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Bittium
Drawing from Hartling 1886, two views of a shell of Bittium reticulatum
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Mollusca
Class:	Gastropoda
Subclass:	Caenogastropoda
Superfamily:	Cerithioidea
Family:	Cerithiidae
Genus:	Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847
Type species
Strombiformis reticulatus da Costa, 1778
Synonyms
Bittium (Bittium) Gray, 1847· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Brachybittium) Weisbord, 1962· accepted, alternate representation Bittium (Rasbittium) Gründel, 1976 (junior objective synonym of Manobittium) Cerithiolum Tiberi, 1869 (junior objective synonym of Bittium) Cerithium (Bittium) Gray, 1847 Dahlakia Biggs, 1971 Inobittium Monterosato, 1917 Manobittium Monterosato, 1917

Bittium is a genus of very small sea snails, marine gastropod molluscs in the family Cerithiidae, the horn snails.

Distribution

This genus is found worldwide.

Description

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Species

Species in the genus Bittium include:

• Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium afrum
• Bittium amboynense (Watson, 1881)
• Bittium anembatum (Melvill, 1904)
• Bittium aquaticum
• Bittium arenaense Hertlein & Strong, 1951
• Bittium armillatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium arnoldi Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium atramentarium Melvill & Standen, 1901
• Bittium bandatum Bozzetti, 2019
• Bittium bartolomense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium batillarium Kuroda & Habe, 1971
• Bittium casmaliense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium cerithium
• Bittium cerralvoense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium challisae Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium chrysomallum Melvill, 1901
• Bittium circa Moreno, 2006
• Bittium clathratalum
• † Bittium courtillerianum (Millet, 1865)
• † Bittium crassicostatum (Etheridge & Bell, 1898)
• † Bittium crassum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium decussatum (Carpenter, 1857)
• Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium depauperatum (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium diminutivum (Philippi, 1845)
• Bittium dumblei
• Bittium editum (Powell, 1930)
• Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
• † Bittium eniwetokense Ladd, 1972
• Bittium exiguum
• Bittium fastigiatum Carpenter, 1864
• Bittium filosum
• Bittium fretense
• † Bittium gallicum Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium giganteum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium glareosum Gould, 1861
• † Bittium gliberti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
• Bittium hartbergense
• Bittium hawaiiensis
• Bittium impendens (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium incile Watson, 1897
• Bittium inornatum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium insulsum Preston, 1908
• Bittium koeneni
• Bittium lacteum (Philippi, 1836)
• Bittium laevicordatum (Powell, 1937)
• † Bittium larrieyense Vignal, 1911
• Bittium latreillii (Payraudeau, 1826)
• † Bittium lozoueti Van Dingenen, Ceulemans & Landau, 2016
• Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium mexicanum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium midwayense Kosuge, 1979
• Bittium multiliratum
• Bittium nanum (Mayer, 1864)
• Bittium nicholsi Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium nitens Carpenter, 1864
• Bittium ornatissimum Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium paleonotum
• Bittium paludosum
• Bittium panamense Bartsch, 1911
• Bittium peruvianum (d'Orbigny, 1841)
• Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880)
• † Bittium pingue Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium porcellanum Watson, 1886
• Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930)
• Bittium pupiforme (Watson, 1880)
• Bittium quadricinctum E. A. Smith, 1903
• † Bittium renauleauense Landau, Ceulemans & Van Dingenen, 2018
• Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778) –
• Bittium rubanocinctum
• Bittium russiensis
• Bittium salinae
• Bittium sanjuanense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium santamariense Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium scalatum
• Bittium semigranosum
• Bittium semigranulosum''
• Bittium serra Bartsch, 1917
• Bittium simplex (Jeffreys, 1867)
• Bittium spina
• Bittium stigmosum
• Bittium submamillatum (Jeffreys, 1867)
• † Bittium sublima (d'Orbigny, 1852)
• Bittium tenuispina
• Bittium terebelloides
• † Bittium transenna (Bayan, 1873)
• Bittium tumidum Bartsch, 1907
• Bittium turritella
• Bittium vancouverense Dall & Bartsch, 1910
• † Bittium venustulum (Millet, 1865)
• † Bittium vignali Dollfus, 1909
• Bittium watsoni (Jeffreys, 1885)
• Bittium xanthum Watson, 1886

