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{{chembox |
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{{chembox |
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| verifiedrevid = 394907738 |
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| Name = Zinc nitride |
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| Name = Zinc nitride |
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| OtherNames = |
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| OtherNames = |
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| ImageFile=Tl2O3structure.jpg |
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| ImageFile=Tl2O3structure.jpg |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| Section1 = {{Chembox Identifiers |
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| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|??}} |
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| CASNo = 1313-49-1 |
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| CASNo = 1313-49-1 |
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| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}} |
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| UNII = 7OOJ6UE14L |
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| PubChem = 12130759 |
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| EC_number = 215-207-3 |
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| StdInChI=1S/2N.3Zn/q2*-1;;;+2 |
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| StdInChIKey = AKJVMGQSGCSQBU-UHFFFAOYSA-N |
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| SMILES = =.=. |
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}} |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Section2 = {{Chembox Properties |
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| Formula = Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> |
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| Formula = Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> |
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| MolarMass = 244.15 g/mol<ref name="sangeeta"/> |
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| MolarMass = 224.154 g/mol |
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| Appearance = gray powder<ref name="sangeeta"/> |
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| Appearance = blue-gray cubic crystals<ref name="crc"/> |
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| Density = 6.22 g/cm³, solid<ref name="sangeeta"/> |
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| Density = 6.22 g/cm<sup>3</sup>, solid<ref name="crc"/> |
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| Solubility = insoluble (decomposes) |
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| Solubility = insoluble, reacts |
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| MeltingPt = |
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| MeltingPt = decomposes 700°C<ref name="crc"/> |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| BoilingPt = |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| Section3 = {{Chembox Structure |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| CrystalStruct = ], ] |
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| SpaceGroup = Ia-3, No. 206<ref name="sangeeta"/><ref name="partin"/> |
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| SpaceGroup = Ia-3, No. 206<ref name="partin"/> |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| Section7 = {{Chembox Hazards |
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| GHSPictograms = {{GHS07}} |
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| EUClass = not listed |
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| GHSSignalWord = Warning |
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| HPhrases = {{H-phrases|315|319}} |
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| PPhrases = {{P-phrases|264|280|302+352|305+351+338|321|332+313|337+313|362}} |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-H = 1 |
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| NFPA-R = 1 |
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| NFPA-R = 2 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-F = 0 |
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| NFPA-S = w |
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'''Zinc nitride''' (]]) is an ] of ] and ]. In pure form, it is cubic in structure.<ref name="sangeeta"> |
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'''Zinc nitride''' (]]) is an ] of ] and ], usually obtained as (blue)grey crystals. It is a semiconductor. In pure form, it has the anti-] structure. |
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{{cite book |
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| last = Sangeeta |
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| first = D. |
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| title = Inorganic Materials Chemistry Desk Reference |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=bdGXyilNsGMC&pg=PA278&dq=%22Zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-09-30 |
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| year = 1997 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| location = |
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| isbn = 978-0-8493-8900-3 |
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| page = 278}}</ref><ref name="partin"> |
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{{cite journal |
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| author = Partin, D.E., D.J. Williams, and M. O'Keeffe |
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| year = 1997 |
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| title = The Crystal Structures of Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub>and Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> |
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| journal = Journal of Solid State Chemistry |
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| volume = 132 |
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| issue = 1 |
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| pages = 56–59 |
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| doi = 10.1006/jssc.1997.7407 |
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| url = http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/els/00224596/1997/00000132/00000001/art97407 |
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| accessdate = 2007-05-03}}</ref> |
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==Chemical properties== |
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==Chemical properties== |
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Zinc nitride can be obtained by ] zincamide (zinc diamine)<ref name="roscoe">{{cite book | author-link1 = Henry Enfield Roscoe | author1 = Roscoe, H. E. | author-link2 = Carl Schorlemmer | author2 = Schorlemmer, C. | orig-year = 1878 | title = A Treatise on Chemistry: Volume II, The Metals | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=-K0EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA650 | access-date = 2007-11-01 | edition = 4th | year = 1907 | publisher = ] | location = London | pages = 650–651 }}</ref> in an ] environment, at temperatures in excess of 200 ]. The by-product of the reaction is ].<ref name="bloxam">{{cite book | last = Bloxam | first = C. L. | title = Chemistry, Inorganic and Organic | url = https://archive.org/details/chemistryinorga02bloxgoog | access-date = 2007-10-31 | edition = 9th | year = 1903 | publisher = P. Blakiston's Son & Co. | location = Philadelphia | page = }}</ref> |
