| Revision as of 15:45, 10 January 2012 editBeetstra (talk | contribs)Edit filter managers, Administrators172,031 edits Saving copy of the {{chembox}} taken from revid 430673866 of page Vanadium_tetrachloride for the Chem/Drugbox validation project (updated: ''). |
Latest revision as of 07:50, 7 February 2023 edit Pbsouthwood (talk | contribs)Administrators150,484 edits more informativTag: Shortdesc helper |
| Line 1: |
Line 1: |
|
|
{{Short description|Chemical reagent used to produce other vanadium compounds}} |
|
{{ambox | text = This page contains a copy of the infobox ({{tl|chembox}}) taken from revid of page ] with values updated to verified values.}} |
|
|
{{chembox |
|
{{chembox |
|
|
| Watchedfields = changed |
|
| verifiedrevid = 402870386 |
|
| verifiedrevid = 470628447 |
| ⚫ |
| Name = Vanadium tetrachloride |
|
|
| ImageFile = Vanadium-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png |
|
| Name = Vanadium tetrachloride |
|
⚫ |
| ImageFileL1 = Vanadium tetrachloride.svg |
|
<!-- | ImageSize = 200px --> |
|
|
| ImageName = Vanadium tetrachloride |
|
| ImageNameL1 = Structural formula of the vanadium tetrachloride molecule |
|
| IUPACName = Vanadium tetrachloride<br/>Vanadium(IV) chloride |
|
| ImageFileR1 = Vanadium-tetrachloride-3D-balls.png |
|
|
| ImageNameR1 = 3D model of the vanadium tetrachloride molecule |
| ⚫ |
| OtherNames = |
|
|
|
| IUPACName = Vanadium tetrachloride<br/>Vanadium(IV) chloride |
| ⚫ |
| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
|
|
⚫ |
| OtherNames = |
| ⚫ |
| InChI = 1/4ClH.2V/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
|
|
⚫ |
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers |
|
⚫ |
| InChI = 1/4ClH.2V/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
|
| InChIKey = UNUHYFVFMNJHJW-XBHQNQODAR |
|
| InChIKey = UNUHYFVFMNJHJW-XBHQNQODAR |
|
| SMILES = ..... |
|
| SMILES = Cl(Cl)(Cl)Cl |
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/4ClH.2V/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
|
| StdInChI = 1S/4ClH.2V/h4*1H;;/q;;;;2*+2/p-4 |
| Line 17: |
Line 19: |
|
| StdInChIKey = UNUHYFVFMNJHJW-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
|
| StdInChIKey = UNUHYFVFMNJHJW-UHFFFAOYSA-J |
|
| CASNo = 7632-51-1 |
|
| CASNo = 7632-51-1 |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}} |
|
|
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
| ⚫ |
| PubChem = 24273 |
|
|
|
| UNII = 2I17MGM5YJ |
|
⚫ |
| PubChem = 24273 |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}} |
|
| ChemSpiderID=19956660 |
|
| ChemSpiderID =19956660 |
|
| RTECS = YW2625000 |
|
| RTECS = YW2625000 |
|
|
| EINECS = 231-561-1 |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
|
|Section2={{Chembox Properties |
|
| Formula = VCl<sub>4</sub> |
|
| Formula = VCl<sub>4</sub> |
|
| MolarMass = 192.75 g/mol |
|
| MolarMass = 192.75 g/mol |
|
| Appearance = bright red liquid, moisture sensitive |
|
| Appearance = bright red liquid, moisture sensitive |
|
| Density = 1.816 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, liquid |
|
| Odor = pungent |
|
|
| Density = 1.816 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, liquid |
|
| Solubility = decomposes |
|
| Solubility = decomposes |
|
|
| SolubleOther = soluble in CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> |
|
| Solvent = other solvents |
|
|
|
| MeltingPtC = −24.5 |
|
| SolubleOther = chlorocarbons |
|
|
|
| BoilingPtC = 148 |
|
| MeltingPt = −28 °C |
|
|
⚫ |
| VaporPressure = 7.9 ] |
|
| BoilingPt = 154 °C |
|
|
|
| MagSus = +1130.0·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol |
| ⚫ |
| VaporPressure = 7.9 ] |
|
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
|
|Section3={{Chembox Structure |
|
| Coordination = tetrahedral |
|
| Coordination = tetrahedral |
|
| CrystalStruct = |
|
| CrystalStruct = |
|
| Dipole = 0 ] |
|
| Dipole = 0 ] |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
|
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards |
