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Gastón Gaudio defeated Guillermo Coria in the final, 0–6, 3–6, 6–4, 6–1, 8–6 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2004 French Open. It was his first and only major title, and Gaudio became the first Argentine to win a major since Guillermo Vilas at the 1979 Australian Open. Gaudio came back from two sets down, saved two championship points, and twice broke Coria's serve when the latter was serving for the championship.
Juan Carlos Ferrero was the defending champion, but was defeated in the second round by Igor Andreev, in what was his first loss at the French Open prior to the semifinals.
This was the first major where Roger Federer competed as the world No. 1. He lost in the third round to former No. 1 and three-time champion Gustavo Kuerten, in his last pre-quarterfinal exit from a major until the 2013 Wimbledon Championships, a run of 36 quarterfinals or better in a row. Until 2023, this was the last French Open not to feature future 14-time champion Rafael Nadal, who withdrew prior to the tournament due to an ankle injury sustained in Estoril in mid-April.
This was the last time that none of the Big Three reached the round of 16 at a Grand Slam until the 2024 US Open. Furthermore, this is the most recent men's Grand Slam to be won by an unseeded player.