Baillon is a surname of French origin. Notable people with the surname include:
- Henri Ernest Baillon (1827–1895), French physician and botanist
- Louis Antoine François Baillon (1778–1851), French naturalist and collector
- Louis Charles Baillon (1881–1965), Falkland Islands field-hockey player
- Susan Janet Baillon (1957), aka Siouxsie Sioux, British singer-songwriter
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