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Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art
Awarded by the Minister-President of Bavaria
Type	Order of Merit
Established	28 November 1853; 171 years ago (28 November 1853) 18 March 1980; 44 years ago (18 March 1980) (re-established)
Country	Bavaria, Germany
Eligibility	Preferably German scientists and artists
Awarded for	Outstanding achievements in the field of science and art
Status	Currently awarded
Founder	Maximilian II
Statistics
First induction	1853
Total inductees	573 (as of 2018)
Precedence
Next (higher)	none (highest)
Next (lower)	Bavarian Order of Merit
Ribbon bar of the order

The Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art (German: Bayerischer Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst) was first established on 28 November 1853 by King Maximilian II von Bayern. It is awarded to acknowledge and reward excellent and outstanding achievements in the field of science and art. From 1933 onwards (with the beginning of the Nazi regime) the order was no longer awarded, until 1980 when it was reinstated by the then Minister-President of the Free State of Bavaria Franz Josef Strauß. Munich jewellers Hemmerle have been responsible for making the medal since 1905.

Preamble

In continuation of a Bavarian tradition, the Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art was created. It is awarded to reward outstanding achievements in the field of science and art. (In Fortsetzung alter bayerischer Tradition wird der Bayerische Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst geschaffen. Mit ihm sollen herausragende Leistungen auf dem Gebieten von Wissenschaft und Kunst ausgezeichnet werden.)

Criteria

The Maximilian Order is preferably awarded to German scientists and artists. It is not restricted to citizens of Bavaria. The order was instituted in one class and two sections (science and art). The order is restricted to 100 living members.

Nomination procedure

The Minister-President, the minister of state for their respective portfolio, and the two sections of the order are eligible to nominate new members. These proposals are evaluated by an advisory committee (Ordensbeirat). It gives its recommendation to the Minister-President for the final decision.

The advisory committee consists of:

• the President of the Landtag of Bavaria,
• the member of the government who is deputy of the Minister-President,
• the State Minister of Sciences, Research and the Arts,
• the President of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences and Humanities,
• the President of the Bavarian Academy of Fine Arts,
• the President of one of the Bavarian Art Colleges (Kunsthochschulen),
• the President of one of the Bavarian Universities and
• a representative of the applied sciences, who is named by the Minister-President.

All members of the advisory committee are selected for a period of five years. The committee decides with the majority of its members.

Members

From 1980 to 2018 the order has been awarded to 222 recipients. The number of living members of the order cannot exceed 100. As of December 2018 there are 95 living members of the order.

From 1853 to 1932 the order has been issued 351 times.

References

Citation

1. ^ Körner 1984, p. 350.
2. ^ "Terminhinweis: Ministerpräsident Dr. Markus Söder verleiht Bayerischen Maximiliansorden" (Press release) (in German). Munich: Bayerische Staatsregierung. 11 December 2018. Archived from the original on 26 October 2019. Retrieved 11 December 2018.
3. ^ Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 1 (German)
4. Royce-Greensill, Sarah (9 March 2018). "Hemmerle celebrates 125 years with a collection inspired by its past as a medal-maker". The Telegraph. Telegraph. Retrieved 18 April 2018.
5. Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 2 und 3 (German)
6. ^ Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst vom 18. März 1980, Artikel 6 (German)

Sources

• Schreiber, Georg (1964). Die Bayerischen Orden und Ehrenzeichen (in German). Munich: Prestel-Verlag.
• Körner, Hans (1984). "Der Bayerische Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst und seine Mitglieder". Zeitschrift für Bayerische Landesgeschichte (in German). 47: 299–398. Archived from the original on 19 July 2018. Retrieved 24 July 2012.; as book: Hefte zur Bayerischen Landesgeschichte (in German). Vol. 2. Kommission für bayerische Landesgeschichte bei der Akademie der Wissenschaften. 2001. ISBN 3-7696-9700-6.
• "Gesetz über den Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst" (PDF). Bayerische Staatsregierung (in German). München. 18 March 1980. Archived from the original (PDF) on 27 September 2011. Retrieved 25 February 2018. (The law)

External links

• Official website
• www.ordenmuseum.de: Der Bayerische Verdienstorden und Bayerischen Maximiliansorden für Wissenschaft und Kunst (German)

v t e Orders, decorations, and medals of the German Empire
Kingdom of Prussia	Order of the Black Eagle Order of Merit of the Prussian Crown Order of the Red Eagle Order of the Crown House Order of Hohenzollern Pour le Mérite Order of Saint John (Bailiwick of Brandenburg) Order of Louise Wilhelm-Orden
Kingdom of Bavaria	Order of Saint Hubert Military Order of Max Joseph Military Merit Order (Bavaria) Order of Theresa Order of Saint Elizabeth Royal Order of Saint George Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown Order of Saint Michael (Bavaria) Bavarian Maximilian Order for Science and Art Order of Louis (Bavaria) Medical military Order
Kingdom of Saxony	Order of the Rue Crown Military Order of St. Henry Albert Order Civil Order of Saxony Order of Sidonia Order of Maria Anna
Kingdom of Württemberg	Order of the Crown (Württemberg) Military Merit Order (Württemberg) Friedrich Order Order of Olga
Kingdom of Hanover	Order of St. George Royal Guelphic Order Order of Ernst August
Grand Duchy of Baden	Military Karl-Friedrich Merit Order Order of Berthold the First Order of the Zähringer Lion House Order of Fidelity
Grand Duchy of Hesse	House Order of the Golden Lion Ludwig Order Order of Philip the Magnanimous Order of the Star of Brabant General Honor Decoration
Landgraviate of Hesse-Kassel	House Order of the Golden Lion Wilhelm Order Order of the Iron Helmet
Landgraviate of Hesse-Darmstadt	Order of Philip the Magnanimous
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin	Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg) House Order of the Wendish Crown
Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Strelitz	Order of the Griffon (Mecklenburg) House Order of the Wendish Crown
Grand Duchy of Oldenburg	House and Merit Order of Peter Frederick Louis Friedrich-August Cross
Duchy of Saxe-Weimar	Order of the White Falcon
Duchy of Brunswick	Order of Henry the Lion
Duchy of Nassau	Order of the Gold Lion of the House of Nassau Order of Adolphe of Nassau
Duchy of Saxe-Altenburg	Saxe-Ernestine House Order
Duchy of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha	Saxe-Ernestine House Order (2006: Saxe-Coburg-Gotha House Order)
Duchy of Saxe-Meiningen	Saxe-Ernestine House Order
Duchy of Anhalt	Order of Albert the Bear Order of Merit for Science and Art
Principality of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen	House Order of Hohenzollern
Principality of Hohenzollern-Hechingen	House Order of Hohenzollern
Principality of Lippe-Detmold	Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe) Order of Leopold (Lippe) Order of Berta Order of the Rose of Lippe
Principality of Schaumburg-Lippe	Order of the Cross of Honour (Lippe)
Principality of Reuss	Princely Reuss Honour Cross
Principality of Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt	Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
Principality of Schwarzburg-Sondershausen	Princely Schwarzburg Honor Cross
Principality of Waldeck and Pyrmont	Order of Merit (Waldeck and Pyrmont)
Free cities	Hanseatic Cross

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• Awards established in 1853
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• 1853 establishments in Bavaria
• 1933 disestablishments in Germany
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