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1216 Askania, provisional designation 1932 BL, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 9 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 29 January 1932, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany. It was named after the company Askania Werke, a German manufacturer of precision instruments.

Orbit and classification

Askania orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.6 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,219 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.18 and an inclination of 8° with respect to the ecliptic. The asteroid is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest families in the asteroid belt. Conversely, it is considered a background asteroid when applying the hierarchical clustering method to it proper orbital elements.

The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Heidelberg in 1932. In July 1906, a first precovery was taken at the Lowell Observatory, and in April 1909, the asteroid was first identified at the discovering observatory as A909 GF.

Naming

The minor planet was named after "Askania Werke AG", a manufacturer of optical and astronomical instruments in Berlin (also see Cinetheodolite). The company went on to develop the auto pilot of the V-1 bomb in the following years. The official naming citation was published by Paul Herget in The Names of the Minor Planets in 1955 (H 112).

Physical characteristics

In the Tholen classification, Askania is a common stony S-type asteroid.

Lightcurves

Lightcurve observations of Askania at the Menke Observatory in July 2006, show a well-defined periodicity of 6.536 hours, during which time the brightness of the body varies by 0.30 magnitude (U=3-).

Diameter and albedo

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite, and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, Askania measures between 7.21 and 10.533 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.064 and 0.15.

The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, an stony asteroid and largest member and namesake of the Flora family – and calculates a diameter of 5.44 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 13.49.

Notes

1. ^ The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link groups any asteroid into the Flora family that has a semi-major axis, inclination and eccentricity in the following ranges: 2.15 < a < 2.35; 0.03 < e < 0.23: 1.5 < i < 8. However, modern synthetic clustering models exclude (1216) Askania from the Flora family, see AstDyS-2 and Nesvorny HCM Asteroid Families V3.0.

References

1. ^ "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1216 Askania (1932 BL)" (2016-11-23 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
2. ^ Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1216) Askania". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1216) Askania. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 101. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1217. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
3. ^ "LCDB Data for (1216) Askania". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 24 July 2017.
4. ^ Alfvén, H. (May 1969). "Asteroidal Jet Streams". Astrophysics and Space Science. 4 (1): 84–102(Ap&SSHomepage). Bibcode:1969Ap&SS...4...84A. doi:10.1007/BF00651264. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
5. ^ "Asteroid 1216 Askania – Proper Elements". AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site. Retrieved 28 October 2019.
6. ^ Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
7. ^ Nugent, C. R.; Mainzer, A.; Masiero, J.; Bauer, J.; Cutri, R. M.; Grav, T.; et al. (December 2015). "NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 814 (2): 13. arXiv:1509.02522. Bibcode:2015ApJ...814..117N. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
8. ^ Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
9. ^ Menke, John; Cooney, Walt; Gross, John; Terrell, Dirk; Higgins, David (October 2008). "Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at Menke Observatory". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 35 (4): 155–160. Bibcode:2008MPBu...35..155M. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
10. ^ "1216 Askania (1932 BL)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 24 July 2017.
11. Zaloga, Steven (2005). V-1 Flying Bomb 1942–52. Oxford, UK: Osprey Publishing. p. 6. ISBN 978-1-84176-791-8.

External links

• 944 V-1 Flying Bomb Technical film – Askania Werke presents on YouTube (min. 4:34)
• Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info Archived 16 December 2017 at the Wayback Machine)
• Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books
• Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend
• Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center
• 1216 Askania at AstDyS-2, Asteroids—Dynamic Site
  • Ephemeris · Observation prediction · Orbital info · Proper elements · Observational info
• 1216 Askania at the JPL Small-Body Database
  • Close approach · Discovery · Ephemeris · Orbit viewer · Orbit parameters · Physical parameters

• Minor planet object articles (numbered)
• Flora asteroids
• Discoveries by Karl Wilhelm Reinmuth
• Named minor planets
• S-type asteroids (Tholen)
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1932