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Adam Sufi

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13th Century Sufi saint

Adam Sufi (1187–1297), popularly known as Makhdoom Adam Sufi, was an Islamic scholar, preacher and Sufi saint of Chishti order. He was son of Sayyid Ibrahim Chishti of Hajipur. He was father of Makhdum Sayyid Hamid Ad-Din Chishti Rajgiri. Hamid Ad-Din had a son named the famous Makhdum Taym Allah Safayd Baz. He is buried in Pakki Dargah, near Jethuli in Patna, India.

Ancestry and Family History

He's the grandson of Sayyid Jalal Ad-Din Abdal Chishti Al-Mashhadi.

Origins

He's descended from the famous Muhammad Al-Sufi Ibn Al-Qasim ibn 'Ali Al-Asghar Ibn 'Umar Al-Ashraf Ibn 'Ali ibn Husayn Al-Sajjad Imam Zayn Al-Abidin. The mother of Muhammad Al-Sufi was Safiyyah binte Musa Ibn 'Umar Al-Ashraf Ibn 'Ali Ibn Husayn Al-Sajjad Imam Zayn Al-Abidin.

His ancestors were Zaydi Shi'a. This Muhammad Al-Sufi led a revolt against Tahir ibn Abdallah of the Tahirids in Jowzjan, Afghanistan. Muhammad Al-Sufi was one of the Imams of the Zaydi Shi'a and from amongst their scholars and ascetics.

According to Ibn Inabah, Ibn Hazm and Maqatil At-Talibiyeen, he died in the year 834 AD. And it is said he was 53 when he died. And he had a brown and handsome complexion, and it is said he had a son named 'Ali. There is some difference of opinion on where he died, some sources say he died in Jowzjan while others say he died in Baghdad.

Existence of the Descendants of Muhammad Al-Sufi:

As for his descendants, Ibn Inabah mentions in his Umdatul Talib about a clan in Al-Ha'ir in the neighborhood of Al Abi Al-Faiz in Karbala and he also found descendants in Jabal Amila in Lebanon. And he mentions Muhammad Ibn Muhammad known as "Ibn Barjam". And he mentions his ancestry going back to Ja'far Ibn Muhammad Al-Sufi. It is also mentioned that his descendants were not very well known, although they were present. And in Maqatil At-Talibiyeen, there is also a mention of a son named 'Ali.

He had another son named Zayd known as Abu 'Umar Zayd. And it is said amongst the family of Makhdum Adam Sufi that his ancestors were Zaydis. These Zaydis were not descendants of Abul Farah Al-Wasti(who's a descendant of Imam Zayd) but these were descendants of Zayd Ibn Muhammad Al-Sufi and they were also called as Zaydis because these were descendants of the Imams of the Zaydiyya sect of Shi'sm. And as Muhammad Al-Sufi was considered an Imam of the Zaydi Shia and was revered by the people, it was only common to do so. These descendants of Muhammad Al-Sufi migrated from Jowzjan and Balkh to the famous city of Mashhad, Iran. As this was a time of strife, anarchy and betrayal against the 'Abbasids who were quelling 'Alid revolts in the Empire, it was only natural to go to a place with more support, and as Mashhad had always been a center of support for the Shi'a, it was the optimal choice. And it is also possible that some of the sons of Zayd might have been Amirs of the 'Alid dynasties of Tabaristan. But these practiced a different form of Shi'sm known as Zaydi Shi'sm.

Zaydi Shi'sm in its most famous sense respects and honors Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman and 'Aisha, while preferring 'Ali over them. And it is said that it was Imam Zayd Ash-Shaheed Ibn 'Ali who declared those who cursed Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman as Rafidah("The Rejectors") .

And it is said that he differentiated between the Rafidah and the Shi'a, the Shi'a were those who today call themselves Zaydi Shi'a while the Rafidah are those who today call themselves as Ithna Ash'ari Shi'a or Twelvers.

It should not come as a surprise that Khwaja Jalal Ad-Din 'Abdal Chishti Al-Mashhadi, a student of 'Usman Harooni was from the descendants of Muhammad Al-Sufi through his son Zayd.

Overtime some of the descendants of Muhammad Al-Sufi became Sunni and one of them was Khwaja Sayyid Jalal Ad-Din 'Abdal Al-Mashhadi. He migrated to India as a result of the Mongol invasion from Mashhad, Iran.

Lineage

His lineage is given as:

1: 'Ali al-Sajjad Ibn Husayn Imam Zayn Al-Abidin

2: 'Umar Al-Ashraf.

3: 'Ali Al-Asghar

4: Al-Qasim

5: Imam Abu Ja'far Muhammad Al-Sufi As-Salih( Ruler of Taleqan, Greater Khorasan-modern day Jowzjan, Afghanistan).

6: Imam Abu 'Umar Zayd.

