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Anomodontia Temporal range: Middle Permian-Late Triassic, 270–201 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N
Mounted skeleton of Lystrosaurus
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Clade:	Synapsida
Clade:	Therapsida
Suborder:	†Anomodontia Owen, 1859
Subgroups
See text

Anomodontia is an extinct group of non-mammalian therapsids from the Permian and Triassic periods. By far the most speciose group are the dicynodonts, a clade of beaked, tusked herbivores. Anomodonts were very diverse during the Middle Permian, including primitive forms like Anomocephalus and Patranomodon and groups like Venyukovioidea and Dromasauria. Dicynodonts became the most successful and abundant of all herbivores in the Late Permian, filling ecological niches ranging from large browsers down to small burrowers. Few dicynodont families survived the Permian–Triassic extinction event, but one lineage (Kannemeyeriiformes) evolved into large, stocky forms that became dominant terrestrial herbivores right until the Late Triassic, when changing conditions caused them to decline, finally going extinct during the Triassic–Jurassic extinction event.

Classification

Taxonomy

• Order Therapsida
• Suborder Anomodontia
  • Biseridens
  • Patranomodon
  • Clade Anomocephaloidea
    • Anomocephalus
    • Tiarajudens
  • Infraorder Venyukovioidea
    • Otsheria
    • Parasuminia
    • Suminia
    • Ulemica
    • Venyukovia
  • Clade Chainosauria
    • ?Galechirus
    • Galeops
    • Galepus
    • Infraorder Dicynodontia

Phylogeny

Cladogram modified from Cisneros et al., 2015.

Cladogram modified from Angielczyk and Kammerer (2017):

See also

• Theriodont
• Dinocephalia
• Biarmosuchians
• Evolution of mammals

References

1. Liu, J.; Rubidge, B.; Li, J. (2009). "A new specimen of Biseridens qilianicus indicates its phylogenetic position as the most basal anomodont". Proceedings of the Royal Society B. 277 (1679): 285–292. doi:10.1098/rspb.2009.0883. PMC 2842672. PMID 19640887.
2. Chinsamy-Turan, A. (2011) Forerunners of Mammals: Radiation - Histology - Biology, p.39. Indiana University Press, ISBN 0253356970. Retrieved May 2012
3. Cisneros, Juan Carlos; Abdala, Fernando; Jashashvili, Tea; De Oliveira Bueno, Ana; Dentzien-Dias, Paula (2015). "Tiarajudens eccentricus and Anomocephalus africanus , two bizarre anomodonts (Synapsida, Therapsida) with dental occlusion from the Permian of Gondwana". Royal Society Open Science. 2 (7): 150090. Bibcode:2015RSOS....250090C. doi:10.1098/rsos.150090. PMC 4632579. PMID 26587266. S2CID 25503025.
4. Angielczyk, Kenneth D.; Kammerer, Christian F. (2017). "The cranial morphology, phylogenetic position and biogeography of the upper Permian dicynodont Compsodon helmoedi van Hoepen (Therapsida, Anomodontia)". Papers in Palaeontology. 3 (4): 513–545. doi:10.1002/spp2.1087. S2CID 134092461.

v t e Synapsida
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Superclass: Tetrapoda Clade: Amniota Tetrapodomorpha see Tetrapodomorpha Reptiliomorpha see Reptiliomorpha Synapsida see below↓
Synapsida Synapsida †Diadectomorpha? †Caseasauria? Eothyrididae Asaphestera? Eothyris Oedaleops Vaughnictis Caseidae Alierasaurus Angelosaurus Arisierpeton Callibrachion Casea Caseoides Caseopsis Cotylorhynchus Datheosaurus Ennatosaurus Eocasea Euromycter Lalieudorhynchus Martensius Oromycter Phreatophasma Ruthenosaurus Trichasaurus Eupelycosauria †Varanopidae? Apsisaurus Archaeovenator Ascendonanus Eoscansor Dendromaia Nitosaurus? Pyozia Thrausmosaurus Mesenosaurinae Anningia Cabarzia Elliotsmithia Heleosaurus Mesenosaurus Microvaranops Varanodontinae Aerosaurus Mycterosaurus? Ruthiromia Tambacarnifex Varanops Varanodon Watongia Metopophora see below↓ Incertae sedis †Dimacrodon †Driveria †Gorgodon †Knoxosaurus †Mastersonia †Protoclepsydrops?
Metopophora †Ophiacodontidae Archaeothyris Baldwinonus Clepsydrops Echinerpeton Ophiacodon Stereophallodon Stereorhachis Varanosaurus Haptodontiformes †Ianthodon †Milosaurus †Edaphosauridae Bohemiclavulus Edaphosaurus Glaucosaurus Gordodon Ianthasaurus Lupeosaurus Melanedaphodon Ramodendron Remigiomontanus Xyrospondylus Sphenacodontia †Cutleria †Haptodus †Hypselohaptodus †Kenomagnathus †Tetraceratops †Palaeohatteriidae Palaeohatteria Pantelosaurus Sphenacodontoidea †Shashajaia †Sphenacodontidae Cryptovenator Ctenorhachis Ctenospondylus Cutleria? Dimetrodon Eosyodon Macromerion Neosaurus Secodontosaurus Sphenacodon Steppesaurus? Tappenosaurus? Tetraceratops? Therapsida see below↓
Therapsida Therapsida †Raranimus †Biarmosuchia see Biarmosuchia †Dinocephalia see Dinocephalia †Anomodontia see Anomodontia includes dicynodonts †Gorgonopsia see Gorgonopsia Eutheriodontia †Therocephalia see Therocephalia Cynodontia see Cynodontia includes mammals Incertae sedis †Dinosaurus †Kamagorgon †Niaftasuchus
See also: Pelycosauria Phthinosuchia Theriodontia Category

