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Beyliks of Canik

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(Redirected from Beyliks of Djanik) Group of Anatolian beyliks in the 14th and 15th centuries
Beyliks of Canik
1300s (decade)–1460
Shown as Canik, Center-east Black Sea coast, yellowShown as Canik,
Center-east Black Sea coast, yellow
Capital(various)
Common languagesTurkish
Religion Islam
GovernmentBeylik
History 
• Collapse of the Sultanate of Rum 1300s (decade)
• Annexation by the Ottoman Empire 1460
Preceded by Succeeded by
Sultanate of Rum
Ottoman Empire
Today part ofTurkey

Beyliks of Canik (Turkish: Canik beylikleri) was a group of small Turkoman principalities in northern Anatolia during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Anthony Bryer connects the toponym Chanik with the name "Chani" which the Laz people call themselves.

Background

After the battle of Kösedağ in 1243, the Ilkhanid Mongols achieved a hegemony over Anatolia. The Seljuk sultans became the puppets of Ilkhanids and the former generals of Seljuks as well as Turkoman tribes within Seljuk realm who accepted the suzerainty of Ilkhanids, established themselves as semi-independent principalities called beylik. However, the middle Black Sea region of Anatolia lacked a dominant leader, and a series of beyliks emerged, ruled by the members of the same family. Those beyliks were smaller than the beyliks in the other regions of Anatolia and they were nominal vassals of Eretna. They lived in frequent warfare and their history is highly turbulent. Historians call all of them Beyliks of Canik. (Nowadays Canik is the name of a mountain system in the Middle Black Sea region as well as one of the second-level municipalities of Greater Samsun)

The beyliks

In the following table, the names usually refer to the founder of the beylik, (where the suffix "...oğulları" means "sons of") with the exception of Bafra which is the name of the capital city of the beylik.

Name of the beylik Capital End of duration
Beylik of Bafra Bafra 1460
Hacıemiroğulları Mesudiye 1427
Kubatoğulları Ladik 1428
Kutluşah Amasya 1381
Tacettinoğulları Niksar 1415
Taşanoğulları Merzifon 1398

All of the beyliks were incorporated in the Ottoman Empire.

The monarchs

Some members of the dynasties are:

Kutluşah:
  • Hacı Kutlu Şah Bey (1340-1361)
  • Hacı Şâdgeldi Bey (1361-1381)
  • Fahrüddîn Ahmed Bey (1381-1393)
Tacettinoğulları (Tâcüddînoğulları)
  • Tâcüddîn Doğan Şah (1308-1346)
  • Tâcüddîn Bey (1346-1387)
  • Mahmud Çelebi (1387-1423)
  • Hüsâmüddîn Hasan Bey (1423-1425)
Hacıemiroğulları (Bayramoğulları)
  • Hacı Bayram Bey (1313-1331)
  • Hacı Emir Bey (1331-1361)
  • Süleyman Bey (1386-1392)

