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			{{Short description|Vaccines that prevent typhoid fever}}
	{{distinguish|typhus vaccine}}		{{distinguish|typhus vaccine}}
			{{Use dmy dates|date=November 2022}}
			{{cs1 config |name-list-style=vanc |display-authors=6}}
	{{Drugbox		{{Drugbox
			| Verifiedfields = changed
⚫	| type = vaccine
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⚫	| target = ]
			| image =Typhim.jpg
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			<!-- Vaccine data -->
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		⚫	| type = vaccine
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⚫	| ATC_supplemental = {{ATC|J07|AP02}} {{ATC|J07|AP03}} {{ATC|J07|AP10}}
			<!-- Clinical data -->
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			| tradename = Typhim Vi, Vivotif
⚫	| DrugBank =
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			<!-- Chemical data -->
	}}		}}
			<!-- Definition and medical uses -->
	'''Typhoid vaccine''' is a ] used against ].<ref name="pmid18051272">{{cite journal |author=Lim SM, Jung HS, Kim MJ, ''et al.'' |title=Immunogenicity and safety of Vi capsular polysaccharide typhoid vaccine in healthy persons in Korea |journal=J. Microbiol. Biotechnol. |volume=17 |issue=4 |pages=611–5 |year=2007 |month=April |pmid=18051272 |doi= |url=http://www.jmb.or.kr/home/journal/article_read.asp?volume=17&number=4&startpage=611 |format=}} {{dead link|date=May 2010}}</ref>
			'''Typhoid vaccines''' are ]s that prevent ].<ref name=WHO2018>{{cite journal|vauthors=((World Health Organization))|year=2018|title=Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018|journal=Weekly Epidemiological Record|volume=93|issue=13|pages=153–172 | hdl=10665/272273 | author-link = World Health Organization }}</ref><ref name="origin.who.int 2019">{{cite web | title=Summary of the WHO Position Paper on Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper – March 2018 | website=origin.who.int | date=October 23, 2019 | url=http://origin.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/PP_typhoid_2018_summary.pdf | archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20191023041242/http://origin.who.int/immunization/policy/position_papers/PP_typhoid_2018_summary.pdf | archive-date=October 23, 2019 | url-status=dead}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |vauthors=((World Health Organization)) |title=Typhoid vaccines: WHO position paper, March 2018 - Recommendations |journal=Vaccine |volume=37 |issue=2 |pages=214–216 |year=2019 |pmid=29661581 |doi=10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.04.022 |s2cid=4902671 }}</ref> Several types are widely available: typhoid conjugate vaccine (TCV), ] (a ] oral vaccine) and ] (ViPS) (an injectable ]). They are about 30 to 70% effective in the first two years, depending on the specific vaccine in question. The Vi-rEPA vaccine is efficacious in children.<ref name=Cochrane2018>{{cite journal | vauthors = Milligan R, Paul M, Richardson M, Neuberger A | title = Vaccines for preventing typhoid fever | journal = The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews | volume = 2018 | pages = CD001261 | date = May 2018 | issue = 5 | pmid = 29851031 | pmc = 6494485 | doi = 10.1002/14651858.CD001261.pub4 }}</ref>
			<!-- Recommendations -->
	Types include:
			The ] (WHO) recommends vaccinating all children in areas where the disease is common.<ref name=WHO2018/> Otherwise they recommend vaccinating those at high risk.<ref name=WHO2018/> Vaccination campaigns can also be used to control outbreaks of disease.<ref name=WHO2018/> Depending on the vaccine, additional doses are recommended every three to seven years.<ref name=WHO2018/> In the United States the vaccine is only recommended in those at high risk such as travelers to areas of the world where the disease is common.<ref>{{cite web|title=Typhoid Vaccine Information Statement |url=https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/typhoid.html|website=U.S. ] (CDC) |access-date=15 December 2015|date=October 2019 |url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151208185803/http://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/typhoid.html|archive-date=8 December 2015}}</ref>
	* ], which is a ]<ref name="pmid17582564">{{cite journal |author=Levine MM, Ferreccio C, Black RE, Lagos R, San Martin O, Blackwelder WC |title=Ty21a live oral typhoid vaccine and prevention of paratyphoid fever caused by Salmonella enterica Serovar Paratyphi B |journal=Clin. Infect. Dis. |volume=45 Suppl 1 |issue= |pages=S24–8 |year=2007 |month=July |pmid=17582564 |doi=10.1086/518141 |url=http://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/abs/10.1086/518141?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dncbi.nlm.nih.gov}}</ref>
			<!-- Safety -->
	* ], which is a ]
			The vaccines available as of 2018 are very safe.<ref name=WHO2018/> Minor side effects may occur at the site of injection.<ref name=WHO2018/> The injectable vaccine is safe in people with ] and the oral vaccine can be used as long as symptoms are not present.<ref name=WHO2018/> While it has not been studied during pregnancy, the non-live vaccines are believed to be safe while the live vaccine is not recommended.<ref name=WHO2018/>
