| Revision as of 14:45, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 409232678 of page Uranium(III)_chloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: 'CASNo'). |
Latest revision as of 19:52, 7 November 2024 edit Odyssey20001 (talk | contribs)2 editsm →Molten form |
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{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
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| ImageFile = Uranium(III)-chloride-3D-polyhedra.png |
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| ImageFile = UCl3.png |
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| IUPACName = Uranium(III) chloride |
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| IUPACName = Uranium(III) chloride |
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| OtherNames = Uranium chloride,<br />Uranium trichloride |
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| OtherNames = Uranium chloride<br />Uranium trichloride<br />Hypouranous chloride |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = SAWLVFKYPSYVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| StdInChIKey = SAWLVFKYPSYVBL-UHFFFAOYSA-K |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|changed|??}} |
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| CASNo = <!-- blanked - oldvalue: 10025-93-1 --> |
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| CASNo = 10025-93-1 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|changed|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 1SW3X68G1K |
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| PubChem = 167444 |
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| PubChem = 167444 |
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| Formula = UCl<sub>3</sub> |
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| U = 1 | Cl = 3 |
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| Appearance = Green crystalline solid |
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| Appearance = Green crystalline solid |
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| Density = 5.500 g/cm³, liquid |
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| Density = 5.500 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, liquid |
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| MeltingPtC = 837 |
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| MeltingPtC = 837 |
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| BoilingPtC = 1657 |
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| BoilingPtC = 1657 |
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| Solubility = Soluble |
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| Solubility = Soluble |
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| OrbitalHybridisation = Tricapped trigonal prismatic |
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| OrbitalHybridisation = Tricapped trigonal prismatic |
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| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
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| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
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| Autoignition = Non-flammable |
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'''Uranium(III) chloride''', UCl<sub>3</sub>, is a water soluble salt of uranium. UCl<sub>3</sub> is used mostly to reprocess spent nuclear fuel. Uranium(III) chloride is synthesized in various ways from ]; however, UCl<sub>3</sub> is less stable than UCl<sub>4</sub>. |
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==Preparation== |
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There are two ways to synthesize uranium(III) chloride. The following processes describe how to produce uranium(III) chloride. |
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(1) In a mixture of NaCl-KCl at 670–710 °C, add uranium tetrachloride with uranium metal. |
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:3] + ] → 4UCl<sub>3</sub><ref>Serrano, K.; Taxil, P.; Dugne, O.; Bouvet, S.; Puech, E. J. Nucl. Mater. 2000, 282, 137–145.</ref> |
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(2) Heat uranium(IV) chloride in hydrogen gas. |
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:2] + ] → 2UCl<sub>3</sub> + 2]<ref>Remsen, Ira. Inorganic Chemistry. New York: Henry Holt and Company, 1890.</ref> |
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==Properties== |
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In solid uranium(III) chloride each uranium atom has nine chlorine atoms as near neighbours, at approximately the same distance, in a tricapped trigonal prismatic configuration.<ref>Wells A.F. (1984) ''Structural Inorganic Chemistry'' 5th edition Oxford Science Publications {{ISBN|0-19-855370-6}}</ref> |
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Uranium(III) chloride is a green crystalline solid at room temperature. UCl<sub>3</sub> melts at 837 °C and boils at 1657 °C. Uranium(III) chloride has a density of 5500 kg/m<sup>3</sup> or 5.500 g/cm<sup>3</sup>. |
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Its composition by weight: |
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:Chlorine: 30.84% |
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:Uranium: 69.16% |
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Its formal oxidative states: |
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:Chlorine: −1 |
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:Uranium: +3 |
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This salt is very soluble in water and is also very ]. UCl<sub>3</sub> is more stable in a solution of ].<ref>Comey, Arthur M.; ] ''A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic.'' New York: The MacMillan Company, 1921.</ref> |
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==Uses== |
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===Reagent=== |
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Uranium(III) chloride is used in reactions with ] (THF) and sodium methylcyclopentadiene to prepare various uranium ] complexes.<ref>Brenna, J.G.; Anderson, R.A.; Zalkin, A. Inorg. Chem. 1986, 25, 1756–1760.</ref> |
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===Catalyst=== |
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Uranium(III) chloride is used as a catalyst during reactions between ] (LiAlH<sub>4</sub>) and ] to produce alkyl aluminate compounds.<ref>Le Marechal, J.F.; Ephritikhine, M.; Folcher, G. J. Organomet. Chem. 1986, 309, C1–C3.</ref> |
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===Molten form=== |
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Molten uranium(III) chloride is an important component of liquid nuclear fuel used in ]s. Neutron scattering and computational studies point to the presence of unusual heterogeneous bonding environment around U(III) at high temperatures, with distinct inner- and outer-coordination subshells.<ref>Dmitry S. Maltsev, Darren M. Driscoll, Yuanpeng Zhang, Joerg C. Neuefeind, Benjamin Reinhart, Can Agca, Debmalya Ray, Phillip W. Halstenberg, Mina Aziziha, Juliano Schorne-Pinto, Theodore M. Besmann, Vyacheslav S. Bryantsev, Sheng Dai, Santanu Roy, and Alexander S. Ivanov. Journal of the American Chemical Society 2024 146 (31), 21220-21224.DOI:10.1021/jacs.4c05765. https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/jacs.4c05765</ref> The molten form of uranium(III) chloride is also a typical compound in pyrochemical processes as it is important in the ] of ]s.<ref name="okamoto1">Okamoto, Y.; Madden, P.; Minato, K. J. Nucl. Mater. 2005, 344, 109–114.</ref> UCl<sub>3</sub> is usually the form that uranium takes as spent fuel in electrorefining processes.<ref name="okamoto1"/><ref>Okamoto, Y.; Kobayashi, F.; Ogawa, T. J. Alloys Compd. 1998, 271, 355–358.</ref> |
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==Hydrates== |
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There are three hydrates of uranium(III) chloride: |
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#UCl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>2H<sub>2</sub>O<sup>.</sup>2CH<sub>3</sub>CN |
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#UCl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>6H<sub>2</sub>O |
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#UCl<sub>3</sub><sup>.</sup>7H<sub>2</sub>O |
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Each are synthesized by the reduction of ] in methylcyanide (]), with specific amounts of water and ].<ref>Mech, A.; Karbowick, M.; Lis, T. Polyhedron. 2006, 25, 2083–2092.</ref> |
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==Precautions== |
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While there are no long-term data on the toxic effects thas UCl<sub>3</sub>, it is important to minimize exposure to this compound when possible. |
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Similar to other uranium compounds that are soluble in water, UCl<sub>3</sub> is likely absorbed into the blood through the alveolar pockets of the lungs within days of exposure. Exposure to uranium(III) chloride leads to ].<ref>Bertell, Rosalie. "Gulf War Veterans and Depleted Uranium." May 1999. Available: http://ccnr.org/du_hague.html</ref> |
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{{commons category|Uranium(III) chloride|lcfirst=yes}} |
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==References== |
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<references/> |
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== External links == |
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* |
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* <span class="plainlinks"></span> International Bio-Analytical Industries, Inc. |
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* |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{Chlorides}} |
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{{Actinide halides}} |
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] |
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] |
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] |