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The Badaic languages include three closely related Austronesian languages spoken in the North Lore and South Lore districts in Poso Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, viz. Bada (Bada’), Behoa (Besoa), and Napu, and also Limola, spoken in North Luwu Regency, South Sulawesi. Bada, Besoa and Napu are 80–91% lexically similar and to a great degree mutually intelligible, but their speakers are culturally distinct.

Classification

The classification of the Badaic languages has been controversial. While traditionally held to be a branch of the Kaili-Pamona languages, they share many features with languages of the Seko branch of the South Sulawesi languages and have been reclassified in recent sugrouping proposals as South Sulawesi languages that were strongly influenced by Kaili-Pamona languages.

Zobel (2020) classifies Badaic with the Seko languages as part of a Seko–Badaic group within the South Sulawesi branch.

References

1. ^ Mead, David (2024). "Sulawesi historical linguistics". In Alexander Adelaar; Antoinette Schapper (eds.). The Oxford Guide to the Malayo-Polynesian Languages of Southeast Asia. Oxford University Press. pp. 151–164. doi:10.1093/oso/9780198807353.003.0012.
2. ^ Martens, Michael P. (1989). "The Badaic languages of Central Sulawesi". In James N. Sneddon (ed.), Studies in Sulawesi languages, part 1, 19–53. Jakarta: Universitas Katolik Indonesia Atma Jaya.
3. Esser, S. J. 1938. "Talen", in Atlas van Tropische Nederland, Sheet 9b. Amsterdam: Nederlandsch Aardrijkskundig Genootschap.
4. Barr, Donald F., and Sharon G. Barr and C. Salombe. (1979). Languages of Central Sulawesi: checklist, preliminary classification, language maps, wordlists. Ujung Pandang: Hasanuddin University.
5. Mead, David. (2003). "Evidence for a Celebic supergroup." In John Lynch (ed.), Issues in Austronesian historical phonology. pp. 115–141. PL-550. Canberra: Australian National University.
6. Laskowske, Tom. (2007). "The Seko languages of South Sulawesi: a reconstruction". In David Mead (ed.), Studies in Philippine languages & cultures: 10-ICAL historical comparative papers, pp. 115–210. Manila: Linguistic Society of the Philippines and Summer Institute of Linguistics.
7. Zobel, Erik (2020). "The Kaili–Wolio Branch of the Celebic Languages". Oceanic Linguistics. 59 (1/2). University of Hawai'i Press: 297–346. doi:10.1353/ol.2020.0014. S2CID 235064564.

Further reading

• Woensdregt, Jacob (1925). Mythen en sagen der Berg-Toradja's van Midden-Selebes, vertaald en van aanteekeningen voorzien. Verhandelingen van het Koninklijk Bataviaasch Genootschap van Kunsten en Wetenschappen, 65:3. Weltevreden: Kolff.

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