v t e Anomodontia
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Clade: Synapsida Clade: Therapsida Synapsida see Synapsida Anomodontia see below↓
Anomodontia Anomodontia Biseridens Novocynodon? Anomocephaloidea Anomocephalus Tiarajudens Venyukovioidea Otsheria Parasuminia Suminia Ulemica Venyukovia Chainosauria Galechirus Galeops Galepus Patranomodon Anomocephaloidea? Dicynodontia see below↓
Dicynodontia Dicynodontia Brachyprosopus Colobodectes Eodicynodon Lanthanostegus Nyaphulia Pristerodon Pylaecephalidae Diictodon Eosimops Prosictodon Robertia Endothiodontia Abajudon Endothiodon Niassodon Therochelonia Emydopoidea Digalodon Emydorhinus? Palemydops? Emydopidae Compsodon Emydops Myosauridae Myosauroides Myosaurus Kingoriidae Dicynodontoides Kombuisia Thliptosaurus Cistecephalidae Cistecephaloides Cistecephalus Kawingasaurus Kembawacela Sauroscaptor Bidentalia see below↓
Bidentalia Bidentalia Daqingshanodon Idelesaurus Keyseria Odontocyclops Rastodon Syops Elphidae Elph Interpresosaurus Katumbia Geikiidae Aulacephalodon Bulbasaurus Geikia Pelanomodon Oudenodontidae Australobarbarus Oudenodon Tropidostoma Rhachiocephalidae Kitchinganomodon Rhachiocephalus Dicynodontoidea Counillonia Daptocephalus Delectosaurus Dicynodon Dinanomodon Gordonia Kunpania Peramodon Repelinosaurus Taoheodon Turfanodon Vivaxosaurus Lystrosauridae Basilodon? Euptychognathus? Jimusaria? Kwazulusaurus Lystrosaurus Sintocephalus? Kannemeyeriiformes see below↓
Kannemeyeriiformes Kannemeyeriiformes Angonisaurus Dinodontosaurus Elephantosaurus Woznikella Shansiodontidae Shansiodon Tetragonias Vinceria Rhinodicynodon Kannemeyeriidae Acratophorus Dolichuranus Kannemeyeria Parakannemeyeria Rabidosaurus Rechnisaurus Rhadiodromus Shaanbeikannemeyeria Sinokannemeyeria Uralokannemeyeria Wadiasaurus Xiyukannemeyeria Stahleckeriidae Sungeodon Placeriinae Argodicynodon Lisowicia Moghreberia Pentasaurus Placerias Zambiasaurus Stahleckeriinae Eubrachiosaurus Ischigualastia Jachaleria Sangusaurus Stahleckeria Ufudocyclops
Other articles Nomina dubia Azarifeneria Baiopsis Calleonasus Chelyoposaurus Cristonasus Diaelurodon Dicranozygoma Elatosaurus Eurycarpus Haughtoniana Keirognathus Koupia Nasoplanites Opisthoctenodon Parvobestiola Planitorostris Platypodosaurus Putillosaurus Taognathus Paraphyletic groups Cryptodontia? Dromasauria

• Anomodonts
• Guadalupian first appearances
• Late Triassic extinctions
• Taxa named by Richard Owen