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Arsenic(III) telluride

Identifiers
CAS Number	12044-54-1
3D model (JSmol)	Interactive image
ChemSpider	22797844
ECHA InfoCard	100.031.765
EC Number	234-955-1
PubChem CID	6336551
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID001014262
InChI InChI=1S/2As.3TeKey: KOOQXSDVIQPGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N
SMILES ....
Properties
Chemical formula	As2Te3
Molar mass	532.64 g·mol
Structure
Crystal structure	Monoclinic
Space group	C2/m
Lattice constant	a = 14.339 Å, b = 4.006 Å, c = 9.873 Åα = 90°, β = 95°, γ = 90°
Lattice volume (V)	564.96
Formula units (Z)	4
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Pictograms
Signal word	Danger
Hazard statements	H301, H331, H410
Precautionary statements	P261, P264, P270, P271, P273, P301+P310, P304+P340, P311, P321, P330, P391, P403+P233, P405, P501
Related compounds
Other anions	Arsenic trioxide Arsenic trisulfide Arsenic triselenide
Other cations	Antimony telluride Bismuth telluride
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C , 100 kPa). Infobox references

Arsenic(III) telluride is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula As₂Te₃. It exists in two forms, the monoclinic α phase which transforms under high pressure to a rhombohedral β phase. The compound is a semiconductor, with most current carried by holes. Arsenic telluride has been examined for its use in nonlinear optics.

Molecular and crystal structure

Arsenic(III) telluride is a bulk form of group 15 sesquichalcogenides which form chains of As₂Te₃ molecules that are eventually stacked on top of each other and held together by weak Van der Waals forces. This stacking of long branches of As₂Te₃ molecules gives arsenic(III) telluride an amorphous crystalline structure that can be found in the ɑ-As₂Te₃ and β-As₂Te₃ configurations at different pressures. At ambient pressure, ɑ-As₂Te₃ yields a monoclinic structure with low thermoelectric properties; however, when placed in high pressure environments, ɑ-As₂Te₃ transforms into the β-As₂Te₃ configuration that has a rhombohedral R3m space group with high thermoelectric properties.

As₂Te₃ is a semiconductor and has been used to study nonlinear optics due to its ability to conduct electrical current; however, at high temperatures when doped with impurities causes these conductive abilities to transform irreversibly from its traditional semiconductor ability to metal conduction only. This irreversible transformation is most likely caused by the doping materials added to As₂Te₃ forming impurity clusters which causes an increase in paramagnetic tendency of the complex.

Applications in nonlinear optics

As₂Te₃ is the least studied amorphous chalcogenide compound, which are a group of semiconductors primarily used in nonlinear optics as glasses or lenses to redistribute light. It has not been studied widely due to the difficulty to synthesize As₂Te₃ into amorphous crystalline solids. In order to avoid crystalizing arsenic telluride, it must be quenched quickly after it comes out of the melt. Arsenic telluride and As₂Te₃ containing materials are starting to increase in popularity in the field of nonlinear optics because the amorphous glasses As₂Te₃ is exceptional at redistributing the electrical charge density of the light source (typically a laser) when it interacts within the medium. The significance of this redistribution is that it allows for the modification of the laser’s nature to perform a specific function. Some examples of this are the use of lasers in sensors, optical communication systems, as well as changing the color of the laser for equipment and other machinery used in materials research.

It has also been discovered in recent studies that As₂Te₃ presents mobility edges, which are edges surrounding a conductive gap, regardless of temperature allowing for the amorphous structure to conduct electricity at greater rates than expected. Due to this, it can be hypothesized that the mobility edges lie between delocalized and localized states as well as having a more energetically efficient transition from dark mobility to photoconductive mobility than other amorphous glasses.