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Zinc nitride can be obtained by ] zincamide (zinc ])<ref name="roscoe"> |
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<blockquote>3 Zn(])<sub>2</sub> → Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 4 ]</blockquote> |
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{{cite book |
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| author = ], and ] |
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| origyear = 1878 |
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| title = A Treatise on Chemistry: Volume II, The Metals |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=-K0EAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA650&dq=%22zinc+nitride%22#PPA650,M1 |
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| accessdate = 2007-11-01 |
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| edition = 4th |
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| year = 1907 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| location = ] |
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| pages = 650–51}}</ref> |
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in an ] environment, at temperatures in excess of 200 ]. The by-product of the ] is ].<ref name="bloxam"> |
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{{cite book |
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| last = Bloxam |
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| first = Charles Loudon |
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| title = Chemistry, inorganic and organic |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=f9StqQ8YBtwC&pg=PA380&dq=%22Zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-10-31 |
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| edition = 9th |
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| year = 1903 |
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| publisher = P. Blakiston's Son & Co. |
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| location = ] |
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| page = 380}}</ref> |
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<blockquote>3Zn(])<sub>2</sub> → Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 4]</blockquote> |
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It can also be formed by heating zinc to 315 ] in a current of ammonia; the by-product is ].<ref name="roscoe"/><ref> |
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It can also be formed by heating zinc to 600 ] in a current of ammonia; the by-product is ].<ref name="roscoe"/><ref> |
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{{cite book | last = Lowry | first = M. T. | author-link = Thomas Martin Lowry | title = Inorganic Chemistry | url = https://books.google.com/books?id=umQ6AAAAMAAJ&q=%22zinc+nitride%22 | access-date = 2007-11-01 | year = 1922 | publisher = ] | page = 872 }}</ref> |
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{{cite book |
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<blockquote>3 ] + 2 ] → Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 3 ]</blockquote> The decomposition of Zinc Nitride into the elements at the same temperature is a competing reaction.<ref name="max">{{citation| title = Ammonia and the Nitrides| first =E.B.|last = Maxtead| year = 1921|pages= 69–20}}</ref> At 700 °C Zinc Nitride decomposes.<ref name="crc">{{citation| title = CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics| edition = 96|at =§4-100 Physical Constants of Inorganic Compounds }}</ref> It has also been made by producing an electric discharge between zinc electrodes in a nitrogen atmosphere.<ref name="max"/><ref name="z2"/> Thin films have been produced by ] of Bis(bis(trimethylsilyl)amido]zinc with ammonia gas onto silica or ZnO coated alumina at 275 to 410 °C.<ref>{{citation| title = MOCVD of the Cubic Zinc Nitride Phase, Zn3N2, Using Zn2 and Ammonia as Precursors| first1 = E.| last1 = Maile |first2= R. A.|last2= Fischer|doi = 10.1002/cvde.200506383 | journal = Chemical Vapor Deposition| volume = 11| issue = 10| pages = 409–414| date =Oct 2005}}</ref> |
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| last = Lowry |
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| first = Martin Thomas |
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The crystal structure is anti-] with ]. (]).<ref name="partin">{{cite journal | last1 = Partin| first1 = D. E.|last2= Williams| first2= D. J.| last3 = O'Keeffe| first3 = M. | year = 1997 | title = The Crystal Structures of Mg<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> and Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> | journal = Journal of Solid State Chemistry | volume = 132 | issue = 1 | pages = 56–59 | doi = 10.1006/jssc.1997.7407 |bibcode = 1997JSSCh.132...56P }}</ref><ref name="z2"/> The heat of formation is c. {{convert|24|kcal}} per mol.<ref name="z2">{{citation| title = A Comprehensive Treatise on Inorganic and Theoretical Chemistry| volume = 8, Part 1| pages = 160–161| year = 1964| first = J.W.| last = Mellor}}</ref> It is a semiconductor with a reported bandgap of c. 3.2eV,<ref name="semi">{{citation| url = http://cpl.iphy.ac.cn/fileup/PDF/2007-1061.pdf| journal = Chin. Phys. Lett.| volume = 24| number = 12 | year =2007| page = 3477 | title = Structural and Optical Properties of Zinc Nitride Films Prepared by Pulsed Filtered Cathodic Vacuum Arc Deposition | first1 = S.T. |last1 = Ebru | first3 = K.| last3 = Hamide| first2 = E.|last2= Ramazan| doi=10.1088/0256-307x/24/12/051| bibcode =2007ChPhL..24.3477S| s2cid = 123496085}}</ref> however, a thin zinc nitride film prepared by electrolysis of molten salt mixture containing Li<sub>3</sub>N with a zinc electrode showed a band-gap of 1.01 eV.<ref>{{citation|title =Optical properties of zinc nitride formed by molten salt electrochemical process| first1 = Kazuaki |last1 = Toyoura|first2= Hiroyuki|last2= Tsujimura| first3 = Takuya|last3 = Goto |first4 = Kan |last4= Hachiya| first5= Rika|last5= Hagiwara|first6 = Yasuhiko|last6 = Ito| journal = Thin Solid Films| volume = 492| issue = 1–2 | year = 2005| pages = 88–92 | doi = 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.06.057 |bibcode=2005TSF...492...88T}}</ref> |
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| authorlink = Thomas Martin Lowry |
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| title = Inorganic Chemistry |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=umQ6AAAAMAAJ&dq=%22zinc+nitride%22&q=%22zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-11-01 |
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| year = 1922 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| location = |
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| page = 872}}</ref> |
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<blockquote>3] + 2] → Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 3]</blockquote> |
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Zinc nitride reacts violently with ] to form ammonia and ].<ref name="roscoe"/><ref name="bloxam"/> |
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Zinc nitride reacts violently with ] to form ammonia and ].<ref name="roscoe"/><ref name="bloxam"/> |
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<blockquote>Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 3] → 3] + 2]</blockquote> |
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<blockquote>Zn<sub>3</sub>N<sub>2</sub> + 3 ] → 3 ] + 2 ]</blockquote> |
