushings-disease-dog-therapy/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=Today's Veterinary Practice|language=en}}</ref> It is taken ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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==Medical uses== |
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Trilostane has been used in the treatment of ] (hypercortisolism), ] (hyperaldosteronism), and ] ] in humans.<ref name="MortonHall2012" /><ref name="pmid17109615" /> When used to treat breast cancer, trilostane is administered in combination with a ] to prevent ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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==Contraindications== |
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Trilostane should not be used in ] women.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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Trilostane should not be given to a dog that: |
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* Has ] or ]<ref name=NOAH>{{Cite web|url=http://www.noahcompendium.co.uk/Dechra_Veterinary_Products_Ltd/Vetoryl_ACY-reg_ADs-_10_mg_Hard_Capsules_for_Dogs/-36949.html|title=Vetoryl-Contraindications|publisher=NOAH Compendium of Animal Health-National Office of Animal Health UK|access-date=3 April 2011|archive-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217183839/http://www.noahcompendium.co.uk/Dechra_Veterinary_Products_Ltd/Vetoryl_ACY-reg_ADs-_10_mg_Hard_Capsules_for_Dogs/-36949.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref name=Dechra>{{cite web|url=http://www.dechra-us.com/files/dechra/Downloads/Pharma/Datasheets/Vetoryl_10_mg_Hard_Capsules_for_Dogs_16-12-10.pdf|title=Dechra US Datasheet-Vetoryl|publisher=Dechra US|access-date=3 April 2011|archive-date=22 March 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120322065557/http://www.dechra-us.com/files/dechra/Downloads/Pharma/Datasheets/Vetoryl_10_mg_Hard_Capsules_for_Dogs_16-12-10.pdf|url-status=dead}} (])</ref> |
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* Takes certain medications used to treat ]<ref>{{Cite web|title=Cushing's Disease in Dogs|url=https://nasc.cc/pet-university/cushings-disease-dogs/|access-date=4 January 2021|website=NASC LIVE|date=2 February 2015 |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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* Is ], ] or intended for breeding<ref name=NOAH/><ref name=Dechra/> |
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==Side effects== |
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]s of trilostane in conjunction with a corticosteroid in humans include ] side effects like ], ], ], and ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> ]s (NSAIDs) may decrease the incidence of diarrhea with trilostane.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> Serious gastrointestinal side effects of trilostane alone or in combination with an NSAID like ], ], ], ], and ] may occur in some individuals.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> Reversible ] and transient oral ] may occur with trilostane.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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==Pharmacology== |
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===Pharmacodynamics=== |
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]. Trilostane inhibits 3β-HSD.]] |
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Trilostane is a ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> It is specifically an ] of ] (3β-HSD).<ref name="pmid17109615" /><ref name="pmid21295836">{{cite journal | vauthors = de Gier J, Wolthers CH, Galac S, Okkens AC, Kooistra HS | title = Effects of the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase inhibitor trilostane on luteal progesterone production in the dog | journal = Theriogenology | volume = 75 | issue = 7 | pages = 1271–1279 | date = April 2011 | pmid = 21295836 | doi = 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2010.11.041 }}</ref> As a result of this action, trilostane blocks the conversion of Δ<sup>5</sup>-3β-]s, including ], ], ] (DHEA), and ], into Δ<sup>4</sup>-3-]s, including ], ], ], and ], respectively.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> Consequently, trilostane inhibits the ] of all classes of ]s, including ]s, ]s, ]s, ]s, and ]s.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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The ] of trilostane in Cushing's syndrome and Conn's syndrome is by inhibiting the production of corticosteroids such as ] and ] in the ]s.