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{{chembox {{chembox
| Verifiedfields = changed
| Watchedfields = changed | Watchedfields = changed
| verifiedrevid = 415595506 | verifiedrevid = 444365426
| ImageFile1 = Natriumcitrat V1.svg
| Name = Sodium citrate
| ImageSize1 = 250px
| ImageFile = Sodium citrate.png
| ImageFile2 =Trisodium Citrate taken with my iPhone SE in my kitchen.jpg
| ImageSize = 200px
| ImageSize2 = 250px
| ImageName = Sodium citrate
| IUPACName = Trisodium citrate<br/>Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate | Name = Sodium citrate
| PIN = Trisodium 2-hydroxypropane-1,2,3-tricarboxylate
| OtherNames = Citrosodine<br/>Citric acid, trisodium salt<br/>Sodium citrate | OtherNames = Sodium citrate<br/>Trisodium citrate<br/>Citrosodine<br/>Trisodium salt<br>E331
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| CASNo = 68-04-2
| SMILES = ... O=C()CC(O)(CC(=O))C()=O
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| CASNo = 68-04-2
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} | CASNo1_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo1 = 6132-04-3 | CASNo1 = 6132-04-3
| CASNo1_Comment = (dihydrate) | CASNo1_Comment = (dihydrate)
| CASNo2_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}}
| CASNo2 = 6858-44-2
| CASNo2_Comment = (pentahydrate) | CASNo2 = 6858-44-2
| CASNo2_Comment = (pentahydrate)
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| RTECS = GE8300000
| UNII = RS7A450LGA
| UNII1_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII1_Comment = (dihydrate)
| UNII1 = B22547B95K
| RTECS = GE8300000
| ChEMBL_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEMBL = 1355
| PubChem = 6224
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| ChemSpiderID = 5989
| SMILES = C(C(=O))C(CC(=O))(C(=O))O...
| InChI = 1/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
| InChIKey = HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-DFZHHIFOAL
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/C6H8O7.3Na/c7-3(8)1-6(13,5(11)12)2-4(9)10;;;/h13H,1-2H2,(H,7,8)(H,9,10)(H,11,12);;;/q;3*+1/p-3
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|changed|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K

}} }}
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> | Formula = Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>
| MolarMass = 258.06 g/mol (water free), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate) | MolarMass = 258.06 g/mol (anhydrous), 294.10 g/mol (dihydrate)
| Density = 1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup> | Density = 1.7 g/cm<sup>3</sup>
| Solubility = Anhydrous form:57 g/100 g H<sub>2</sub>O (25 °C) <ref>{{cite web|title=Sodium citrate {{!}} 68-04-2|url=https://www.chemicalbook.com/ChemicalProductProperty_EN_CB7360958.htm|accessdate=14 December 2023}}</ref> Pentahydrate form: 92 g/100 g H<sub>2</sub>O (25 °C)<ref>{{cite web|title=CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics|url=http://www.hbcpnetbase.com/pdf/default.asp?id=04_02_94|accessdate=22 November 2013}}</ref>
| Solubility = 42.5 g/100 ml (25 °C){{Verify source|date=February 2011}}
| MeltingPt = >300 °C<br/>hydrates lose water ca. 150 C | MeltingPt = >
| MeltingPtC = 300
| BoilingPt = Decomposes
| MeltingPt_notes = (hydrates lose water ca. 150 °C)
| pKa =
| BoilingPt = Decomposes
| pKb =
| pKa =
| Appearance = White crystalline powder
| pKb =
| Appearance = White crystalline powder
}} }}
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |Section3={{Chembox Structure
| CrystalStruct = | CrystalStruct =
}} }}
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS =
| ExternalMSDS =
| MainHazards = Irritant | MainHazards = Irritant
| NFPA-H = 1
| NFPA-F = 0
| NFPA-R = 0
| LD50 = 1548 mg/kg (intraperitoneal, rat)<ref>{{cite web|url=https://chem.nlm.nih.gov/chemidplus/rn/68-04-2|title=ChemIDplus - 68-04-2 - HRXKRNGNAMMEHJ-UHFFFAOYSA-K - Sodium citrate anhydrous - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.|first=Michael|last=Chambers|website=chem.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
}} }}
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherCpds = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] | OtherCompounds = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>]
}} }}
}} }}
'''Trisodium citrate''' has the chemical formula of Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is sometimes referred to simply as '']'', though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three ] salts of ]. It possesses a ], mildly tart flavor. For this reason, citrates of certain ] and ]s (e.g. sodium and calcium citrates) are commonly known as "sour salt" (occasionally citric acid is erroneously termed sour salt).


'''Trisodium citrate''' is a chemical compound with the ] Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub>. It is sometimes referred to simply as "]", though sodium citrate can refer to any of the three ] of ]. It possesses a ], mildly tart taste, and is a mild ].
==Applications==
===Food===
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a ] E331, usually for ] or as a ]. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of ]. Sodium citrate is common as an ingredient in ], lemon-lime and citrus ]s, such as ], ], and some ] juices, contributing to their tart tastes, and can also be found in such energy drinks as ] and ].


===Buffer=== ==Uses==
As a ] of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a ] or ], resisting changes in ]. Sodium citrate is used to control ]ity in some substances, such as ]s. It can be found in the mini milk containers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of antacids, such as Alka-Seltzer, when they are dissolved in water.