|
| ExternalMSDS = |
|
| ExternalSDS = |
|
⚫ |
| MainHazards = toxic; oxidizer; hydrolyzes to release HCl |
|
| EUIndex = Not listed |
|
|
|
| HPhrases = |
| ⚫ |
| MainHazards = oxidizer; hydrolyzes to release HCl |
|
|
| RPhrases = |
|
| PPhrases = |
|
| SPhrases = |
|
| GHS_ref = |
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| NFPA-H = 3 |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
| NFPA-F = 0 |
|
| NFPA-R = 2 |
|
| NFPA-R = 2 |
|
| NFPA-O = W |
|
| NFPA-S = W |
|
|
| LD50 = 160 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
| Section8 = {{Chembox Related |
|
|Section8={{Chembox Related |
|
| OtherAnions = ], ], ] |
|
| OtherAnions = ], ], ] |
|
| OtherCations = ], ], ], ] |
|
| OtherCations = ], ], ], ] |
|
| OtherCpds = ] |
|
| OtherCompounds = ] |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
}} |
|
|
|
|
|
'''Vanadium tetrachloride''' is the ] with the formula ]]<sub>4</sub>. This reddish-brown liquid serves as a useful ] for the preparation of other ] compounds. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Synthesis, bonding, basic properties== |
|
|
With one more valence electron than ] ], VCl<sub>4</sub> is a ] liquid. It is one of only a few paramagnetic compounds that is liquid at room temperature. |
|
|
|
|
|
VCl<sub>4</sub> is prepared by chlorination of vanadium metal. VCl<sub>5</sub> does not form in this reaction; Cl<sub>2</sub> lacks the oxidizing power to attack VCl<sub>4</sub>. ] can however be prepared indirectly from ] at −78 °C.<ref>{{ cite journal | first1 = Farhad | last1 = Tamadon | first2 = Konrad | last2 = Seppelt | title = The Elusive Halides VCl<sub>5</sub>, MoCl<sub>6</sub>, and ReCl<sub>6</sub> | journal = ] | year = 2013 | volume = 52 | issue = 2 | pages = 767–769 | doi = 10.1002/anie.201207552 | pmid = 23172658 }}</ref> |
|
|
|
|
|
==Reactions== |
|
|
Consistent with its high oxidizing power, VCl<sub>4</sub> reacts with HBr at -50 °C to produce ]. The reaction proceeds via VBr<sub>4</sub>, which releases Br<sub>2</sub> during warming to room temperature.<ref>{{cite journal | last1= Calderazzo|first1= F. |last2=Maichle-Mössmer|first2= C.|first3= Pampaloni|last3= G. |first4=Strähle|last4= J. | title = Low-temperature Syntheses of Vanadium(III) and Molybdenum(IV) Bromides by Halide Exchange | journal = ] |issue= 5 | year = 1993 | pages = 655–8| doi = 10.1039/DT9930000655}}</ref> |
|
|
:2 VCl<sub>4</sub> + 8 HBr → 2 VBr<sub>3</sub> + 8 HCl + Br<sub>2</sub> |
|
|
|
|
|
VCl<sub>4</sub> forms ]s with many donor ligands, for example, VCl<sub>4</sub>(])<sub>2</sub>. |
|
|
|
|
|
It is the precursor to ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
===Organic chemistry=== |
|
|
In ], VCl<sub>4</sub> is used for the ] of phenols. For example, it converts ] into a mixture of 4,4'-, 2,4'-, and 2,2'-]s:<ref>{{cite encyclopedia|first1=M. K.|last1= O’Brien|first2= B.|last2= Vanasse |title=Vanadium(IV) Chloride|encyclopedia= Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis |editor-first=L. |editor-last=Paquette |date=2001 |publisher=J. Wiley & Sons |location=New York, NY|doi=10.1002/047084289X.rv001|isbn= 0471936235}}</ref> |
|
|
:2 C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>5</sub>OH + 2 VCl<sub>4</sub> → HOC<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>–C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>4</sub>OH + 2 VCl<sub>3</sub> + 2 HCl |
|
|
|
|
|
==Applications== |
|
|
VCl<sub>4</sub> is a catalyst for the polymerization of alkenes, especially those useful in the rubber industry. The underlying technology is related to ], which involves the intermediacy of vanadium alkyls. |
|
|
|
|
|
==Safety considerations== |
|
|
VCl<sub>4</sub> is a volatile, aggressive oxidant that readily hydrolyzes to release ]. |
|
|
|
|
|
==References== |
|
|
<references/> |
|
|
|
|
|
{{Vanadium compounds}} |
|
|
{{Chlorides}} |
|
|
|
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |
|
|
] |