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Bikrampur বিক্রমপুর
Vikramapura
Ancient ruins of Bikrampur
Nickname: City of Courage
Demonym	Bikrampuri (Dhakaiya)

Bikrampur (lit. City of Courage) was a historic region and a sub-division of Dhaka within the Bengal Presidency during the period of British India. Located along the banks of the Padma River (a major distributary of the Ganges), it was a significant cultural and political centre in Bengal. Today, the region is part of the Munshiganj District in Bangladesh.

History

Part of a series on the
History of Bangladesh
Etymology Timeline Traditional Urheimat
Ancient Neolithic 7600 - 3300 BCE Bronze Age 3300 – 1200 BCE     Pundra kingdom c.1280 – c. 300 BCE Iron Age 1200 – 200 BCE Vanga kingdom c.1100 – c. 340 BCE      House of Vijaya 543 BCE - 66 CE Northern Culture 700 – 200 BCE
Classical Gangaridai c. 350 – c. 300 BCE Nanda Dynasty c. 345 BCE– c. 322 BCE Mauryan Empire 325 – 185 BCE Samatata kingdom c. 232 BCE – 800 AD Shunga and Kushan c. 185 BCE – c. 75 CE Southwestern Silk Road c. 114 BCE – c. 1450 CE Indo-Roman trade relations c. 30 BCE – c. 600 CE Gupta Empire 240 – 550 CE Jaintia Kingdom 500 – 1835 CE Kamarupa kingdom 350 – 1140 CE Gauda Kingdom 590 – 626 CE
Medieval Laur kingdom 600 - 1565 CE Harikela kingdom 600 - 650 CE Gour Kingdom 600 – 1303 CE Khadga dynasty 650 – 750 CE Bhadra dynasty c. 700s CE Pala Empire 750 – 1100 CE Chandra dynasty 900 – 1050 CE Sena dynasty 1070 – 1320 CE Deva dynasty 1100 – 1250 CE Ghurid Conquest 1202 CE Khaljis of Bengal 1204 - 1231 CE Taraf Kingdom c. 1200s – c. 1600s CE Bhulua Kingdom 1203 – 1600s CE Delhi Sultanate 1204 – 1338 CE     Mamluk Dynasty 1206 – 1290 CE     Khalji Dynasty 1290 – 1320 CE     Tugluq Dynasty 1320 – 1338,1342 CE City State Sultanates     Sonargaon 1338 – 1352 CE     Lakhnauti/Gauda 1342 – 1352 CE     Satagon/Saptagram 1342 – 1352 CE Twipra Kingdom c. 1400 – 1949 CE Bengal Sultanate 1352 – 1576 CE     Ilyas Shahi dynasty 1342 – 1487 CE     House of Ganesha 1414 – 1436 CE     Habshi dynasty 1487 – 1494 CE     Hussein Shahi 1494 – 1538 CE     Suri Interruption 1539 – 1554 CE     Muhammad Shahi 1554 – 1564 CE     Karrani dynasty 1564 – 1576 CE Pratapgarh Kingdom 1489 – 1700s CE
Early Modern Koch Kingdom 1515 – 1956 CE Suri Dynasty 1540 – 1556 CE Twelve Bhuyans 1550 – 1620 CE Porto Grande de Bengala 1528 – 1666 CE Kingdom of Mrauk U 1530 – 1666 CE Mughal Empire 1576 – 1717 CE     Bengal Subah 1576 – 1717 CE     Rajshahi Raj c. 1700s - 1950 CE     Zamindars 1700s - 1900s CE Pratapaditya Kingdom 1602 – 1611 CE Sitaram Ray Kingdom 1688 – 1714 CE Nawabs of Bengal 1717 – 1757 CE     Maratha Invasions 1742 - 1751 CE     Siege of Calcutta 1756 CE Shamsher Gazi's Kingdom 1748 – 1760 CE Company Raj 1757 – 1858 CE     Bengal famine of 1770 1770 CE     Bengal Renaissance 1772 - 1913 CE     Faraizi Movement 1818 – 1884 CE     The Great Rebellion 1857 – 1858 CE British Raj 1858 – 1947 CE     Partition of Bengal 1905 CE     Bengal and Assam 1905 - 1912 CE     Bengal Famine 1943 CE     Bengali Prime Minister 1937 - 1947 CE     Noakhali riots 1946 CE
Modern East Bengal 1947 – 1955 CE     Partition of Bengal (1947) 1947 CE     East Bengali refugees 1947 CE     Bengali Language Movement 1948 – 1956 CE East Pakistan 1955 – 1971 CE     1964 East Pakistan riots 1964 CE     Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 1965 CE     Six Point Movement 1966 CE     East Pakistan Uprising 1969 CE     Pakistani general election 1970 CE     Non-cooperation 1971 CE Bangladesh Liberation War 1971 CE     Independence Declaration 1971 CE     Provisional Government 1971 – 1972 CE     Bangladesh Genocide 1971 CE     Surrender of Pakistan 1971 CE
Contemporary Bengal Famine 1974 CE Bangladesh Krishak Sramik Awami League 1975 CE Assassination of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman 1975 CE Jail Killing Day 1975 CE Military rule 1975 – 1990 CE Military coups in Bangladesh 1975 - 2011 CE Chittagong Hill Tracts conflict 1977 - 1997 CE Mass Uprising 1990 CE Transition to democracy 1991 – 2008 CE Caretaker government of Bangladesh 1996 CE Chittagong Hill Tracts Peace Accord 1997 CE Bangladeshi political crisis 2006–2008 CE Hasina era 2009–2024 CE Vision 2021 and Digital Bangladesh 2008 CE Bangladesh Rifles revolt 2009 CE Shapla Square protests 2013 CE Bangladesh quota reform movement 2013 CE International Crimes Tribunal 2009 CE 2015 Bangladeshi political crisis 2015 CE 2018 Bangladesh road-safety protests 2018 CE 2018 Bangladesh quota reform movement 2018 CE 2021 Bangladesh Communal Violence 2021 CE Smart Bangladesh Bangladesh protests (2022–2024) 2022- 2024 CE Student–People's uprising 2024 CE Interim Government era 2024–present CE Yunus ministry
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Pala Era

