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Paleontology or palaeontology is the study of prehistoric life forms on Earth through the examination of plant and animal fossils. This includes the study of body fossils, tracks (ichnites), burrows, cast-off parts, fossilised feces (coprolites), palynomorphs and chemical residues. Because humans have encountered fossils for millennia, paleontology has a long history both before and after becoming formalized as a science. This article records significant discoveries and events related to paleontology that occurred or were published in the year 2019.

Research

• A study aiming to reconstruct the life cycle of the Early Cambrian brachiopods is published by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).
• A study on the anatomy of plectambonitoid specimens from the Middle Ordovician of Russia, and on its implications for the knowledge of life cycles of these brachiopods, is published online by Madison & Kuzmina (2019).
• A study on the petrographic and geochemical preservation of Ordovician dalmanelloid shells from the Lexington Formation of Kentucky, Sheguindah Shale of Ontario and the Stony Mountain Formation of Manitoba, aiming to test the hypothesis of paleo-latitudinal zonation of the shelly benthos, is published by Azmy & Jin (2019).
• A study on the phylogenetic relationships among strophomenoid brachiopods and on the biogeographical changes in the strophomenoids through time (focusing on the impact of the Late Ordovician mass extinction on the evolutionary history of strophomenoids) is published by Congreve, Krug & Patzkowsky (2019).
• A study on the internal structure of the shell of Semiplanella carinthica is published by Pakhnevich (2019), who names a new tribe Semiplanellini in the subfamily Gigantoproductinae.
• A study on the diet of species of Gigantoproductus from the Viséan of Derbyshire (United Kingdom), and on its implications for the knowledge of mechanisms that enabled those brachiopod species to reach large sizes, is published by Angiolini et al. (2019).
• A study on the relative importance of brachiopods and bivalves in the fossil assemblages from the Carboniferous Pennsylvanian Breathitt Formation of Kentucky is published by Hsieh, Bush & Bennington (2019).
• Description of a specimen of a Permian brachiopod species Spiriferella protodraschei bearing ventrally directed spiralia (lophophore-supporting, coiled internal structures), and a study on the morphology of these structures and their implications for the knowledge of the feeding system of this brachiopod, is published by Lee et al. (2019).
• A study on the evolution of the body size of brachiopods from the Late Permian to the Middle Triassic, as indicated by brachiopod specimens from South China, is published by Chen et al. (2019).
• A study on the biogeography of Pliensbachian brachiopods in western Tethys Ocean is published online by Vörös & Escarguel (2019).
• A study on changes in the body size of benthic marine brachiopods and bivalves from the Lusitanian Basin (Portugal) before the Toarcian oceanic anoxic event is published by Piazza et al. (2019).
• A study on the impact of the early Toarcian extinction event on fossil brachiopods and bivalves known from the Iberian Range (Spain) is published by Danise et al. (2019).

New taxa

References

1. Gini-Newman, Garfield; Graham, Elizabeth (2001). Echoes from the past: world history to the 16th century. Toronto: McGraw-Hill Ryerson Ltd. ISBN 9780070887398. OCLC 46769716.
2. Anna A. Madison; Tatyana V. Kuzmina (2019). "Early Paleozoic brachiopod larva: true larva, not a juvenile". Invertebrate Zoology. 16 (1): 41–47. doi:10.15298/invertzool.16.1.05.
3. Anna A. Madison; Tatyana V. Kuzmina (2019). "The tube-like structures on the juvenile shells of earliest strophomenides and billingsellides as evidence of their life cycles". Lethaia. 53 (1): 91–105. doi:10.1111/let.12342.
4. Karem Azmy; Jisuo Jin (2019). "Geochemistry of Late Ordovician dalmanelloid brachiopods from Laurentia: testing the effects of paleolatitudinal gradient". Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences. 56 (3): 235–244. Bibcode:2019CaJES..56..235A. doi:10.1139/cjes-2018-0181. hdl:1807/93806.
5. Curtis R. Congreve; Andrew Z. Krug; Mark E. Patzkowsky (2019). "Evolutionary and biogeographical shifts in response to the Late Ordovician mass extinction". Palaeontology. 62 (2): 267–285. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..267C. doi:10.1111/pala.12397.
