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Atypical canine infectious respiratory disease complex

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Atypical canine infectious respiratory disease complex (aCIRDC) is a proposed novel respiratory disease in dogs of unknown cause. It has been recorded in 19 US states, with more cases on the West Coast.

It has also been referred to as respiratory syndrome of unknown aetiology in dogs and as canine respiratory disease of unknown origin.

History

It was first described in summer 2023 as a cluster of 200 cases around Portland, Oregon.

Characteristics

Symptoms include a cough, fever, lethargy, sneezing and watery eyes. In some cases, the illness proceeds to death. Cases tend to fit three clinical syndromes: chronic mild/moderate tracheobronchitis of prolonged duration (6+ weeks), with coughing, sneezing, and watery eyes; chronic pneumonia that is minimally responsive to antimicrobials, possibly including dyspnea; and, rarely, acute pneumonia that rapidly becomes severe and can lead to death. Most cases are self-limiting and respond well to supportive care. Antibiotics may be indicated.

Diagnosis should rule out known forms of canine infectious respiratory disease complex (CIRDC; also known as kennel cough). aCIRDC does not respond to regular treatment protocols for CIRCD and the course of the disease is longer and more severe.

There is no evidence that it can spread to humans.

Cause

The cause is currently unknown.

The Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory at the University of New Hampshire have put forth a possible bacterium as the cause. They have tentatively identified this as IOLA KY405, which was previously identified in humans in 2021. This is similar to Mycoplasma in lacking a cell wall and having a small genome.

However, other vets have suggested that this might just represent a peak in CIRDC cases and not involve any new pathogens. This could be due to changes in human behaviour following the end of COVID-19 lockdowns and other COVID-19-related disruption to veterinary care (e.g. frequency of vaccination), as well as to the general increase in dog numbers in the US.

See also

References

  1. ^ Hasan, Mahamudul and Miller, Laura, Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex: A Case Study of Epidemiology and Risk Factor Investigation Based on Survey Data from Dog Owners Across the United States of America. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=4805779 or http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4805779
  2. "Canine respiratory disease outbreaks". 25 August 2022.
  3. "Understanding Atypical Canine Respiratory Disease | Johns Hopkins | Bloomberg School of Public Health". 5 December 2023.
  4. "Map shows where mysterious dog respiratory illness has spread in U.S. - CBS News". CBS News. 19 December 2023.
  5. ^ "LSU Vet Med raises awareness about Atypical Canine Infectious Respiratory Disease Complex (ACIRDC): Symptoms, Research, and Precautions".
  6. ^ https://www.aaha.org/publications/newstat/articles/2023-12/canine-respiratory-mystery-what-we-know-about-the-outbreak/
  7. "Q&A: What to Know About a Mysterious Dog Illness Sweeping the Country". 20 December 2023.
  8. "Canine respiratory disease outbreaks". 25 August 2022.
  9. ^ https://assets-002.noviams.com/novi-file-uploads/mvma/pdfs-and-documents/Regulatory/K9_Atypical_Pneumonia_Update_V2.pdf
  10. Fukuda, Kazumasa; Yamasaki, Kei; Ogura, Yoshitoshi; Kawanami, Toshinori; Ikegami, Hiroaki; Noguchi, Shingo; Akata, Kentarou; Katsura, Keisuke; Yatera, Kazuhiro; Mukae, Hiroshi; Hayashi, Tetsuya; Taniguchi, Hatsumi (2021). "A human respiratory tract-associated bacterium with an extremely small genome". Communications Biology. 4 (1): 628. doi:10.1038/s42003-021-02162-6. PMC 8155191. PMID 34040152.
  11. "Penn Vet | Three takeaways on respiratory illness in dogs".
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