7: Ishaq Al-Amir

8: Ahmed Al-Amir

9: Ya'qub Al-Amir

10: Mahmud Al-Amir As-Sayyid

11: Muhammad As-Sayyid

12: Ibrahim As-Sayyid

13: Mahmud Al-Sharif

14: Husayn Al-Sharif

15: Khwaja Sayyid Jalal Ad-Din 'Abdal Chishti Al-Mashhadi( one of the 5 famous students of 'Usman Harooni )

16: Khwaja Shah Ibrahim Sani Chishti

17: Makhdum Sayyid Adam Sufi.





Syed Jalal Chishti, grandfather of Adam Sufi reached Lahore from Mashhad and Syed Ibrahim reached Hajipur, Bihar from Lahore. Syed Jalal was Murid and Khalifa of Khwaja Usman Harooni.

References

  1. Askari, Syed Hasan (1989). Collected Works of Prof. S.H. Askari. Khuda Baksh Oriental Public Library. pp. 20, 23.
  2. Mahmood, Syed Qasim (1998). Shahkar-e-Islami Encyclopedia (in Urdu). Vol. 1 (1st ed.). Lahore: Al-Faisal Nashiran-o-Tajiran Kutub. pp. 1, 14.
  3. Society, Bihar Research (1951). The Journal of the Bihar Research Society. p. 66.
  4. ^ Abdali, Dr. Taiyab (2003). Tazkira-e-Mashaikh-e-Bihar (in Urdu) (1st ed.). Nalanda: Khanqah Islampur. pp. 151–153.
  5. TalibGenreHistoric, 'Umdat al-talibAuthorAhmad b 'Ali b Husayn al-HusayniLanguageArabicSeries1 volSubjectBiography of Al Abi. "Umdat al-talib fi ansab Al Abi Talib (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  6. TalibGenreHistoric, 'Umdat al-talibAuthorAhmad b 'Ali b Husayn al-HusayniLanguageArabicSeries1 volSubjectBiography of Al Abi. "Umdat al-talib fi ansab Al Abi Talib (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  7. Descendants, Maqatil al-TalibiyyinAuthorAbu l-Faraj al-IsfahaniOriginal titleمَقاتِل الطالِبیّینLanguageArabicSubjectAbu Talib's. "Maqatil al-talibiyyin (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  8. TalibGenreHistoric, 'Umdat al-talibAuthorAhmad b 'Ali b Husayn al-HusayniLanguageArabicSeries1 volSubjectBiography of Al Abi. "Umdat al-talib fi ansab Al Abi Talib (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  9. Descendants, Maqatil al-TalibiyyinAuthorAbu l-Faraj al-IsfahaniOriginal titleمَقاتِل الطالِبیّینLanguageArabicSubjectAbu Talib's. "Maqatil al-talibiyyin (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  10. Marfat Library (2021-02-09). Asarat-e-Phulwari Shareef آثارات پھلواری شریف.
  11. Marfat Library (2021-02-09). Asarat-e-Phulwari Shareef آثارات پھلواری شریف.
  12. TalibGenreHistoric, 'Umdat al-talibAuthorAhmad b 'Ali b Husayn al-HusayniLanguageArabicSeries1 volSubjectBiography of Al Abi. "Umdat al-talib fi ansab Al Abi Talib (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  13. Yasir Qadhi (2013-11-12). The Massacre of Karbala: A Historical Analysis - Dr. Yasir Qadhi | 10th November 2013. Retrieved 2025-01-03 – via YouTube.
  14. Marfat Library (2021-02-09). Asarat-e-Phulwari Shareef آثارات پھلواری شریف.
  15. Ashraf E Arab By Syed Najam Ul Hassan Fazli.
  16. "Section Five: 'Ali's offspring with the Name 'Umar – Mahajjah". Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  17. TalibGenreHistoric, 'Umdat al-talibAuthorAhmad b 'Ali b Husayn al-HusayniLanguageArabicSeries1 volSubjectBiography of Al Abi. "Umdat al-talib fi ansab Al Abi Talib (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  18. Descendants, Maqatil al-TalibiyyinAuthorAbu l-Faraj al-IsfahaniOriginal titleمَقاتِل الطالِبیّینLanguageArabicSubjectAbu Talib's. "Maqatil al-talibiyyin (book) - wikishia". en.wikishia.net. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  19. Ibn-Ḥazm, ʿAlī Ibn-Aḥmad (1418). Ǧamharat ansāb al-ʿarab. Bairūt: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmīya. ISBN 978-2-7451-0043-6.
  20. "ashraaf-e-arab". Rekhta. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
  21. Danish Balkhi (2022-09-28). Tazkira E Mashaikh E Bihar.
  22. "aasarat-e-phulwari sharif". Rekhta. Retrieved 2025-01-03.
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