The region is successively ruled by Vigrahapala I, Narayanapala, Rajyapala, Gopala II, Vigrahapala II, Mahipala, Naya Pala, Vigrahapala III, Mahipala II, Shurapala II, Ramapala, Kumarapala, Gopala III and Madanapala. Pala empire disintegrated in 1174 weakened by attacks of the Sena dynasty.

Chandra Era

During the rule of Srichandra (reigned 930 – 975 AD), the administrative centre of the Chandra kingdom was established at Bikrampur. The Varman Dynasty (1035-1150 CE) replaced Chandras and established their independent kingdom.

Varman Era

After the fall of Chandras, The Varmans Dynasty became powerful in East Bengal. The Varmans claimed that they descended from a branch of Yadava Dynasty of Simhapur. Jat Varman, Hari Varman Samala Varman were the powerful rulers, who ruled in Bikrampur. Bhoja Varman was the last independent ruler of Varman Dynasty who was defeated by Vijaysena of the Sena dynasty.

Sen Era

A copper-plate inscription from the time of the ruler Vijay Sen (ruled 1097–1160), founder of the Sen Dynasty, was found in Barrackpore, in 1911. In this inscription, Bikrampur was mentioned as the capital of that region. It continued to be the capital throughout the, Sena Dynasty. In 1205, Turkic invader Bakhtiyar Khalji defeated the then-ruler Lakshman Sen in Nadia. Lakshman fled to Bikrampur. His two sons Vishwarup Sen and Keshab Sen kept ruling from here until 1230. However the copper-plate inscriptions during their reign do not mention Bikrampur as the capital. Another Hindu ruler, Danuj Rai, defeated a successor of Keshab Sen and started ruling from here. In early 1280 he moved the capital to Suvarnagrama (later named Sonargaon).

Mughal Era

Emperor Akbar established Bikrampur as one of the 52 parganas of Sonargaon sarkar in Bengal subah during his administrative reforms in 1572–1580. During his time, Chand Rai and Kedar Rai were the Zamindars of Bikramapur. In the expeditions against Bara-Bhuiyans, Mughal Subahdar Man Singh killed Kedar Rai in the early 1600s.

In post-Aurangzeb era, during the time of Nawab Murshid Quli Khan, Bikrampur was divided into eight taluks – Bhagyakul, Sreenagar, Maijpara, Sinhapara, Taltala, Sirajdikhan, Louhajong and Baligaon. Each taluk was represented by one zamindar. Muhammad Azim Khan became the Zamindar of Louhajong who held the title of "Khan Bahadur". Gobinda Prasad Roy became the Zamindar of Maijpara.

