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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 415595506 |
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| verifiedrevid = 444365426 |
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| ImageFile1 = Natriumcitrat V1.svg |
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| Name = Sodium citrate |
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| ImageSize1 = 250px |
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| ImageFile = Sodium citrate.png |
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| ImageFile2 =Trisodium Citrate taken with my iPhone SE in my kitchen.jpg |
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| ImageSize = 200px |
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| ImageSize2 = 250px |
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| ImageName = Sodium citrate |
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| IUPACName = Trisodium citrate<br/>Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
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| Name = Sodium citrate |
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| PIN = Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate |
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| OtherNames = Citrosodine<br/>Citric acid, trisodium salt<br/>Sodium citrate |
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| OtherNames = Sodium citrate<br/>Trisodium citrate<br/>Citrosodine<br/>Trisodium salt<br>E331 |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo = 68-04-2 |
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| SMILES = ... O=C()CC(O)(CC(=O))C()=O |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo = 68-04-2 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo1 = 6132-04-3 |
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| CASNo1 = 6132-04-3 |
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| CASNo1_Comment = (dihydrate) |
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| CASNo1_Comment = (dihydrate) |
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| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo2 = 6858-44-2 |
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| CASNo2_Comment = (pentahydrate) |
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| CASNo2 = 6858-44-2 |
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| CASNo2_Comment = (pentahydrate) |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| RTECS = GE8300000 |
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| UNII = RS7A450LGA |
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| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII1_Comment = (dihydrate) |
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| UNII1 = B22547B95K |
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| RTECS = GE8300000 |
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| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}} |
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| ChEMBL = 1355 |
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| PubChem = 6224 |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 5989 |
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| SMILES = C(C(=O))C(CC(=O))(C(=O))O... |
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| InChI = 1/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3 |
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| InChIKey = HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-DFZHHIFOAL |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> |
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| Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 258.06 g/mol (water free), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate) |
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| MolarMass = 258.06 g/mol (anhydrous), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate) |
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| Density = 1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Density = 1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> |
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| Solubility = Anhydrous form:57 g/100 g H<sub>2</sub>O (25 °C) <ref>{{cite web|title=Sodium citrate {{!}} 68-04-2|url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7360958.htm|accessdate=14 December 2023}}</ref> Pentahydrate form: 92 g/100 g H<sub>2</sub>O (25 °C)<ref>{{cite web|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|url=http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/pdf/default.asp?id=04_02_94|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref> |
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| Solubility = 42.5 g/100 ml (25 °C){{Verify source|date=February 2011}} |
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| MeltingPt = >300 °C<br/>hydrates lose water ca. 150 C |
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| MeltingPt = > |
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| MeltingPtC = 300 |
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| BoilingPt = Decomposes |
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| MeltingPt_notes = (hydrates lose water ca. 150 °C) |
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| pKa = |
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| BoilingPt = Decomposes |
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| pKa = |
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| Appearance = White crystalline powder |
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| pKb = |
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| Appearance = White crystalline powder |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| ExternalMSDS = |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| MainHazards = Irritant |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-R = 0 |
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| LD50 = 1548 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, rat)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/68-04-2|title=ChemIDplus - 68-04-2 - HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Sodium citrate anhydrous - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.|first=Michael|last=Chambers|website=chem.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref> |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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|Section8={{Chembox Related |
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| OtherCpds = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherCompounds = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] |
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'''Trisodium citrate''' has the chemical formula of Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is sometimes referred to simply as '']'', though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three ] salts of ]. It possesses a ], mildly tart flavor. For this reason, citrates of certain ] and ]s (e.g. sodium and calcium citrates) are commonly known as "sour salt" (occasionally citric acid is erroneously termed sour salt). |
