| Revision as of 18:53, 18 September 2011 editCheMoBot (talk | contribs)Bots141,565 edits Updating {{chembox}} (no changed fields - added verified revid - updated 'DrugBank_Ref', 'UNII_Ref', 'ChEMBL_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref', 'KEGG_Ref', 'ChEBI_Ref') per Chem/Drugbox validation (report [[Wikipedia_talk:WikiProject_Chemicals|error← Previous edit |
Latest revision as of 13:31, 3 October 2024 edit undo131.175.147.2 (talk) →Production: Edited sentence "Around 60,000 tonnes per year are prepared in this way annually." to "Around 60,000 tonnes are prepared in this way annually." to remove redundancy between "per year" and "anually" for more ease of reading. |
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| verifiedrevid = 426999709 |
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| Name = Uranium tetrafluoride |
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| verifiedrevid = 451188952 |
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| ImageFile = Kristallstruktur Uran(IV)-fluorid.png |
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| Name = Uranium tetrafluoride |
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| ImageSize = 200px |
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| ImageFile = Uranium_tetrafluoride.jpg |
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| IUPACName = Uranium(IV) fluoride<br/>Uranium tetrafluoride |
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| ImageFile1 = Kristallstruktur Uran(IV)-fluorid.png |
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| OtherNames = |
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| ImageSize1 = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| IUPACName = Uranium(IV) fluoride<br />Uranium tetrafluoride |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| OtherNames = |
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| SystematicName = |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| ChemSpiderID = 14676181 |
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| ChemSpiderID = 14676181 |
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| CASNo = 10049-14-6 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| EINECS = 233-170-1 |
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| PubChem = 61461 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = PJ46VTD8B2 |
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| InChI = 1/4FH.2U/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
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| InChI = 1/4FH.2U/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
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| InChIKey = CWWZGQYYTNZESQ-XBHQNQODAW |
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| InChIKey = CWWZGQYYTNZESQ-XBHQNQODAW |
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| SMILES = ..... |
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| SMILES = F(F)(F)F |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChI = 1S/4FH.2U/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
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| StdInChI = 1S/4FH.2U/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
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| StdInChIKey = CWWZGQYYTNZESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
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| StdInChIKey = CWWZGQYYTNZESQ-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
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| CASNo = 10049-14-6 |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = UF<sub>4</sub> |
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| Formula = UF<sub>4</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 314.02 g/mol |
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| MolarMass = 314.02 g/mol |
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| Appearance = Green crystalline solid. |
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| Appearance = Green crystalline solid |
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| Density = 6.70 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid. |
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| Density = 6.70 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid |
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| Solubility = Insoluble. |
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| Solubility = Insoluble |
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| MeltingPt = 1036 °C |
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| MeltingPtC = 1036 |
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| BoilingPt = 1417 °C |
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| BoilingPtC = 1417 |
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| pKa = |
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| pKa = |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| SpaceGroup = C2/c, No. 15 |
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| SpaceGroup = C2/c, No. 15 |
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| Section4 = |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| EUIndex = 092-002-00-3 |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| EUClass = Very toxic ('''T+''')<br/>Dangerous for the environment ('''N''') |
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| ExternalSDS = |
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| RPhrases = {{R26/28}}, {{R33}}, {{R51/53}} |
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| SPhrases = {{S1/2}}, {{S20/21}}, {{S45}}, {{S61}} |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS06}}{{GHS08}}{{GHS09}} |
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| GHSSignalWord = Danger |
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| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|300|330|373|411}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|}} |
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| FlashPt = Non-flammable |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherAnions = ]<br />]<br />]<br />] |
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| OtherCations = ]<br/>]<br/>]<br/>] |
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| OtherCations = ]<br />]<br />]<br />]<br />] |
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| OtherCpds = ]<br/>] |
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| OtherCompounds = ] |
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{{redirect|Green salt|the salt substitute|Salicornia#Culinary use}} |
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'''Uranium tetrafluoride''' is the ] with the ] UF<sub>4</sub>. It is a green solid with an insignificant ] and low ] in ]. Uranium in its tetravalent (]) state is important in various technological processes. In the uranium refining industry it is known as '''green salt'''.<ref name=Ullmann/> |
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==Production== |
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'''Uranium tetrafluoride''' (UF<sub>4</sub>) is a green crystalline solid compound of ] with an insignificant ] and very slight ] in water. Uranium in its tetravalent (]) state is very important in different technological processes. In the uranium refining industry it is known as '''green salt'''. |
