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Alphonse de Malzac

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French slave trader (1822–1860)

Louis Isaac Alphonse de Malzac (22 June 1822 – April 1860) was a French diplomat turned slave trader and hunter. He is notably associated with his activities in Gondokoro, present-day South Sudan, where he died.

Biography

Born in Sauve, Gard, France on 22 June 1822, de Malzac left on a diplomatic mission to Egypt in 1850 but became a slave trader there. One of the first French people, he entered Bahr el Ghazal, founded Rumbek in 1858 and had himself proclaimed "King of the White Nile".

With his own army, he sows terror and goes up the Nile. Alexandre Vayssière, who accompanied him at the beginning for his ivory trade, as well as the Austrian vice-consul in Khartoum, Joseph Natterer, disavowed his methods and separated from him.

He died in April 1860 at Gondokoro while preparing an expedition to the sources of the Nile with Alfred Peney.

References

  1. "Alphonse De Malzac, L'âme Noire Du Nil Blanc - Les Cahiers de Science & Vie". Everand. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  2. LANE, PAUL; JOHNSON, DOUGLAS (December 2009). The Archaeology and History of Slavery in South Sudan in the Nineteenth Century. doi:10.5871/bacad/9780197264423.003.0026. ISBN 978-0-19-726442-3. Retrieved 2024-06-23. {{cite book}}: |website= ignored (help)
  3. ^ "Sudan Notes and Records Volume 11 — Sudan Open Archive". sudanarchive.net. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  4. "Binder, Franz (1820-1875) on JSTOR". plants.jstor.org. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  5. "First Raise a Flag: How South Sudan Won the Longest War But Lost the Peace [Paperback ed.] 0190052708, 9780190052706". dokumen.pub. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  6. Willink, Robert Joost (2011-01-01). The Fateful Journey: The Expedition of Alexine Tinne and Theodor Von Heuglin in Sudan (1863-1864). Amsterdam University Press. ISBN 978-90-8964-352-0.
  7. Garang, Kuol (2011). The Legacy of Civil War in South Sudan: Elite Ethno-Politics and Failed Peace Agreements (PDF). La Trobe University. p. 33.
  8. "The Letter with Annotations | Livingstone Online". livingstoneonline.org. Retrieved 2024-06-23.
  9. Pinaud, Clemence (2021-02-09). "War and Genocide in South Sudan". Cornell University Press EBooks.
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