Species brought into synonymy

• Bittium adamsi Dall, 1889: synonym of Finella adamsi (Dall, 1889)
• Bittium alternatum (Say, 1822) and Bittium nigrum (Totten, 1834) are synonyms of Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822)
• Bittium asperum Gabb, 1861: synonym of Lirobittium asperum (Gabb, 1861)
• Bittium attenuatum Carpenter, 1864 – slender cerith: synonym of Lirobittium attenuatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium boeticum (Pease, 1860) and Bittium pusillum (Gould, 1851) are synonyms of Cerithium boeticum Pease, 1860
• Bittium catalinense Bartsch, 1907: synonym of Lirobittium purpureum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium cinctum Hutton, 1885: synonym of Seila cincta (Hutton, 1886)
• † Bittium cossmanni: synonym of † Hemicerithium cossmanni (Dall, 1892)
• Bittium diplax Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium eschrichti (Middendorff, 1849): synonym of Neostylidium eschrichtii (Middendorff, 1849)
• Bittium estuarinumTate, 1893: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium exile (Hutton, 1873): synonym of Zebittium exile (Hutton, 1873)
• Bittium fetellum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium fetellum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium furvum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Cacozeliana furva (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium fuscocapitulum Hedley & Petterd, 1906 : synonym of Cacozeliana fuscocapitulum (Hedley & Petterd, 1906)
• Bittium granarium (Kiener, 1842) is a synonym of Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842)
• Bittium hiloense: synonym of Bittinella hiloensis (Pilsbry & Vanatta, 1908)
• Bittium houbricki Ponder, 1993 : synonym of Ittibittium houbricki (Ponder, 1993)
• Bittium icarus (Bayle, 1880) : synonym of Cacozeliana icarus (Bayle, 1880)
• Bittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of Lirobittium interfossa (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium jadertinum Brusina, 1865: synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium johnstonae Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium johnstonae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium larum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium larum (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium lawleyanum Crosse, 1863: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium leucocephalum Watson, 1886 : synonym of Argyropeza leucocephala (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium minutulum: synonym of Batillariella minutula (Thiele, 1930) (original combination)
• Bittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864): synonym of Lirobittium munitum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium oldroydae Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium oldroydae (Bartsch, 1911) (original combination)
• Bittium oryza (Mörch, 1876) : synonym of Ittibittium oryza (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium paganicum (Dall, 1919): synonym of Lirobittium paganicum (Dall, 1919)
• Bittium parcum Gould, 1861 is a synonym of Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium perparvulum Watson, 1886 is a synonym of Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886)
• Bittium perpusillum Tryon, 1887 : synonym of Cerithium alutaceum (Gould, 1861)
• Bittium plumbeum: synonym of Zeacumantus plumbeus (G. B. Sowerby II, 1855)
• Bittium quadrifilatum Carpenter, 1864 – four-thread cerith: synonym of Lirobittium quadrifilatum (Carpenter, 1864) (original combination)
• Bittium scabrum (Olivi, 1792) : synonym of Bittium reticulatum (da Costa, 1778)
• Bittium seymourianum Strebel, 1908: synonym of Cerithiella seymouriana (Strebel, 1908) (original combination)
• Bittium subplanatum Bartsch, 1911: synonym of Lirobittium rugatum (Carpenter, 1864)
• Bittium torresiense Melvill & Standen, 1899 : synonym of Bittium elegantissimum (Hedley, 1899)
• Bittium variegatum Henn & Brazier, 1894 : synonym of Cacozeliana variegatum (Henn & Brazier, 1894)
• Bittium varium (Pfeiffer, 1840) – grass cerith is a synonym of Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840)
• Bittium zebrum (Kiener, 1841) is a synonym of Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841