6. A.V. Pakhnevich (2019). "Shell interior of Semiplanella carinthica Sarytcheva et Legrand-Blain (Brachiopoda, Productida)". Paleontological Journal. 53 (2): 132–139. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..132P. doi:10.1134/S0031030119020102. S2CID 195319214.
7. Lucia Angiolini; Gaia Crippa; Karem Azmy; Giancarlo Capitani; Giorgia Confalonieri; Giovanna Della Porta; Erika Griesshaber; David A. T. Harper; Melanie J. Leng; Leah Nolan; Marco Orlandi; Renato Posenato; Wolfgang W. Schmahl; Vanessa J. Banks; Michael H. Stephenson (2019). "The giants of the phylum Brachiopoda: a matter of diet?" (PDF). Palaeontology. 62 (6): 889–917. Bibcode:2019Palgy..62..889A. doi:10.1111/pala.12433. hdl:2434/657756.
8. Shannon Hsieh; Andrew M. Bush; J Bret Bennington (2019). "Were bivalves ecologically dominant over brachiopods in the late Paleozoic? A test using exceptionally preserved fossil assemblages". Paleobiology. 45 (2): 265–279. Bibcode:2019Pbio...45..265H. doi:10.1017/pab.2019.3. S2CID 92276882.
9. Sangmin Lee; G. R. Shi; Jikhan Jung; Na Kyung Kim (2019). "Discovery of ventrally directed spiralia in a Permian spiriferellid brachiopod and implications for its feeding system". Lethaia. 52 (4): 513–522. Bibcode:2019Letha..52..513L. doi:10.1111/let.12328. hdl:10536/DRO/DU:30121827.
10. Jing Chen; Haijun Song; Weihong He; Jinnan Tong; Fengyu Wang; Shunbao Wu (2019). "Size variation of brachiopods from the Late Permian through the Middle Triassic in South China: Evidence for the Lilliput Effect following the Permian-Triassic extinction". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 519: 248–257. Bibcode:2019PPP...519..248C. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.07.013.
11. Attila Vörös; Gilles Escarguel (2019). "Brachiopod palaeobiogeography in the western Tethys during the Early Jurassic diversity maximum: introduction of a Pontic Province". Lethaia. 53 (1): 72–90. doi:10.1111/let.12337.
12. Veronica Piazza; Luís V. Duarte; Johan Renaudie; Martin Aberhan (2019). "Reductions in body size of benthic macroinvertebrates as a precursor of the early Toarcian (Early Jurassic) extinction event in the Lusitanian Basin, Portugal". Paleobiology. 45 (2): 296–316. Bibcode:2019Pbio...45..296P. doi:10.1017/pab.2019.11.
13. Silvia Danise; Marie-Emilie Clémence; Gregory D. Price; Daniel P. Murphy; Juan J. Gómez; Richard J. Twitchett (2019). "Stratigraphic and environmental control on marine benthic community change through the early Toarcian extinction event (Iberian Range, Spain)". Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology. 524: 183–200. Bibcode:2019PPP...524..183D. doi:10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.03.039. hdl:10026.1/13668.
14. ^ Bing Huang; David A. T. Harper; Hang-Hang Zhou; Ren-Bin Zhan; Yi Wang; Peng Tang; Jun-Ye Ma; Guang-Xu Wang; Di Chen; Yu-Chen Zhang; Xiao-Cong Luan; Jia-Yu Rong (2019). "A new Cathaysiorthis (Brachiopoda) fauna from the lower Llandovery of eastern Qinling, China" (PDF). Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (3): 537–557. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..537H. doi:10.1002/spp2.1253.
15. ^ V.V. Baranov; R.B. Blodgett (2019). "New rhynchonellides (Brachiopoda) from the lower Pragian (Soda Creek Limestone) of west-central Alaska". Paleontological Journal. 53 (2): 120–131. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..120B. doi:10.1134/S0031030119020035. S2CID 195299869.
16. ^ Zhen Guo; Zhong-Qiang Chen; David A. T. Harper (2019). "The Anisian (Middle Triassic) brachiopod fauna from Qingyan, Guizhou, south-western China" (PDF). Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (8): 647–701. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1682695. S2CID 209602938.
