Monomer | |
Names | |
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Preferred IUPAC name 2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline | |
Other names 1,2-Dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline | |
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Properties | |
Chemical formula | C12H15N |
Molar mass | 173.259 g·mol |
Appearance | Solid |
Density | 1.042 at 20°C |
Melting point | 48 °C (118 °F; 321 K) |
Solubility in water | 1 mg/L |
Hazards | |
GHS labelling: | |
Signal word | Warning |
Hazard statements | H412 |
Precautionary statements | P273 |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references |
2,2,4-Trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline (usually abbreviated TMQ, known historically as Acetone-anil) is an aminic antioxidant commonly used as a stabiliser in rubbers and some plastics.
Synthesis
TMQ is produced by a poly-condensation reaction between aniline and acetone.
Structure
The structure of TMQ is often represented by the monomer; however, the commercial material is typically a complex mixture of oligomers. Dimers, trimers, and tetramers are common, but high molecular weight versions are also available. ECHA includes nearly a dozen compounds in the registration for TMQ. Differences in composition between suppliers can affect performance, resulting a complex market.
Applications
TMQ is primarily used in rubber. It is a good antioxidant, but it gives low protection against flex cracking (fatigue) and is not effective as an antiozonant. In tire formulations it is often paired with 6PPD. The high molecular weight of TMQ oligomers makes them non-volatile and therefore more effective as long term heat-protection agents. It also makes them less likely to leach out of the polymer. A TMQ is relatively inert towards the cross-linking peroxides used to produce EPDM, or PEX and it therefore also sees use in these polymers.
See also
- Ethoxyquin - a structurally related antioxidant used as a preservative in foods
References
- "2,4-DIMETHYLQUINOLINE". Organic Syntheses. 28: 49. 1948. doi:10.15227/orgsyn.028.0049.
- "Registration Dossier - ECHA". echa.europa.eu. Retrieved 8 January 2025.
- Wiley-VCH, ed. (2003-03-11). "Rubber, 9. Chemicals and Additives". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry (1 ed.). Wiley. doi:10.1002/14356007.a23_365.pub3. ISBN 978-3-527-30385-4.