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Zinc nitride reacts with lithium (produced in an electrochemical cell) by insertion. The initial reaction is the irreversible conversion into LiZn in a matrix of ''beta''-]. These products then can be converted reversibly and electrochemically into LiZnN and metallic Zn.<ref>{{cite book |author1=Amatucci, G. G. |author2=Pereira, N. |editor1=Nazri, G.-A. |editor2=Pistoia, G. | title = Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology | chapter-url = https://books.google.com/books?id=k4duxuea3eIC&pg=PA256 | access-date = 2007-11-01 | year = 2004 | publisher = ] | isbn = 978-1-4020-7628-2 | chapter = Nitride and Silicide Negative Electrodes | page = 256 }}</ref><ref>{{citation| title = The Electrochemistry of Zn3 N 2 and LiZnN - A Lithium Reaction Mechanism for Metal Nitride Electrodes| first1 = N.| last1 = Pereiraa| first2= L.C.| last2 = Klein| first3= G.G.| last3 = Amatuccia| journal = Journal of the Electrochemical Society | doi = 10.1149/1.1446079|year = 2002 |volume = 149 | issue = 3 | pages = A262| bibcode = 2002JElS..149A.262P}}</ref> |
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It is ] in ]<ref> |
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{{cite book |
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| author = Comey, Arthur Messinger, Dorothy A. Hahn |
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| title = A Dictionary of Chemical Solubilities: Inorganic |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=7L0MAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA1124&dq=%22zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-11-01 |
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| edition = 2nd |
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| year = 1921 |
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| month = February |
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| publisher = ] |
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| location = ] |
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| page = 1124}}</ref> |
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and "] reacts with ] ]".<ref> |
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{{cite book |
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| author = Amatucci, G.G., and N. Pereira |
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| editor = Gholam-Abbas Nazri and Gianfranco Pistoia |
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| title = Lithium Batteries: Science and Technology |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=k4duxuea3eIC&pg=PA256&dq=%22zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-11-01 |
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| year = 2004 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| location = |
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| isbn = 978-1-4020-7628-2 |
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| chapter = Nitride and Silicide Negative Electrodes |
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| page = 256}}</ref> |
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Like ] (]]) and ] (]]), it has a high ].<ref> |
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{{cite book |
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| author = Grolier Incorporated |
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| title = Academic American Encyclopedia |
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| url = http://books.google.com/?id=YgI4E7w5JI8C&dq=%22zinc+nitride%22&q=%22zinc+nitride%22 |
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| accessdate = 2007-11-01 |
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| year = 1994 |
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| publisher = Grolier Inc. |
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| location = ] |
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| isbn = 0717220532 |
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| page = 202}}</ref> |
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==See also== |
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==See also== |
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==Further reading== |
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==Further reading== |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Futsuhara, M. |author2=Yoshioka, K. |author3=Takai, O. | year = 1998 | title = Structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc nitride thin films prepared by reactive RF magnetron sputtering | journal = Thin Solid Films | volume = 322 | issue = 1 | pages = 274–281 | doi = 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00910-3 |bibcode = 1998TSF...322..274F }} |
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* {{cite journal |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Lyutaya, M. D. |author2=Bakuta, S. A. | year = 1980 | title = Synthesis of the nitrides of Group II elements | journal = Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics | volume = 19 | issue = 2 | pages = 118–122 | doi = 10.1007/BF00792038 |s2cid=93036462 }} |
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| author = Futsuhara M., Yoshioka K., and Takai O. |
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* {{cite journal |author1=Wu, P. |author2=Tiedje, T. | year = 2016 | title = Molecular beam epitaxy growth and optical properties of single crystal Zn3N2 films | journal = ] | volume = 31 | issue = 10 | pages = 1–4 | doi=10.1088/0268-1242/31/10/10LT01 | bibcode=2016SeScT..31jLT01W |s2cid=99713171 }} |
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| date = 1998-06-08 |
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| title = Structural, electrical and optical properties of zinc nitride thin films prepared by reactive rf magnetron sputtering |
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| journal = Thin Solid Films |
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| volume = 322 |
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| issue = 1 |
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| pages = 274–81 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| doi = 10.1016/S0040-6090(97)00910-3}} |
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* {{cite journal |
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| author = Lyutaya, M.D., and S.A. Bakuta |
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| year = 1980 |
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| month = February |
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| title = Synthesis of the nitrides of Group II elements |
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| journal = Powder Metallurgy and Metal Ceramics |
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| volume = 19 |
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| issue = 2 |
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| pages = 118–22 |
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| publisher = ] |
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| doi = 10.1007/BF00792038}} |
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==External links== |
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==External links== |
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{{Zinc compounds}} |
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{{Zinc compounds}} |
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{{Nitrides}} |
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{{inorganic-compound-stub}} |
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