Notable people

• Fakhruddin Ahmed (born 1940)
• Iajuddin Ahmed (1931–2012)
• Atiśa (c. 982–1054 CE)
• Humayun Azad (1947–2004)
• Bhanu Bandopadhyay (1920–1983)
• Manik Bandopadhyay (19 May 1908 – 3 December 1956)
• Pratima Bandopadhyay (1934–2004)
• Atin Bandyopadhyay (1934–2019)
• Kedareswar Banerjee (1900–1975)
• Rameshwar Banerjee (8 February 1925 – 21 November 1945)
• Benoy Basu (1908–1930)
• Samaresh Basu (1924–1988)
• Jagadish Chandra Bose (1858–1937)
• Nripen Chakraborty (1905–2004)
• Moushumi Chatterjee (born 26 April 1948)
• Sabitri Chatterjee (born 22 February 1937)
• Aghorenath Chattopadhyay
• Nishikanta Chattopadhyay
• Soorjo Coomar Goodeve Chuckerbutty (1826–1874)
• Brojen Das (1927–1998)
• Chittaranjan Das (1870–1925)
• Durga Mohan Das (1841–1897)
• Narayan Debnath (1925-2022)
• Dwarkanath Ganguly (1844–1898)
• Suhasini Ganguly (1909–1965)
• Kaliprosanna Ghosh (1843–1910)
• Prafulla Chandra Ghosh (1891–1983)
• Badal Gupta (1912–1930)
• Dinesh Gupta (1911–1931)
• Jogendranath Gupta (1883–1965)
• Chashi Nazrul Islam (1941–2015)
• Radhu Karmakar (1919–1993)
• Adilur Rahman Khan, adviser for Housing and Public Works of Bangladesh
• Muhammad Hamidullah Khan (1938–2011)
• Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis (1893–1972)
• Imdadul Haq Milan (born 1955)
• Ashutosh Mukhopadhyay (1920–1989)
• Shirshendu Mukhopadhyay (born 1935)
• Sarojini Naidu (1879–1949)
• Kedar Ray
• Siddhartha Shankar Ray (1920–2010)
• Mokshadacharan Samadhyayi
• Laboni Sarkar
• Asit Sen (1922–2001)
• Soham Swami (1858–1918)
• Sarada Ukil (1888–1940)

See also

• Munshiganj Vihara

References

1. Chowdhury, AM (2012). "Pala Dynasty". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
2. Scott, David (May 1995). "Buddhism and Islam: Past to Present Encounters and Interfaith Lessons". Numen. 42 (2): 141–155. doi:10.1163/1568527952598657. JSTOR 3270172.
3. Chowdhury, AM (2012). "Chandra Dynasty, The". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
4. Le, Huu Phuoc (2010). Buddhist Architecture. Grafikol. ISBN 978-0-9844043-0-8.
5. Sayeed, Ahmad (4 October 2014). Know Your India: "Turn a New Page to Write Nationalism". Vij Books India Pvt Ltd. ISBN 978-93-84318-68-0.
6. Hazra, Kanai Lal (1995). The Rise and Decline of Buddhism in India. Munshiram Manoharlal Publishers. ISBN 978-81-215-0651-9.
7. Division, Publications. THE GAZETTEER OF INDIA Volume 2. Publications Division Ministry of Information & Broadcasting. ISBN 978-81-230-2265-9.
8. Raatan, T. (November 2003). Encyclopaedia of North-East India. Gyan Publishing House. ISBN 978-81-7835-068-4.
9. Proof of Bikrampur as the ancient capital of Bengal Archived 14 July 2011 at the Wayback Machine, Golam Ashraf Khan Uzzal
10. Misra, Chitta Ranjan (2012). "Laksmanasena". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
11. "Far East King Lists". Retrieved 30 December 2013.
12. ^ Chowdhury, AM (2012). "Vikramapura". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
13. Taher, MA (2012). "Raja Ganesha". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
14. Abul Fazl-I-'Allami (1949, reprint 1993). Ain-I-Akbari, Vol.II (tr. H.S. Jarett), Calcutta: The Asiatic Society, p.151
15. Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Chand Rai". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
16. Khan, Muazzam Hussain (2012). "Kedar Rai". In Islam, Sirajul; Jamal, Ahmed A. (eds.). Banglapedia: National Encyclopedia of Bangladesh (Second ed.). Asiatic Society of Bangladesh.
17. Ahmed, Salahuddin (2004). Bangladesh. APH. ISBN 9788176484695. Retrieved 29 September 2015.
18. ":: Munshigonj District – Heritage Places – Maijpara Math ::". munshigonj.com. Archived from the original on 30 September 2015. Retrieved 29 September 2015.

External links

• Historical Bikrampur

23°33′N 90°33′E / 23.550°N 90.550°E / 23.550; 90.550

• Munshiganj District
• Buddhist sites in Bangladesh
• Historical regions in Bangladesh