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History of Korea
Prehistoric period Palaeolithic 700,000 BC-8000 BC Neolithic 8000 BC–1500 BC * Jeulmun Bronze Age 1500 BC–300 BC * Mumun * Liaoning dagger
Ancient period Gojoseon 2333 BC–108 BC * Dangun * Gija * Wiman Jin 4th–2nd century BC Yemaek
Proto–Three Kingdoms period Takri Dongye Buyeo Eastern Galsa Okjeo Samhan Ma Byeon Jin Goguryeo Tamna Nakrang Four Commanderies of Han
Three Kingdoms period Goguryeo 37 BC–668 AD Baekje 18 BC–660 AD Silla 57 BC–935 AD Gaya confederacy 42–562 Tamna (Tributary of Baekje) 498–660 Usan 512–930
Northern and Southern period United Silla (Unified Silla) 668–892 Balhae 698–926 Little Goguryeo 699–820 Tamna (Tributary of Silla) 662–925
Later Three Kingdoms period Later Baekje 892–936 Taebong (Later Goguryeo) 901–918 Unified Silla (Later Silla) 892–935 Later Sabeol 919–927 Dongdan Kingdom 926–936 Later Balhae 927–935 Jeongan 938–986
Dynastic period Goryeo 918–1392 Tamna (Vassal of Goryeo) 938–1105 Heungyo 1029–1030 Joseon 1392–1897 Korean Empire 1897–1910
Colonial period Japanese occupation 1910–1945 Provisional Government 1919–1948
Modern period Military governments 1945–1948 North-South division 1945–present * North 1948–present * South 1948–present
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Korea has had a number of capitals. Korea is a peninsula in East Asia, currently the peninsula is divided into two countries: North Korea's capital is Pyongyang, and South Korea's capital is Seoul.

During Gojoseon

Gojoseon:

• Asadal — (legend, unknown)
• Wanggeom (modern Pyongyang) — Second capital (post 400 BCE)

During the Three Kingdoms of Korea

Three Kingdoms of Korea:

• Jolbon — first capital of Goguryeo (37 BCE — 3 CE)
• Gungnae City — second capital of Goguryeo (3 — 427 CE)
• Pyongyang — third capital of Goguryeo (427 — 668 CE)
• Wiryeseong (modern Seoul) — first capital of Baekje (18 BCE — 475 CE)
• Ungjin (modern Gongju) — second capital of Baekje (476 — 538 CE)
• Sabi (modern Buyeo County) — third capital of Baekje (538 — 660 CE)
• Gyeongju — capital of Silla (57 — 935 CE)

During the North–South States Period

North–South States Period:

• Gyeongju — capital of Silla (57 BCE — 935 CE)
• Dongmo Mountain — first capital of Balhae (698 — 742 CE)
• Junggyeong — second capital of Balhae (742 — 756 CE)
• Sanggyeong — third capital of Balhae (756 — 785 CE, 793 — 926 CE)

During the Later Three Kingdoms

Later Three Kingdoms:

• Gyeongju — capital of Silla (57 BCE — 935 CE)
• Wansanju (modern Jeonju) — capital of Later Baekje (892 — 936 CE)
• Songak (modern Kaesong) — first capital of Taebong (901 — 905 CE)
• Cheorwon (modern Cheorwon County) — second capital of Taebong (905 — 918 CE)

During Goryeo

Goryeo

• Gaegyeong (modern Kaesong)

During Joseon

Joseon and Korean Empire

• Hanseong (Seoul)

Modern capitals

• Seoul — capital of South Korea a.k.a. Republic of Korea (ROK)
  • Sejong City — future capital of the Republic of Korea from 2030.
• Pyongyang — capital of North Korea a.k.a. Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK)

Notes

1. Between 1948 and 1972, Seoul was also the de jure capital of the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (North Korea).

References

1. "Korea, South". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 14 November 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.
2. Eberstadt, Nicholas (1999). The End of North Korea. Washington: American Enterprise Institute. pp. 26, 32. ISBN 978-0-8447-4087-4.
3. "Korea, North". The World Factbook. Central Intelligence Agency. 16 November 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2022.

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