References

  1. Bryer, 1975,127.
  2. Türkçe bilgi On line history (in Turkish)
  3. Yılmaz Öztuna:Devletler ve Hanedanlar, Kültür bakanlığı, 1996, ISBN 975-1704-715 pp.86-87
Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Ancestor
Qutalmish
Founder
Suleyman I
Capital
İznik, then Konya
Important centers and extension
Dynasty
Chronology
Wars and major battles
Culture
Arts
Writers and scholars
Other notable people
Anatolian beyliks
Tzachas (1081 - 1092)
Founder
Tzachas
Capital
İzmir
Important centers and extension:
Shah-Armens (1100–1207)
Founder
Sökmen el Kutbi
Capital
Ahlat
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Important works:
Artuqids (1102 - )
Ancestors
Eksük and his son Artuk, from Döğer Oghuz Türkmen clan
Founder
Muinüddin Sökmen Bey
Capitals
Three branches in Hasankeyf, Mardin and Harput
Important centers and extension:
Hasankeyf Dynasty or Sökmenli Dynasty:
Mardin Dynasty or Ilgazi Dynasty:
Harput Dynasty:
Danishmends (1071–1178)
Founder
Danishmend Gazi
Capitals
Sivas
Niksar
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Mengujekids (1071–1277)
Founder
Mengücek Bey
Capitals
Erzincan, later also Divriği
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Mengücek Bey (1071–1118)
Mengücekli Ishak Bey (1118–1120)
1120–1142
Temporarily incorporated into the Beylik of Danishmends
Erzincan and Kemah Branch
Mengücekli Davud Shah (1142- ?)
1228
Incorporation into the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Divriği Branch
Mengücekli Süleyman Shah (1142- ?)
1277
Beylik destroyed by Abaka
Saltukids (1072–1202)
Founder
Saltuk Bey
Capital
Erzurum
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Aydinids (1307–1425)
Founder
Aydınoğlu Mehmed Bey
Capitals
Birgi, later Ayasluğ
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Events
1390
First period of incorporation (by marriage) into the Ottoman Empire under Bayezid I the Thunderbolt
1402–1414
Second period of Beylik reconstituted by Tamerlane to Aydınoğlu Musa Bey (1402–1403)
Aydınoğlu Umur Bey (1403–1405)
İzmiroğlu Cüneyd Bey (1405–1425 with intervals)
1425
Second and last incorporation (by conquest) into the Ottoman realm under Murad II
Candaroğulları (~1300–1461)
Founder
Şemseddin Yaman Candar, commander descended from Kayı branch of Oghuz Turks in the imperial army of Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Capital
Kastamonu
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Sinop Dynasty or Isfendiyarid Dynasty :
Chobanids (1227–1309)
Founder
Hüsamettin Çoban Bey, commander from Kayı Oghuz clan of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Capital
Kastamonu
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Dulkadirids (1348- ~1525)
Ancestor
Hasan Dulkadir
Founder
Zeyneddin Karaca Bey
Capital
Elbistan
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Eretnids (1328–1381)
Founder
Eretna Bey, brother-in-law of the Ilkhanid governor for Anatolia, Timurtash
Capital
Sivas, later Kayseri
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Eshrefids (1288–1326)
Founder
Seyfeddin Süleyman Bey, regent to the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Capital
Beyşehir
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Germiyanids (1300–1429)
Ancestor
Kerimüddin Alişir
Founder
Germiyanlı Yakub Bey the First
Capital
Kütahya
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Hamidids (~1280–1374)
Ancestors
Hamid and his son Ilyas Bey, frontier rulers under Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Founder
Hamidoğlu Feleküddin Dündar Bey
Capital
Isparta
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Karamanids (~1250–1487)
Ancestor
Nure Sûfi from Afshar Oghuz clan
Founder
Kerimeddin Karaman Bey
Capitals
successively Ereğli
Ermenek
Larende (Karaman)
Konya
Mut
Dynasty:
Karasids (1303–1360)
Ancestor
Melik Danişmend Gazi
Founder
Karesi Bey
Capital
Balıkesir
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Ladik (~1300–1368)
Ancestor
Germiyanlı Ali Bey
Founder
Inanç Bey
Capital
Denizli
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Menteshe (~1261–1424)
Founder
Menteshe Bey
Capitals
Beçin castle and nearby Milas, later also Balat
Important centers and extension
Dynasty:
Pervâneoğlu (1261–1322)
Ancestor
Mühezzibeddin Ali Kâşî (vizier of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum)
Founder
Süleyman Pervâne
Capital
Sinop
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Ramadanids (1352–1516)
Founder
Ramazan Bey from Yüreğir Oghuz clan
Capitals
Adana
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
Sahib Ataids (1275–1341)
Founder
Sahib Ata Fahreddin Ali, vizier of the Seljuk Sultanate of Rum
Capital
Afyonkarahisar
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty
Sarukhanids (1302–1410)
Founder
Saruhan Bey
Capital
Manisa
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty
Teke (1301–1423)
Ancestors
Hamidoğlu dynasty
Founder
Tekeoğlu Yunus Bey
Capitals
Antalya
Korkuteli
Important centers and extension:
Dynasty:
States in late medieval Anatolia (after 1071)
Muslim states
Christian states
Categories: