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3C 196.1
Radio galaxy 3C 196.1.
Observation data (J2000.0 epoch)
Constellation	Hydra
Right ascension	08 15 27.810
Declination	−03° 08′ 26.61″
Redshift	0.198000
Heliocentric radial velocity	59,359 km/s
Distance	2.383 Gly
Apparent magnitude (V)	16.94
Apparent magnitude (B)	18.49
Characteristics
Type	cD
Notable features	Radio galaxy of HyMORS type, X-ray cavity
Other designations
LEDA 1075766, DA 247, NVSS J081527-030826, PKS 0812-029, 3CR 196.1, 4C -02.35, NRAO 286, TXS 0812-029

3C 196.1 is a low-excitation radio galaxy located in the constellation of Hydra. It has a redshift of 0.198 and was first discovered as an astronomical radio source in 1965. This object resides as the brightest cluster galaxy (BCG) of a cool core galaxy cluster CIZA J0815.4-0308 located at the same redshift, with its source being best described as a HyMOR (Hybrid Morphology Radio Source).

Description

The host galaxy of 3C 196.1 is a type-cD elliptical galaxy confirmed by near-infrared and optical imaging. It is described having an elongated structure from northeast and southwest direction with an estimated angular size of 3.16 kpc arcsec. According to optical color gradients of the host galaxy, 3C 196.1 exhibits periodic shells with the centroids of the optical isotopes having a directional shift towards southwest, indicating a merger stage. Furthermore, nucleus of the galaxy is partly obscured by interstellar dust and appears to be split in several patches of emission that is extended along the nucleus' direction.

Radio imaging of 3C 196.1 made by Very Large Array, shows a compact one-sided source within the host galaxy and a secondary nucleus on its side opposite its radio extension, measuring a total size of 16 kpc and an orientation along a position angle of 40°. The southwest side of the galaxy has an enshrouded radio lobe with the region displaying high recessional velocities that is exceeding 500 km s whereas the northwest side is more diffused with a small velocity dispersion.

According to X-ray and radio imaging analysis, 3C 196.1 has an butterfly-shaped X-ray cavity located 10 kpc from its nucleus with the inner and outer cavities having jet power of 1.9 x 10 erg s and 3.4 x 10 erg s respectively. The enthalpies of the inner and outer cavities are computed as 7 x 10 erg and 3 x 10 erg. Further evidence also shows presence of ionized gas filling up the cavity suggesting either the gas underwent numerous ionization events from AGN outbursts caused by the galaxy or the cooling of AGN outflows (10 < T ≤ 10 K) are causing the gas to form filaments.