Semiconductor

Arsenic(III) telluride, in its doped crystalline form, houses electron carriers that are caused by doping impurities that sit close to the edge due to the relatively free electron density around the edges. These relatively free electrons interact with the impurities causing a decrease in electron density around the edge which causes a “tail” to form. These band tails overlap causing a gap or a hole, similar to p-type doping, that can be used for conduction; however, the mobility of the carriers in the lattice decreases significantly near the Fermi level of the two tails. This indicates that electronic stimuli, usually phonon related, is needed to induce hopping of electrons into the gap to cause conduction. The need of external phonon stimuli to cause electrical conductivity of As₂Te₃ crystals further supports the effectiveness of As₂Te₃ or As₂Te₃ based glasses in the use of nonlinear optics because the light upon entering the lattice causes the electron hopping inducing conduction. Since the electrons are hopping into the conductance gap near the Fermi level, the light is being modified and will exit the lattice in a different form than it entered.

References

1. Carron, G. J. (1963-05-01). "The crystal structure and powder data for arsenic telluride". Acta Crystallographica. 16 (5). International Union of Crystallography (IUCr): 338–343. Bibcode:1963AcCry..16..338C. doi:10.1107/s0365110x63000943. ISSN 0365-110X.
2. Sharma, Yamini; Srivastava, Pankaj (2011). "First principles investigation of electronic, optical and transport properties of α- and β-phase of arsenic telluride". Optical Materials. 33 (6). Elsevier BV: 899–904. Bibcode:2011OptMa..33..899S. doi:10.1016/j.optmat.2011.01.020. ISSN 0925-3467.
3. Moustakas, T. D.; Weiser, K. (1975-09-15). "Transport and recombination properties of amorphous arsenic telluride". Physical Review B. 12 (6). American Physical Society (APS): 2448–2454. Bibcode:1975PhRvB..12.2448M. doi:10.1103/physrevb.12.2448. ISSN 0556-2805.
4. Lee, Jinho; Jhon, Young In; Lee, Kyungtaek; Jhon, Young Min; Lee, Ju Han (2020-09-17). "Nonlinear optical properties of arsenic telluride and its use in ultrafast fiber lasers". Scientific Reports. 10 (1). Springer Science and Business Media LLC: 15305. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015305L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72265-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7498598. PMID 32943737.
5. ^ Biswas, Shipra (2 April 1984). "Anomalous Electrical Resistance in Crystalline As₂Te₃". Department of Magnetism, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science.
6. ^ Lee, Jinho; Jhon, Young In; Lee, Kyungtaek; Jhon, Young Min; Lee, Ju Han (2020-09-17). "Nonlinear optical properties of arsenic telluride and its use in ultrafast fiber lasers". Scientific Reports. 10 (1): 15305. Bibcode:2020NatSR..1015305L. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-72265-3. ISSN 2045-2322. PMC 7498598. PMID 32943737.
7. ^ Segawa, Hideo (April 1974). "DC and AC Conductivity in Amorphous As₂Se₃-As₂Te₃ System". Journal of the Physical Society of Japan. 36 (4): 1087–1095. Bibcode:1974JPSJ...36.1087S. doi:10.1143/jpsj.36.1087. ISSN 0031-9015.
8. ^ Weiser, K.; Brodsky, M. H. (1970-01-15). "dc Conductivity, Optical Absorption, and Photoconductivity of Amorphous Arsenic Telluride Films". Physical Review B. 1 (2): 791–799. Bibcode:1970PhRvB...1..791W. doi:10.1103/physrevb.1.791. ISSN 0556-2805.
9. Kityk, I. V.; Kasperczyk, J.; Pluciński, K. (1999-10-01). "Two-photon absorption and photoinduced second-harmonic generation in Sb₂Te₃–CaCl₂–PbCl₂ glasses". Journal of the Optical Society of America B. 16 (10): 1719. Bibcode:1999JOSAB..16.1719K. doi:10.1364/josab.16.001719. ISSN 0740-3224.
10. ^ Krištofik, J.; Mareš, J. J.; Šmíd, V. (1985-05-16). "The Effect of Pressure on Conductivity and Permittivity of As₂Te₃-Based Glasses". Physica Status Solidi A. 89 (1): 333–345. Bibcode:1985PSSAR..89..333K. doi:10.1002/pssa.2210890135. ISSN 0031-8965.

• Arsenic(III) compounds
• Tellurides