This is a list of instruments by Hornbostel-Sachs number, covering those instruments that are classified under 321.21 under that system. These instruments may be known as bowl lyres.
- 3: Instruments in which sound is produced by one or more vibrating strings (chordophones, string instruments).
- 321.2: Instruments in which the string is attached to a yoke that consists of a cross-bar and two arms, with the yoke lying in the same plane as the sound-table (lyres or yoke lutes)
- 321.21: Instruments in which the resonator is bowl-shaped, either carved or natural
These instruments may be classified with a suffix, based on how the strings are caused to vibrate.
- 4: Hammers or beaters
- 5: Bare hands and fingers
- 6: Plectrum
- 7: Bowing
- 71: Using a bow
- 72: Using a wheel
- 73: Using a ribbon
- 8: Keyboard
- 9: Using a mechanical drive
List
| Instrument | Tradition | Hornbostel–Sachs classification | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| endongo |
Baganda peoples of Uganda | 321.21 | Bowl lyre made of lizardskin with strings tied to a piece of wood inserted into two holes on two arms |
| lyre |
Greece, Ancient | 321.21-5 | Stringed instrument, strummed with a plectrum, with the free hand silencing unwanted strings, traditionally made from a tortoise shell |
| nyatiti |
Kenya | 321.21-5 | 3-foot-long (0.91 m) harp, plucked with both hands, made of wood and goat or antelope skin
|
References
- von Hornbostel, Erich M.; Curt Sachs (March 1961). "Classification of Musical Instruments: Translated from the Original German by Anthony Baines and Klaus P. Wachsmann". The Galpin Society Journal. 14. Galpin Society: 3–29. doi:10.2307/842168. JSTOR 842168.
Notes
- Wachsmann, Klaus (1964). "The Migration of Musical Instruments: Human Migration and African Harps". Journal of the International Folk Music Council. 16: 84–88. doi:10.2307/835087. JSTOR 835087.
- "Review of Midiaeval Music: An Historical Sketch by Robert Charles Hope" (pdf). Saturday Review of Books and Art. New York Times. December 16, 1899. Retrieved December 21, 2007.
- Roberts, Helen (February 1981). "Reconstructing the Greek Tortoise-Shell Lyre". Archaeology and Musical Instruments. 12 (3): 303–312. doi:10.1080/00438243.1981.9979805. JSTOR 124242.
- Nidel, Richard (2005). World Music: The Basics. Routledge. pp. 58. ISBN 0-415-96800-3.
Much of Kenya's music is derivative of other Afropop forms, most obviously Congolese, but the singing, high-pitched guitar work, use of the national instrument, the nyatiti (a seven-stringed harp), and bottle percussion give it a unique, identifiable sound.
- Verjee, Zain (August 30, 1999). "Journey through a rhythm nation". Kenya. BBC News. Retrieved February 19, 2008.
- Radano, Ronald Michael; Philip Vilas Bohlman (2000). Music and the Racial Imagination. Houston A Baker, Jr. and Houston A. Baker. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0-226-70199-9.
| Hornbostel–Sachs system | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1. Idiophone (list) |
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| 2. Membran- ophone (list) |
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| 3. Chordophone (list) |
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| 4. Aerophone (list) |
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| 5. Electrophone (list) |
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