<ref>{{cite web|url=http://caninediabeteswiki.wikkii.com/w/images/caninediabeteswiki/uploads/8/87/2006symposiumproceedings.pdf|title=Trilostane-5 Years of Clinical Experience for the Treatment of Cushing's Disease| vauthors = Reusch CE |year=2006|publisher=Ohio State University Endocrinology Symposium|pages=17–19|access-date=5 April 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (])</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.vin.com/proceedings/Proceedings.plx?CID=WSAVA2010&Category=&PID=56127&O=Generic|title=Trilostane-A Review of a Success Story| vauthors = Reusch CE |year=2010|publisher=World Small Animal Veterinary Association (WSAVA)|access-date=5 April 2011}}</ref> Trilostane has also been used as an ] due to its inhibition of progesterone synthesis.<ref name="pmid17109615" /><ref name="pmid12042266">{{cite journal | vauthors = le Roux PA, Tregoning SK, Zinn PM, van der Spuy ZM | title = Inhibition of progesterone secretion with trilostane for mid-trimester termination of pregnancy: randomized controlled trials | journal = Human Reproduction | volume = 17 | issue = 6 | pages = 1483–1489 | date = June 2002 | pmid = 12042266 | doi = 10.1093/humrep/17.6.1483 | doi-access = free }}</ref> |
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Trilostane is not an ] and hence does not inhibit the conversion of androgens like androstenedione and testosterone into estrogens like ] and ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> However, trilostane may nonetheless inhibit estrogen synthesis by inhibiting androgen synthesis.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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In addition to steroidogenesis inhibition, trilostane has been found to act as a ] ], via direct and presumably ] interactions with the ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /><ref name="pmid12209583">{{cite journal | vauthors = Puddefoot JR, Barker S, Glover HR, Malouitre SD, Vinson GP | title = Non-competitive steroid inhibition of oestrogen receptor functions | journal = International Journal of Cancer | volume = 101 | issue = 1 | pages = 17–22 | date = September 2002 | pmid = 12209583 | doi = 10.1002/ijc.10547 | s2cid = 25779906 | doi-access = }}</ref><ref name="GloverBarker2010">{{cite journal | vauthors = Beatson GT | title = On the Treatment of Inoperable Cases of Carcinoma of the Mamma: Suggestions for a New Method of Treatment, with Illustrative Cases | journal = Transactions. Medico-Chirurgical Society of Edinburgh| volume = 15| issue = | pages = 153–179| year = 1896| pmid= 29584099 |pmc=5518378 }}</ref> The effectiveness of trilostane in postmenopausal breast cancer may relate to this apparent antiestrogenic activity.<ref name="pmid17109615" /><ref name="pmid12209583" /><ref name="GloverBarker2010" /> Trilostane has also been found to act as an ] of the ].<ref name="pmid20831980">{{cite journal | vauthors = Takizawa I, Nishiyama T, Hara N, Hoshii T, Ishizaki F, Miyashiro Y, Takahashi K | title = Trilostane, an inhibitor of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase, has an agonistic activity on androgen receptor in human prostate cancer cells | journal = Cancer Letters | volume = 297 | issue = 2 | pages = 226–230 | date = November 2010 | pmid = 20831980 | doi = 10.1016/j.canlet.2010.05.015 }}</ref> As such, its use in men with ] may warrant caution.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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===Pharmacokinetics=== |
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Trilostane is ] in the ].<ref name="pmid17109615" /> The major ] of trilostane is 17-ketotrilostane.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> The conversion of trilostane into 17-ketotrilostane is ], suggesting that trilostane and 17-ketotrilostane undergo interconversion in the body.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> 17-Ketotrilostane circulates at 3-fold higher levels than trilostane and is more active than trilostane as a 3β-HSD inhibitor.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> The ] of trilostane and 17-ketotrilostane are both 1.2 hours, with both compounds cleared from the blood within 6 to 8 hours of a dose of trilostane.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> 17-Ketotrilostane is ] by the ]s.<ref name="pmid17109615" /> |
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==Chemistry== |
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Trilostane, also known as 4α,5-epoxy-3,17β-dihydroxy-5α-androst-2-ene-2-carbonitrile, is a ] ] ] and a ] of ] androstane derivatives like ], ], and ].<ref name="Elks2014" /> |
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===Synthesis=== |
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Trilostane is prepared from ] in a four-step ].{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} |
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==History== |