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'''Trisodium citrate''' is a chemical compound with the ] Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is sometimes referred to simply as "]", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three ] of ]. It possesses a ], mildly tart taste, and is a mild ]. |
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==Applications== |
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===Food=== |
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Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a ] E331, usually for ] or as a ]. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of ]. Sodium citrate is common as an ingredient in ], lemon-lime and citrus ]s, such as ], ], and some ] juices, contributing to their tart tastes, and can also be found in such energy drinks as ] and ]. |
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===Buffer=== |
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==Uses== |
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As a ] of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a ] or ], resisting changes in ]. Sodium citrate is used to control ]ity in some substances, such as ]s. It can be found in the mini milk containers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water. |
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===Medical uses=== |
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===Foods=== |
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Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a ], usually for ] or as a ]. Its ] is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of ]. It is common as an ingredient in ], and is also used in commercial ] beverages and ]es, contributing a tart flavor. It is found in ], ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, wine, and butter chicken,<ref>{{cite web|title=Permitted Emulsifying Salt (E331)|date=5 March 2018 |url=https://www.justgotochef.com/ingredients/permitted-emulsifying-salt-e331}}</ref> amongst others. Because the elements in Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> spell "Na C H O", "Nacho Cheese" is a convenient mnemonic for trisodium citrate's chemical formula. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Make a Perfectly Creamy Cheese Sauce Without Resorting to Velveeta |url=https://www.177milkstreet.com/2024/01/make-a-perfectly-creamy-cheese-sauce-without-resorting-to-velveeta |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Christopher Kimball’s Milk Street |language=en-US}}</ref> |
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In 1914, the ] doctor ] and the ] physician and researcher ] successfully used sodium citrate as an ] in ]s. It continues to be used today in blood collection tubes and for the preservation of ] in ]s. The citrate ion ] calcium ions in the blood by forming ] complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism. |
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Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating. |
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In 2003, Oöpik, et al., showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 grams per kg of body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners | author = V Oöpik, I Saaremets, L Medijainen, K Karelson, T Janson, S Timpmann | journal = Br J Sports Med | year = 2003 | volume = 37 | pages = 485–489 | url = http://bjsm.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/6/485 | doi = 10.1136/bjsm.37.6.485 | pmid = 14665584 | issue = 6 | pmc = 1724692}}</ref> |
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====Buffering==== |
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] diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid. The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate.]] |
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As a ] of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a ] or ], resisting changes in ]. It is used to control ]ity in some substances, such as ]s. It can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of ]s, such as ], when they are dissolved in water.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The pH range of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25 °C is 7.5 to 9.0. It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although it also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ozcan-Yilsay|first1=T |last2=Lee |first2=W.-J. |date=2007 |title=Effect of Trisodium Citrate on Rheological and Physical Properties and Microstructure of Yogurt |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=1644–1652 |doi=10.3168/jds.2006-538 |pmid=17369204 |doi-access=free }}</ref> |
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Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections, such as ], to reduce the acidosis seen in distal ], and can also be used as an osmotic ]. |
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===Chemistry=== |
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Sodium citrate is a component in ], often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as ]. |
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===Medicine=== |
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In 1914, the ] doctor ] and the ] physician and researcher ] successfully used sodium citrate as an ] in ]s, with ] determining its correct concentration in 1915. It continues to be used in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of ] in ]s. The citrate ion ] calcium ions in the blood by forming ] complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism. Recently, trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters|url=http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.asdin.org/resource/resmgr/imported/SDI%20466%20Locking%20Solutions.pdf}}</ref> |
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In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners |author1=V. Ööpik |author2=I. Saaremets |author3=L. Medijainen |author4=K. Karelson |author5=T. Janson |author6=S. Timpmann |journal= British Journal of Sports Medicine |year= 2003 |volume= 37 |pages= 485–489 |url= |doi= 10.1136/bjsm.37.6.485 |pmid= 14665584 |issue= 6 |pmc= 1724692}}</ref> |
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Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as ], to reduce the acidosis seen in distal ], and can also be used as an osmotic ]. It is a major component of the ]. |
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It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for ] procedures to reduce the ] associated with the aspiration of gastric contents. |
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It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for ] procedures to reduce the ] associated with the aspiration of gastric contents. |
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===Boiler descaling=== |
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Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation<ref>{{US patent |3095862}}</ref> and for cleaning automobile radiators.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ehs.cranesville.com/msds.pdfs/MSDS(P027).pdf | title = MSDS}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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