17. ^ Wei-Hong He; G. R. Shi; Shu-Zhong Shen; Ting-Lu Yang; Yang Zhang; Hui-Ting Wu; Han Wang; Jian-Jun Bu (2019). "Systematic Palaeontology". In Wei-Hong He; G.R. Shi; Ke-Xin Zhang; Ting-Lu Yang; Shu-Zhong Shen; Yang Zhang (eds.). Brachiopods around the Permian-Triassic boundary of South China. Springer. pp. 61–224. doi:10.1007/978-981-13-1041-6_9. ISBN 978-981-13-1040-9.
18. ^ L. Robin M. Cocks; Leonid E. Popov (2019). "Early Ordovician brachiopods from south-west Wales". Proceedings of the Geologists' Association. 130 (6): 677–690. Bibcode:2019PrGA..130..677C. doi:10.1016/j.pgeola.2019.02.001.
19. ^ Sangmin Lee; G. R. Shi; Jusun Woo; Tae-Yoon S. Park; Jae-Ryong Oh; Na Kyung Kim; Hans A. Nakrem; Jun-Ichi Tazawa (2019). "Permian spiriferellid brachiopods from northern Pangaea: taxonomy, biostratigraphy, macroevolution and implications for palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical reconstructions". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 17 (22): 1871–1925. Bibcode:2019JSPal..17.1871L. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1570569. S2CID 92144947.
20. ^ B. Gudveig Baarli (2019). "Survival and recovery atrypid fauna following the terminal Ordovician extinction, the Atrypinae: central Oslo Region, Norway". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (3): 403–440. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1620228. S2CID 198270478.
21. ^ Donald Alexander Bankier MacFarlan (2019). "Early Jurassic terebratulide brachiopods from Zealandia". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (3): 551–586. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/12160.
22. Lars E. Holmer; Liang Yue; Zhiliang Zhang; Zhifei Zhang (2019). "The problematic lingulate brachiopod Aulonotreta from the Ordovician (Dapingian–Darriwilian) of Baltoscandia". Estonian Journal of Earth Sciences. 68 (4): 206–224. doi:10.3176/earth.2019.15.
23. João Marcelo Pais de Rezende; Deusana Maria da Costa Machado; Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira Ponciano (2019). "A taxonomic review of the brachiopod genus Australocoelia (Boucot & Gill, 1956) in the Devonian of Brazil". Zootaxa. 4683 (4): 515–530. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4683.4.3. PMID 31715909.
24. ^ Eugen Grădinaru; Maurizio Gaetani (2019). "Upper Spathian to Bithynian (Lower to Middle Triassic) brachiopods from North Dobrogea (Romania)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (1): 91–123. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/11182.
25. ^ Lars E. Holmer; Mohammad-Reza Kebria-ee Zadeh; Leonid E. Popov; Mansoureh Ghobadi Pour; J. Javier Álvaro; Vachik Hairapetian; Zhifei Zhang (2019). "Cambrian rhynchonelliform nisusioid brachiopods: phylogeny and distribution". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (3): 559–575. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..559H. doi:10.1002/spp2.1255. hdl:10261/187807.
26. ^ Rémy Gourvennec (2019). "Silurian-Devonian Spiriferida and Spiriferinida (Brachiopods) from the Tindouf Basin (Algeria)". Palaeontographica Abteilung A. 313 (4–6): 81–149. Bibcode:2019PalAA.313...81G. doi:10.1127/pala/2019/0083.
27. ^ Fernando Julián Lavié; Fernanda Serra; Nicolás Alexis Feltes (2019). "Linguliform microbrachiopods from Las Aguaditas and Las Chacritas Formations (Middle-Upper Ordovician) of Argentine Precordillera". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (3): 651–668. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/12169.
28. ^ Alfréd Dulai (2019). "New data on the late Miocene brachiopod fauna of Tetti Borelli (Piedmont, N Italy)". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (1): 125–145. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/11228.