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UF<sub>4</sub> is prepared from ] in a fluidized bed by reaction with ]. The UO<sub>2</sub> is derived from mining operations. Around 60,000 tonnes are prepared in this way annually. A common impurity is ]. UF4 is susceptible to ] as well.<ref name=Ullmann>{{Ullmann |doi=10.1002/14356007.a27_281.pub2|title=Uranium, Uranium Alloys, and Uranium Compounds|year=2007|last1=Peehs|first1=Martin|last2=Walter|first2=Thomas|last3=Walter|first3=Sabine|last4=Zemek|first4=Martin}}</ref> |
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UF<sub>4</sub> is formed by the reaction of ] with hydrogen gas in a vertical tube-type reactor. |
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UF<sub>4</sub> is generally an intermediate in the conversion of ] (UF<sub>6</sub>) to either ]s (U<sub>3</sub>O<sub>8</sub> or UO<sub>2</sub>) or uranium metal. It is formed by the reaction of UF<sub>6</sub> with hydrogen gas in a vertical tube-type reactor or by the action of ](HF) on ]. UF<sub>4</sub> is less stable than the uranium oxides and reacts slowly with moisture at ambient temperature, forming UO<sub>2</sub> and HF, which are very corrosive; it is thus a less favorable form for long-term disposal. The bulk density of UF<sub>4</sub> varies from about 2.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to about 4.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> depending on the production process and the properties of the starting uranium compounds. |
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The bulk ] of UF<sub>4</sub> varies from about 2.0 g/cm<sup>3</sup> to about 4.5 g/cm<sup>3</sup> depending on the production process and the properties of the starting uranium compounds. |
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A ] design, a type of ] where the working fluid is a molten salt, would use UF<sub>4</sub> as the core material. UF<sub>4</sub> is generally chosen over other salts because of the usefulness of the elements without ], better neutron economy and moderating efficiency, lower ] and better chemical stability. |
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A ] design, a type of ] where the working fluid is a ], would use UF<sub>4</sub> as the core material. UF<sub>4</sub> is generally chosen over related compounds because of the usefulness of the elements without ], better neutron economy and moderating efficiency, lower ] and better chemical stability. |
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==Reactions== |
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Like all uranium salts UF<sub>4</sub> is toxic and thus harmful by inhalation, ingestion and through skin contact. Being ] it may also cause cancer, probably through exposure to the breakdown product ] gas and its daughters. |
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Uranium tetrafluoride reacts stepwise with fluorine, first to give ] and then ] UF<sub>6</sub>: |
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:2{{nbsp}}UF<sub>4</sub> + F<sub>2</sub> → 2{{nbsp}}UF<sub>5</sub> |
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:2{{nbsp}}UF<sub>5</sub> + F<sub>2</sub> → 2{{nbsp}}UF<sub>6</sub> |
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UF<sub>4</sub> is reduced by ] to give the metal:<ref name=G&E>{{Greenwood&Earnshaw2nd}} </ref> |
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:UF<sub>4</sub> + 2{{nbsp}}Mg → U + 2{{nbsp}}MgF<sub>2</sub> |
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UF<sub>4</sub> reacts slowly with moisture at ambient temperature, forming UO<sub>2</sub> and HF. |
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==Structure== |
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Like most ]s, UF<sub>4</sub> is a dense highly crosslinked ]. As established by ], the U centres are eight-coordinate with square antiprismatic coordination spheres. The fluoride centres are ].<ref name=G&E/><ref>{{Cite journal | last1 = Kern | first1 = S. | last2 = Hayward | first2 = J. | last3 = Roberts | first3 = S. | last4 = Richardson | first4 = J. W. | last5 = Rotella | first5 = F. J. | last6 = Soderholm | first6 = L. | last7 = Cort | first7 = B. | last8 = Tinkle | first8 = M. | last9 = West | first9 = M. | last10 = Hoisington | first10 = D.| last11 = Lander | first11 = G. A.| doi = 10.1063/1.467963 | title = Temperature Variation of the Structural Parameters in Actinide Tetrafluorides | journal = The Journal of Chemical Physics | volume = 101 | issue = 11 | pages = 9333–9337 | year = 1994 | bibcode = 1994JChPh.101.9333K| url = https://zenodo.org/record/1232099 }}</ref> |
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==Safety== |
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Like all uranium salts, UF<sub>4</sub> is ] and thus harmful by inhalation, ingestion, and through skin contact. |
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==See also== |
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* ] which has the same crystal structure |
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==References of historical interest== |
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* {{Cite journal | last1 = Booth | first1 = H. S. | last2 = Krasny-Ergen | first2 = W. | last3 = Heath | first3 = R. E. | journal = Journal of the American Chemical Society | volume = 68 | issue = 10 | pages = 1969 |title=Uranium Tetrafluoride| year = 1946 | doi = 10.1021/ja01214a028 }} |
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==References== |
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==References== |
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{{Citation style|date=September 2007}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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{{reflist}} |
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*{{cite journal | author= Booth H. S., Krasny-Ergen W.,Heath R. E.| title= Uranium Tetrafluoride | journal= ] | year= 1946| volume= 68| pages= 1969–1970| doi= 10.1021/ja01214a028 | issue= 10}} |
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*{{cite journal | author= S. Kern, J. Hayward,S. Roberts, J. W. Richardson, F. J. Rotella, L. Soderholm, B. Cort, M. Tinkle, M. West, D. Hoisington, G. H. Lander| title= Temperature variation of the structural parameters in actinide tetrafluorides | journal= ] | year= 1994| volume= 101| pages= 9333–9337| doi= 10.1063/1.467963|bibcode = 1994JChPh.101.9333K | issue= 11 }} |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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* {{cite web|url= http://web.ead.anl.gov/uranium/guide/ucompound/propertiesu/tetrafluoride.cfm|title= Uranium Tetrafluoride|work= Appendix A of the PEIS (DOE/EIS-0269)|publisher= Argonne National Laboratory|access-date= 22 November 2011|archive-date= 30 January 2016|archive-url= https://web.archive.org/web/20160130021820/http://web.ead.anl.gov/uranium/guide/ucompound/propertiesu/tetrafluoride.cfm|url-status= dead}} |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{Uranium compounds}} |
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{{fluorides}} |
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{{Actinide halides}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uranium Tetrafluoride}} |
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{{DEFAULTSORT:Uranium Tetrafluoride}} |
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