			<!-- History, society and culture -->
			The first typhoid vaccines were developed in 1896 by ], ], and ].<ref>{{cite book| vauthors = Flower DR |title=Bioinformatics for Vaccinology.|date=2008|publisher=John Wiley & Sons|location=Chichester|isbn=9780470699829|pages=40–41|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=Rg6-T_1-LWkC&pg=PA40|url-status=live|archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20151222095533/https://books.google.com/books?id=Rg6-T_1-LWkC&pg=PA40|archive-date=22 December 2015}}</ref> Due to side-effects newer formulations are recommended as of 2018.<ref name=WHO2018/> It is on the ].<ref name="WHO21st">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 21st list 2019 | year = 2019 | hdl = 10665/325771 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MVP/EMP/IAU/2019.06. License: CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO | hdl-access=free }}</ref><ref name="WHO22nd">{{cite book | vauthors = ((World Health Organization)) | title = World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021) | year = 2021 | hdl = 10665/345533 | author-link = World Health Organization | publisher = World Health Organization | location = Geneva | id = WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02 | hdl-access=free }}</ref>
			==Medical uses==
			Ty21a, the Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine, and Vi-rEPA are effective in reducing typhoid fever with low rates of adverse effects.<ref name="Cochrane2018"/> Newer vaccines such as Vi-TT (PedaTyph) are awaiting{{when|date=October 2019}} field trials to demonstrate efficacy against natural exposure.<ref name=Cochrane2018/>
			The oral Ty21a vaccine prevents around one-half of typhoid cases in the first three years after vaccination. The injectable Vi polysaccharide vaccine prevented about two-thirds of typhoid cases in the first year and had a cumulative efficacy of 55% by the third year. The efficacy of these vaccines has only been demonstrated in children older than two years.<ref name="Cochrane2018"/> ], a new conjugate form of the injectable Vi vaccine, may be more effective and prevents the disease in many children under the age of five years.<ref>{{cite journal | vauthors = Lin FY, Ho VA, Khiem HB, Trach DD, Bay PV, Thanh TC, Kossaczka Z, Bryla DA, Shiloach J, Robbins JB, Schneerson R, Szu SC | title = The efficacy of a Salmonella typhi Vi conjugate vaccine in two-to-five-year-old children | journal = The New England Journal of Medicine | volume = 344 | issue = 17 | pages = 1263–9 | date = April 2001 | pmid = 11320385 | doi = 10.1056/nejm200104263441701 | doi-access = free }}</ref> In a trial in 2-to-5-year-old children in Vietnam, the vaccine had more than 90 percent efficacy in the first year and protection lasted at least four years.<ref name="ReferenceA">{{cite journal | vauthors = Szu SC | title = Development of Vi conjugate - a new generation of typhoid vaccine | journal = Expert Review of Vaccines | volume = 12 | issue = 11 | pages = 1273–86 | date = November 2013 | pmid = 24156285 | doi = 10.1586/14760584.2013.845529 | s2cid = 23280555 | url = https://zenodo.org/record/1235752 }}</ref>
			===Schedule===
			Depending on the formulation it can be given starting at the age of two (ViPS), six (Ty21a), or six months (TCV).<ref name=WHO2018/>
			==Types==
			* ]: ] (]);<ref>{{cite web | title=Typhim Vi | website=U.S. ] (FDA) | date=22 July 2017 | url=http://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/typhim-vi | access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref> ] (])
			* ] oral vaccine: ] (])<ref>{{cite web | title=Vivotif | website=U.S. ] (FDA) | date=1 February 2018 | url=http://www.fda.gov/vaccines-blood-biologics/vaccines/vivotif | access-date=29 December 2019}}</ref>
			* ]: Typbar-TCV (Bharat Biotech)<ref>{{cite web|url= https://www.who.int/medicines/news/2017/WHOprequalifies-breakthrough-typhoid-vaccine/en/|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20180104014508/http://www.who.int/medicines/news/2017/WHOprequalifies-breakthrough-typhoid-vaccine/en/|url-status= dead|archive-date= 4 January 2018| title= Typhoid vaccine prequalified| date= 3 January 2018| access-date= 9 December 2019|website= who.int}}</ref>
			* ]: ] and ] (]); ] (])
			* Activated whole cell vaccine remains available in some parts of the developing world {{as of|2008|lc=yes}}.<ref name=WHO2018/>
	==References==		==References==
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	==External links==		==External links==
			* {{MeshName|Typhoid-Paratyphoid Vaccines}}
	* : Information regarding who may need a typhoid vaccination, as well as, providing additional resources and advice on typhoid disease prevention.
	{{Vaccines}}		{{Vaccines}}
			{{Portal bar | Medicine | Viruses}}
	{{DEFAULTSORT:Typhoid Vaccine}}		{{DEFAULTSORT:Typhoid Vaccine}}
			]
			]
	]		]
			]
			]
	{{vaccine-stub}}