29. Miguel A. Torres-Martínez; Daniela P. Heredia-Jiménez; Francisco Sour-Tovar; Blanca E. Buitrón-Sánchez; Ricardo Barragán (2019). "Permian brachiopods from Chiapas, Mexico: new stratigraphical and paleobiogeographical insights". PalZ. 93 (4): 607–624. Bibcode:2019PalZ...93..607T. doi:10.1007/s12542-018-0436-2. S2CID 134910940.
30. ^ Bernard Mottequin; Konrad Bartzsch; Eric Simon; Dieter Weyer (2019). "Brachiopod faunas from the basinal facies of southeastern Thuringia (Germany) before and after the Hangenberg Crisis (Devonian–Carboniferous boundary)". Palaeontologia Electronica. 22 (1): Article number 22.1.16. doi:10.26879/833.
31. ^ L. R. M. Cocks (2019). "Llandovery brachiopods from England and Wales". Monographs of the Palaeontographical Society. 172 (652): 1–262. Bibcode:2019MPalS.172....1C. doi:10.1080/02693445.2018.1537165. S2CID 155596654.
32. Marissa J. Betts; Thomas M. Claybourn; Glenn A. Brock; James B. Jago; Christian B. Skovsted; John R. Paterson (2019). "Shelly fossils from the lower Cambrian White Point Conglomerate, Kangaroo Island, South Australia". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (3): 489–522. doi:10.4202/app.00586.2018.
33. ^ I. N. Manankov (2019). "New spiriferids (Brachiopoda) from the middle–late Permian of northeastern Mongolian Boreal Basin". Paleontological Journal. 53 (6): 611–615. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..611M. doi:10.1134/S0031030119060054. S2CID 210926317.
34. ^ László Bujtor; Attila Vörös (2019). "New kingenoid (Terebratellidina) brachiopods with larger body sizes from the Early Cretaceous of Zengővárkony (Mecsek Mountains, Hungary)" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 94 (3): 475–488. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.94. S2CID 212970715.
35. ^ G. T. Ushatinskaya; I. V. Korovnikov (2019). "Revision of the Early and Middle Cambrian acrotretids (Brachiopoda, Linguliformea) from the Siberian Platform". Paleontological Journal. 53 (7): 689–714. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..689U. doi:10.1134/S0031030119070098. S2CID 212408170.
36. ^ Ulrich Jansen (2019). "Pragian-Emsian brachiopods from the Rhenish Massif (Germany): new data on evolution and biostratigraphy". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (3): 735–759. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/12194.
37. ^ Bernard Mottequin; Dieter Weyer (2019). "On some Mississippian (Carboniferous) brachiopods from neptunian dykes of the Harz Mountains (central Germany)". Palaeobiodiversity and Palaeoenvironments. 99 (3): 447–475. Bibcode:2019PdPe...99..447M. doi:10.1007/s12549-018-0360-1. S2CID 133897854.
38. Bernard Mottequin; Denise Brice (2019). "Reappraisal of some Upper Devonian (Famennian) spiriferide brachiopods from the Band-e Bayan Domain (Afghanistan)". Geobios. 52: 47–65. Bibcode:2019Geobi..52...47M. doi:10.1016/j.geobios.2018.11.003.
39. Howard R. Feldman; Barbara V. Radulović; Vladan J. Radulović; Fayez Ahmad (2019). "Middle Jurassic terebratulide brachiopods from the Jordan Valley (northwestern Jordan)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (4): 446–462. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1625347. S2CID 196673506.
40. ^ N. V. Oleneva (2019). "New spiriferids (Brachiopoda) from the Upper Devonian of the Central Devonian Field and Southern Timan". Paleontological Journal. 53 (4): 366–380. Bibcode:2019PalJ...53..366O. doi:10.1134/S0031030119030092. S2CID 201751120.
41. Carolina Zabini; Ana Beatriz Furtado-Carvalho; Dermeval Do Carmo; Mário Luis Assine (2019). "A new discinoid Kosoidea australis sp. nov. from the Iapó and Vila Maria Formations, NE Paraná Basin, Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (4): 534–542. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1648447. S2CID 201210730.
42. ^ Howard R. Feldman; Barbara V. Radulović; Vladan J. Radulović; Fayez Ahmad (2019). "Callovian (Middle Jurassic) terebratulide brachiopods from the Jordan Valley (northwestern Jordan)". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (7): 1053–1065. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1677643. S2CID 209564200.