===Medical uses=== ===Foods===
Sodium citrate is chiefly used as a ], usually for ] or as a ]. Its ] is E331. Sodium citrate is employed as a flavoring agent in certain varieties of ]. It is common as an ingredient in ], and is also used in commercial ] beverages and ]es, contributing a tart flavor. It is found in ], ice cream, yogurt, jams, sweets, milk powder, processed cheeses, carbonated beverages, wine, and butter chicken,<ref>{{cite web|title=Permitted Emulsifying Salt (E331)|date=5 March 2018 |url=https://www.justgotochef.com/ingredients/permitted-emulsifying-salt-e331}}</ref> amongst others. Because the elements in Na<sub>3</sub>C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>O<sub>7</sub> spell "Na C H O", "Nacho Cheese" is a convenient mnemonic for trisodium citrate's chemical formula. <ref>{{Cite web |title=Make a Perfectly Creamy Cheese Sauce Without Resorting to Velveeta |url=https://www.177milkstreet.com/2024/01/make-a-perfectly-creamy-cheese-sauce-without-resorting-to-velveeta |access-date=2024-09-20 |website=Christopher Kimball’s Milk Street |language=en-US}}</ref>
In 1914, the ] doctor ] and the ] physician and researcher ] successfully used sodium citrate as an ] in ]s. It continues to be used today in blood collection tubes and for the preservation of ] in ]s. The citrate ion ] calcium ions in the blood by forming ] complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism.


Sodium citrate can be used as an emulsifying stabilizer when making cheese. It allows the cheese to melt without becoming greasy by stopping the fats from separating.
In 2003, Oöpik, et al., showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 grams per kg of body weight) improved running performance over 5 km by 30 seconds.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners | author = V Oöpik, I Saaremets, L Medijainen, K Karelson, T Janson, S Timpmann | journal = Br J Sports Med | year = 2003 | volume = 37 | pages = 485–489 | url = http://bjsm.bmj.com/cgi/content/abstract/37/6/485 | doi = 10.1136/bjsm.37.6.485 | pmid = 14665584 | issue = 6 | pmc = 1724692}}</ref>
====Buffering====
] diagram for a 10-millimolar solution of citric acid. The violet curve corresponds to the trisodium citrate.]]


As a ] of a weak acid, citrate can perform as a ] or ], resisting changes in ]. It is used to control ]ity in some substances, such as ]s. It can be found in the milk minicontainers used with coffee machines. The compound is the product of ]s, such as ], when they are dissolved in water.{{citation needed|date=November 2019}} The pH range of a solution of 5 g/100 ml water at 25&nbsp;°C is 7.5 to 9.0. It is added to many commercially packaged dairy products to control the pH impact of the gastrointestinal system of humans{{Citation needed|date=October 2022}}, mainly in processed products such as cheese and yogurt, although it also has beneficial effects on the physical gel microstructure.<ref>{{cite journal |last1=Ozcan-Yilsay|first1=T |last2=Lee |first2=W.-J. |date=2007 |title=Effect of Trisodium Citrate on Rheological and Physical Properties and Microstructure of Yogurt |journal=Journal of Dairy Science |volume=90 |issue=4 |pages=1644–1652 |doi=10.3168/jds.2006-538 |pmid=17369204 |doi-access=free }}</ref>
Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary tract infections, such as ], to reduce the acidosis seen in distal ], and can also be used as an osmotic ].

===Chemistry===
Sodium citrate is a component in ], often used in organic analysis to detect the presence of reducing sugars such as ].

===Medicine===
In 1914, the ] doctor ] and the ] physician and researcher ] successfully used sodium citrate as an ] in ]s, with ] determining its correct concentration in 1915. It continues to be used in blood-collection tubes and for the preservation of ] in ]s. The citrate ion ] calcium ions in the blood by forming ] complexes, disrupting the blood clotting mechanism. Recently, trisodium citrate has also been used as a locking agent in vascath and haemodialysis lines instead of heparin due to its lower risk of systemic anticoagulation.<ref>{{cite web|title=Locking Solutions for Hemodialysis Catheters|url=http://c.ymcdn.com/sites/www.asdin.org/resource/resmgr/imported/SDI%20466%20Locking%20Solutions.pdf}}</ref>

In 2003, Ööpik et al. showed the use of sodium citrate (0.5 g/kg body weight) improved running performance over 5&nbsp;km by 30 seconds.<ref>{{cite journal | title = Effects of sodium citrate ingestion before exercise on endurance performance in well trained college runners |author1=V. Ööpik |author2=I. Saaremets |author3=L. Medijainen |author4=K. Karelson |author5=T. Janson |author6=S. Timpmann |journal= British Journal of Sports Medicine |year= 2003 |volume= 37 |pages= 485–489 |url= |doi= 10.1136/bjsm.37.6.485 |pmid= 14665584 |issue= 6 |pmc= 1724692}}</ref>

Sodium citrate is used to relieve discomfort in urinary-tract infections, such as ], to reduce the acidosis seen in distal ], and can also be used as an osmotic ]. It is a major component of the ].


It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for ] procedures to reduce the ] associated with the aspiration of gastric contents. It is used as an antacid, especially prior to anaesthesia, for ] procedures to reduce the ] associated with the aspiration of gastric contents.

===Boiler descaling===
Sodium citrate is a particularly effective agent for removal of carbonate scale from boilers without removing them from operation<ref>{{US patent |3095862}}</ref> and for cleaning automobile radiators.<ref>{{cite web | url = https://ehs.cranesville.com/msds.pdfs/MSDS(P027).pdf | title = MSDS}}</ref>


==See also== ==See also==
* ] * ]
* ]
* ] * ]


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