References

1. Ricci, Federica (2022-09-01). "Dissecting the stormy weather in 3C 196.1". Chandra Proposal: 6381. Bibcode:2022cxo..prop.6381R.
2. Jimenez-Gallardo, Ana; Massaro, Francesco; Sani, Eleonora; Mazzucchelli, Chiara; Ricci, Federica; Balmaverde, Barbara; Capetti, Alessandro; Forman, William; Kraft, Ralph; Venturi, Giacomo; Prieto, Almudena; Marconi, Alessandro; Baum, Stefi; O'Dea, Chris; Paggi, Alessandro (2022-07-01). "Feedback on radio galaxies: the cases of 3CR 318.1 and 3CR 196.1". 44th COSPAR Scientific Assembly. Held 16-24 July. 44: 2328. Bibcode:2022cosp...44.2328J.
3. Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Jimenez-Gallardo, A.; Marconi, A.; Massaro, F.; Meyer, E.; O’Dea, C.; Speranza, G.; Torresi, E.; Venturi, G. (June 2022). "The MURALES survey VI. Properties and origin of the extended line emission structures in radio galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 662: A23. arXiv:2204.00528. Bibcode:2022A&A...662A..23B. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202142823. ISSN 0004-6361.
4. Conway, R. G.; Daintree, E. J.; Long, R. J. (1965-12-01). "Observations of Radio Sources at 612 and 1 400 Mc/s". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 131 (1): 159–171. doi:10.1093/mnras/131.1.159. ISSN 0035-8711.
5. ^ Ricci, F.; Lovisari, L.; Kraft, R. P.; Massaro, F.; Paggi, A.; Liuzzo, E.; Tremblay, G.; Forman, W. R.; Baum, S.; O’Dea, C.; Wilkes, B. (October 2018). "Stormy Weather in 3C 196.1: Nuclear Outbursts and Merger Events Shape the Environment of the Hybrid Radio Galaxy 3C 196.1". The Astrophysical Journal. 867 (1): 35. arXiv:1809.10693. Bibcode:2018ApJ...867...35R. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aae487. ISSN 0004-637X.
6. ^ Massaro, F.; Tremblay, G. R.; Harris, D. E.; Kharb, P.; Axon, D.; Balmaverde, B.; Baum, S. A.; Capetti, A.; Chiaberge, M.; Gilli, R.; Giovannini, G.; Grandi, P.; Macchetto, F. D.; O'Dea, C. P.; Risaliti, G. (2012-11-28). "CHANDRA OBSERVATIONS OF 3C RADIO SOURCES WITH z < 0.3. II. COMPLETING THE SNAPSHOT SURVEY". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 203 (2): 31. arXiv:1210.6027. Bibcode:2012ApJS..203...31M. doi:10.1088/0067-0049/203/2/31. ISSN 0067-0049.
7. Madrid, Juan P.; Chiaberge, Marco; Floyd, David; Sparks, William B.; Macchetto, Duccio; Miley, George K.; Axon, David; Capetti, Alessandro; O’Dea, Christopher P.; Baum, Stefi; Perlman, Eric; Quillen, Alice (June 2006). "Hubble Space Telescope Near-Infrared Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts at Low Redshift". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 164 (2): 307–333. arXiv:astro-ph/0603239. Bibcode:2006ApJS..164..307M. doi:10.1086/504480. ISSN 0067-0049.
8. ^ Jimenez-Gallardo, A.; Sani, E.; Ricci, F.; Mazzucchelli, C.; Balmaverde, B.; Massaro, F.; Capetti, A.; Forman, W. R.; Kraft, R. P.; Venturi, G.; Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Prieto, M. A.; Marconi, A.; Peña-Herazo, H. A.; Baum, S. A. (2022-12-01). "The Cavity of 3CR 196.1: Hα Emission Spatially Associated with an X-Ray Cavity". The Astrophysical Journal. 941 (2): 114. arXiv:2211.04481. Bibcode:2022ApJ...941..114J. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aca08b. ISSN 0004-637X.
9. de Koff, Sigrid; Best, Philip; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William; Rottgering, Huub; Miley, George; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; Martel, Andre (July 2000). "The Dust-Radio Connection in 3CR Radio Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 129 (1): 33–159. Bibcode:2000ApJS..129...33D. doi:10.1086/313402.
10. de Koff, Sigrid; Baum, Stefi A.; Sparks, William B.; Biretta, John; Golombek, Daniel; Macchetto, Ferdinando; McCarthy, Patrick; Miley, George K. (December 1996). "HST Snapshot Survey of 3CR Radio Source Counterparts. I. Intermediate Redshifts". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 107 (2): 621–660. Bibcode:1996ApJS..107..621D. doi:10.1086/192376. ISSN 0067-0049.
11. Neff, S. G.; Roberts, L.; Hutchings, J. B. (1995-08-01). "VLA Maps of Radio Galaxies to Z = 1". The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series. 99: 349. Bibcode:1995ApJS...99..349N. doi:10.1086/192190. ISSN 0067-0049.
12. Balmaverde, B.; Capetti, A.; Marconi, A.; Venturi, G.; Chiaberge, M.; Baldi, R. D.; Baum, S.; Gilli, R.; Grandi, P.; Meyer, E. T.; Miley, G.; O’Dea, C.; Sparks, W.; Torresi, E.; Tremblay, G. (2020-12-21). "The MURALES survey III. Completing the MUSE observations of 37 3C low-z radio galaxies". Astronomy & Astrophysics. 645: A12. arXiv:2010.11195. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/202039062. ISSN 0004-6361.

External links

• 3C 196.1 on SIMBAD
• 3C 196.1 on NASA/IPAC Database

• Radio galaxies
• Hydra (constellation)
• Active galaxies
• 3C objects
• 4C objects
• LEDA objects
• Astronomical objects discovered in 1965
• Elliptical galaxies