43. ^ Michal Mergl (2019). "Lingulate brachiopods across the Kačák Event and Eifelian-Givetian boundary in the Barrandian area, Czech Republic". Bulletin of Geosciences. 94 (2): 169–186. doi:10.3140/bull.geosci.1740.
44. Jun-ichi Tazawa; Masahiro Osawa; Hiroshi Nagura (2019). "Early Carboniferous (Mississippian) brachiopods from the Karaumedate Formation, South Kitakami Belt, Japan" (PDF). Memoir of the Fukui Prefectural Dinosaur Museum. 18: 43–72.
45. ^ Weihong He; Elizabeth A. Weldon; Tinglu Yang; Han Wang; Yifan Xiao; Huiting Wu; Kexin Zhang; Yongbiao Wang; Shunbao Wu (2019). "The palaeoenvironmental and palaeobiogeographical significance of the Late Permian deep-water brachiopod fauna from Dongpan, South China, including descriptions of Micromartinia He & Weldon gen. nov. (Micromartiniidae He & Weldon fam. nov.) and Minutomarginifera nom. nov". Journal of Systematic Palaeontology. 18 (11): 885–909. doi:10.1080/14772019.2019.1685606. S2CID 213211047.
46. Bing Huang; Jiayu Rong; David A.T. Harper; Hanghang Zhou (2019). "A nearshore Hirnantian brachiopod fauna from South China and its ecological significance" (PDF). Journal of Paleontology. 94 (2): 239–254. doi:10.1017/jpa.2019.90. S2CID 212737573.
47. Krzysztof Hryniewicz; Kazutaka Amano; Maria Aleksandra Bitner; Jonas Hagström; Steffen Kiel; Adiël A. Klompmaker; Thomas Mörs; Cristina M. Robins; Andrzej Kaim (2019). "A late Paleocene fauna from shallow-water chemosynthesis-based ecosystems, Spitsbergen, Svalbard". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 64 (1): 101–141. doi:10.4202/app.00554.2018.
48. J. Reyes-Abril; E. Villas; J.C. Gutierrez-Marco (2019). "Middle Ordovician strophomenoid brachiopods from the high latitude Gondwanan shelves (Central Spain) and their travel route". Bollettino della Società Paleontologica Italiana. 58 (3): 267–276.
49. João Marcelo Pais de Rezende; Luiza Corral Martins de Oliveira Ponciano; Carlton E. Brett (2019). "Brachiopod fauna from Longá Formation (Upper Devonian), State of Piauí, NE Brazil". Historical Biology: An International Journal of Paleobiology. 33 (8): 1297–1307. doi:10.1080/08912963.2019.1692343. S2CID 213471395.
50. Alexis Rojas; Michael R. Sandy (2019). "Early Cretaceous (Valanginian) brachiopods from the Rosablanca Formation, Colombia, South America: Biostratigraphic significance and paleogeographic implications". Cretaceous Research. 96: 184–195. Bibcode:2019CrRes..96..184R. doi:10.1016/j.cretres.2018.12.011.
51. Jisuo Jin; Donald Mikulic; Joanne Kluessendorf (2019). "Virgianid brachiopods of the Michigan Basin, and its implications for post-extinction diversification of the Silurian pentameride fauna in Laurentia". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (3): 637–649. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/12168.
52. Zhiwei Yuan; Yuanlin Sun; Bing Shen; Chaochao Xing; Wei Liu; Runyu Yang; Shujian Qin; Andrzej Baliński (2019). "An in situ preserved Early Carboniferous (Serpukhovian) brachiopod community in Southern Guizhou, China". Rivista Italiana di Paleontologia e Stratigrafia. 125 (3): 689–710. doi:10.13130/2039-4942/12175.
53. Di Chen; Jiayu Rong (2019). "A new craniid brachiopod genus from the terminal Ordovician Hirnantia fauna of Myanmar and South China". Papers in Palaeontology. 5 (3): 521–535. Bibcode:2019PPal....5..521C. doi:10.1002/spp2.1250.

• 2019 in paleontology
• 2010s in paleontology
• 2019 in science