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Trilostane was ] from human use in the ] market in April 1994.<ref name=Cook/><ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/cons/trilostane.html|title=Trilostane consumer information|date=4 January 2009|publisher=Drugs.com|access-date=3 April 2011|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20080212180719/http://www.drugs.com/cons/trilostane.html|archive-date=12 February 2008}}</ref><ref name="pmid24465047"/> It continued to be available in the ] for use in humans under the brand name Modrenal for the treatment of ] and ] in humans, but was eventually discontinued in this country as well.<ref name="pmid24465047" /><ref name=DrugsUK>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/uk/modrenal-943.html|title=Modrenal consumer information|publisher=Drugs.com UK|access-date=3 April 2011|archive-date=14 October 2012|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121014142235/http://www.drugs.com/uk/modrenal-943.html|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.medicines.org.uk/EMC/medicine/17410/SPC/Modrenal/|title=Modrenal|publisher=electronic Medicines Compendium UK|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref><ref name=Church>{{cite journal | vauthors = Braddock JA, Church DB, Robertson ID, Watson AD | title = Trilostane treatment in dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism | journal = Australian Veterinary Journal | volume = 81 | issue = 10 | pages = 600–607 | date = October 2003 | pmid = 15080470 | doi = 10.1111/j.1751-0813.2003.tb12498.x | url = http://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/id/eprint/1198/ }}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (])</ref> |
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Trilostane was approved in the United States in 2008 for the treatment of Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) in dogs under the brand name Vetoryl.<ref name=Approval/> It was available by prescription in the United Kingdom for dogs under the Vetoryl brand name for some time before it was approved in the United States.<ref name=NOAH/> The drug is also used to treat the skin disorder ] in dogs.<ref name=Cook>{{cite web|url=http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/vetmed/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=491107&sk=&date=&pageID=5|title=Trilostane: A therapeutic consideration for canine hyperadrenocorticism| vauthors = Cook AK |date=1 February 2008|publisher=DVM 360|access-date=5 April 2011|archive-date=17 February 2013|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20130217183255/http://veterinarymedicine.dvm360.com/vetmed/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=491107&sk=&date=&pageID=5|url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite web|url=http://caninediabeteswiki.wikkii.com/w/images/caninediabeteswiki/uploads/8/87/2006symposiumproceedings.pdf|title=Alopecia: Is an Endocrine Disorder Responsible?| vauthors = Hillier A |year=2006|page=12 of 67|publisher=Ohio State University Endocrinology Symposium|access-date=8 April 2011}}{{Dead link|date=February 2023 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} (])</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Cerundolo R, Lloyd DH, Persechino A, Evans H, Cauvin A | title = Treatment of canine Alopecia X with trilostane | journal = Veterinary Dermatology | volume = 15 | issue = 5 | pages = 285–293 | date = October 2004 | pmid = 15500480 | doi = 10.1111/j.1365-3164.2004.00403.x | url = http://www.solidgoldsamoyeds.com/Treatment%20with%20trilostane.pdf | access-date = 16 May 2011 | publisher = European Society of Veterinary Dermatology | url-status = dead | archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20140501000042/http://www.solidgoldsamoyeds.com/Treatment%20with%20trilostane.pdf | archive-date = 1 May 2014 }} (])</ref> |
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Trilostane was the first drug approved to treat both ]- and ]-dependent Cushing's in dogs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Only one other drug, Anipryl (veterinary brand name) ], is FDA-approved to treat Cushing's disease in dogs, but only to treat uncomplicated, pituitary-dependent Cushing's.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/vet/anipryl-tablets.html|title=Anipryl consumer information|publisher=Drugs.com Vet|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> The only previous treatment for the disease was the use of ] (brand name Lysodren) ].<ref name=FDA>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ucm151209.htm|title=Treating Cushing's Disease in Dogs|publisher=US Food and Drug Administration|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Reine NJ | title = Medical management of pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism: mitotane versus trilostane | journal = Clinical Techniques in Small Animal Practice | volume = 22 | issue = 1 | pages = 18–25 | date = February 2007 | pmid = 17542193 | doi = 10.1053/j.ctsap.2007.02.003 }}</ref> |