Nomen dubium

• Bittium alabastrulum (Mörch, 1876)
• Bittium caraboboense (Weisbord, 1962)
• Bittium galactis Mörch, 1876
• Bittium lima (Bruguière, 1792)

See also

• Cerithium
• Ittibittium

References

1. Leach (1847). Ann. Mag. nat. Hist. 20: 270.
2. ^ Gofas, S. (2011). Bittium Leach in Gray, 1847. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=137758 on 8 February 2011
3. ZipCodeZoo
4. WoRMS (2010). Bittium aedonium (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473064 on 13 January 2011
5. ^ "Bittium". Integrated Taxonomic Information System. accessed 13 January 2011.
6. WoRMS (2010). Bittium delicatum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473067 on 13 January 2011
7. WoRMS (2010). Bittium elegantissimum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473063 on 13 January 2011
8. WoRMS (2010). Bittium lusciniae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473070 on 13 January 2011
9. WoRMS (2010). Bittium philomelae (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473071 on 13 January 2011
10. WoRMS (2010). Bittium pigrum (Watson, 1880). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473079 on 13 January 2011
11. Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum alternatum (Say, 1822). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160172 on 13 January 2011
12. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium boeticum. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473096 on 13 January 2011
13. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium diplax (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397036 on 13 January 2011
14. WoRMS (2010). Cacozeliana granarium (Kiener, 1842). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473085 on 13 January 2011
15. WoRMS (2010). Ittibittium parcum (Gould, 1861). In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=473137 on 13 January 2011
16. Gofas, S. (2010). Cerithidium perparvulum (Watson, 1886). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=397037 on 13 January 2011
17. Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010). Bittiolum varium (Pfeiffer, 1840). Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=160174 on 13 January 2011
18. WoRMS (2010). Cerithium zebrum Kiener, 1841. In: Bouchet, P.; Gofas, S.; Rosenberg, G. (2010) World Marine Mollusca database. Accessed through: World Register of Marine Species at http://www.marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=216673 on 13 January 2011

• Biggs H.E. (1971). On a proposed new genus of cerithid mollusca from the Dahlak islands, Red Sea. Journal of Conchology 27: 221–223, pl. 7
• Gründel J. (1976). Zur Taxonomie und Phylogenie der Bittium-Gruppe. Malakologische Abhandlungen 5(3): 33–59
• Houbrick R. (1978). Redescription of Bittium proteum (Jousseaume, 1930) with comments on its generic placements. The Nautilus 92 (1): 9–11
• Vaught, K.C. (1989). A classification of the living Mollusca. American Malacologists: Melbourne, FL (USA). ISBN 0-915826-22-4. XII, 195 pp
• Gofas, S.; Le Renard, J.; Bouchet, P. (2001). Mollusca, in: Costello, M.J. et al. (Ed.) (2001). European register of marine species: a check-list of the marine species in Europe and a bibliography of guides to their identification. Collection Patrimoines Naturels, 50: pp. 180–213

Further reading

• Gray, J. E. (1847). A list of the genera of recent Mollusca, their synonyma and types. Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 15: 129-219
• Powell A. W. B., New Zealand Mollusca, William Collins Publishers Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand 1979 ISBN 0-00-216906-1
• Gray, J.E. (1847). On the classification of the British Mollusca by W E Leach. Annals and Magazine of Natural History. ser. 1, 20: 267-273
• Verduin A. (1982). On the taxonomy and variability of recent european species of the genus Bittium Leach (Mollusca, Gastropoda, Prosobranchia). Basteria 46: 93-120
• Houbrick R. (1977). Reevaluation and new description of the genus Bittium (Cerithiidae). The Veliger 20 (2): 101-106

• Cerithiidae