Proboscisless leeches | |
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A giant Americobdella species from southern Chile. | |
Scientific classification | |
Domain: | Eukaryota |
Kingdom: | Animalia |
Phylum: | Annelida |
Clade: | Pleistoannelida |
Clade: | Sedentaria |
Class: | Clitellata |
Subclass: | Hirudinea |
Infraclass: | Euhirudinea |
Order: | Arhynchobdellida Blanchard, 1894 |
Suborders | |
Erpobdelliformes | |
Synonyms | |
Arhynchobdellae Stuart, 1982 |
Arhynchobdellida, the proboscisless leeches, are a monophyletic order of leeches. They are defined by the lack of the protrusible proboscis that defines their sister taxon, the Rhynchobdellida. Arhynchobdellida is a diverse order, compromising both aquatic and terrestrial, besides sanguivorous and predatory, leeches. The order is divided into two suborders, Erpobdelliformes and Hirudiniformes (sometimes also called the Pharyngobdelliformes and Gnathobdelliformes, respectively).
Taxonomy
Historically, the Arhynchobdellida were split into two orders, the Gnathobdellida and the Pharyngobdellida. The Gnathobdellida were jawed and carnivorous or parasitic while the Pharyngobdellida were jawless and carnivorous. Current taxonomy accepts the order Arhynchobdellida and divides into two suborders. There are 215 species of Arhynchobdellid leech, in 47 genera and 13 families. The placement of Americobdellidae is uncertain; it has rudimentary jaws and is terrestrial.
Erpobdelliformes
Erpobdelliformes are jawless predators of aquatic invertebrates of varying sizes, including insect larvae, mollusks, and other annelids. Unlike other leeches, they do not penetrate the skin of hosts; and are not at all parasitic. The pharynx is spirally twisted and very large to allow for large prey; it can constitute up to one third of the leech's body length.
Hirudiniformes
Hirudiniformes are a diverse suborder defined by the presence of toothed jaws.
Cladogram
Hirudinea |
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Source:
References
- ^ Ax, Peter (2000), Ax, Peter (ed.), "Rhynchobdellida — Arhynchobdellida", Multicellular Animals: The Phylogenetic System of the Metazoa. Volume II, Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer, pp. 72–76, doi:10.1007/978-3-662-10396-8_18, ISBN 978-3-662-10396-8, retrieved 2022-12-31
- Ecology, Environment and Conservation. EM International, Publishers of Quality International Journals. doi:10.53550/eec.
- ^ Uttam, Suneha, and Seema Langer. "Distribution and Identification key for species of freshwater leech genus Erpobdella Blainville, 1818 (Hirudinida: Arhynchobdellida: Erpobdelliformes: Erpobdellidae)."
- "PAR volume 94 issue 1 Cover and Back matter". Parasitology. 94 (1): b1 – b3. Feb 1987. doi:10.1017/S0031182000053385. ISSN 1469-8161.
- "Pharyngobdellida | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- "Gnathobdellida | Encyclopedia.com". www.encyclopedia.com. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- "Proboscisless leeches - Encyclopedia of Life". www.eol.org. Retrieved 2023-01-01.
- Kwak, Hee-Jin; Kim, Jung-Hyeuk; Kim, Joo-Young; Jeon, Donggu; Lee, Doo-Hyung; Yoo, Shinja; Kim, Jung; Eyun, Seong-il; Park, Soon Cheol; Cho, Sung-Jin (2021-05-25). "Behavioral variation according to feeding organ diversification in glossiphoniid leeches (Phylum: Annelida)". Scientific Reports. 11 (1): 10940. doi:10.1038/s41598-021-90421-1. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 8149456. PMID 34035418. S2CID 235199192.
- "Phylogeny and Revision of Erpobdelliformes (Annelida, Arhynchobdellida) from Mexico Based on Nuclear and Mithochondrial Gene Sequences". Docslib. Retrieved 2022-12-31.
- Kutschera, U. "Description of a new leech species, Erpobdella wuttkei nov. sp.(Hirudinea: Erpobdellidae)."
- ^ Borda, Elizabeth; Siddall, Mark E (Jan 2004). "Arhynchobdellida (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Hirudinida): phylogenetic relationships and evolution". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 30 (1): 213–225. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2003.09.002. ISSN 1055-7903. PMID 15022771.
- Borda, Elizabeth; Sidall, Mark (2004-12-30). "Review of the evolution of life history strategies and phylogeny of the Hirudinida (Annelida: Oligochaeta)". Lauterbornia. 52: 7–15 – via ResearchGate.