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A number of ] in the United States sell trilostane for dogs.{{Citation needed|date=June 2020}} Since the United States approval of Vetoryl in December 2008,<ref name=Approval>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/Products/ApprovedAnimalDrugProducts/FOIADrugSummaries/ucm049823.htm|title=Vetoryl approval information|date=5 December 2008|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> compounding pharmacies are no longer able to use a bulk drug product for compounding purposes, but must prepare the compounded drug from Vetoryl.<ref>{{cite web|url=https://www.fda.gov/AnimalVeterinary/SafetyHealth/ProductSafetyInformation/ucm182039.htm|title=VETORYL (trilostane) Capsules Letter - Pharmacy Professionals|date=11 September 2009|publisher=Food and Drug Administration|access-date=3 April 2011}}</ref> |
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==Society and culture== |
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=== Legal status === |
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In March 2024, the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP) of the European Medicines Agency adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the veterinary medicinal product Trilocur, oral suspension for dogs.<ref name="Trilocur EPAR" /> The applicant for this veterinary medicinal product is Emdoka.<ref name="Trilocur EPAR">{{cite web | title=Trilocur EPAR | website=European Medicines Agency | date=13 March 2024 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/trilocur | access-date=20 March 2024}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref> In March 2024, the CVMP adopted a positive opinion, recommending the granting of a marketing authorization for the veterinary medicinal product Trilorale, oral suspension for dogs.<ref name="Trilorale EPAR" /> The applicant for this veterinary medicinal product is Axience.<ref name="Trilorale EPAR">{{cite web | website=European Medicines Agency | title=Trilorale EPAR | date=13 March 2024 | url=https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/medicines/veterinary/EPAR/trilorale | access-date=20 March 2024}} Text was copied from this source which is copyright European Medicines Agency. Reproduction is authorized provided the source is acknowledged.</ref> Trilocur and Trilorale were approved for medical use in the European Union in May 2024.<ref>{{cite web | title=Trilocur PI | website=Union Register of medicinal products | date=7 May 2024 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v312.htm | access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref><ref>{{cite web | title=Trilorale PI | website=Union Register of medicinal products | date=7 May 2024 | url=https://ec.europa.eu/health/documents/community-register/html/v313.htm | access-date=18 June 2024}}</ref> |
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===Generic names=== |
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Trilostane is the ] of the drug and its {{Abbrlink|INN|International Nonproprietary Name}}, {{Abbrlink|USAN|United States Adopted Name}}, {{Abbrlink|BAN|British Approved Name}}, and {{Abbrlink|JAN|Japanese Accepted Name}}.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /> Its developmental code name was ''WIN-24,540''.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /> |
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===Brand names=== |
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Trilostane has been marketed under a number of brand names including Desopan, Modrastane, Modrenal, Trilox, Vetoryl, Oncovet TL and Winstan.<ref name="Elks2014" /><ref name="MortonHall2012" /> |
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===Availability=== |
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Trilostane is available for veterinary use in countries throughout the world.<ref name="Drugs.com">{{Cite web|url=https://www.drugs.com/international/trilostane.html|title=Vetoryl Capsules (Trilostane) for Animal Use}}</ref> |
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==Veterinary uses== |
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Trilostane is used for the treatment of Cushing's syndrome in dogs. The ] and ] of trilostane for this indication were shown in several studies.<ref name=Church/><ref name=FDA/> Success was measured by improvements in both ] results and physical symptoms (normalized ] and activity level, and decreased panting, ], and ]).<ref name=Church/><ref name=FDA/> |
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== References == |
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{{Reflist}} |
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{{Estrogens and antiestrogens}} |
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{{Glucocorticoids and antiglucocorticoids}} |
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{{Mineralocorticoids and antimineralocorticoids}} |
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{{Androgen receptor modulators}} |
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{{Estrogen receptor modulators}} |
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{{Portal bar | Medicine}} |
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{{Authority control}} |
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