Carbon oxohalides are a group of chemical compounds that contain only carbon, oxygen and halogen atoms: fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine. They include carbonyl halides, COX2, and oxalyl halides, C2X2O2, where X = F, Cl, Br or I. The halogen atoms X do not have to be identical; they differ in mixed oxohalides. Most combinations of halogens exist but carbonyl iodide, COI2, is unknown. The carbon–oxygen bond length in carbonyl halides (1.13–1.17 Å) is shorter than in other carbonyl compounds such as aldehydes and ketones, carboxylic acids, esters and amides (1.20–1.21 Å). They are reactive reagents for halogenation, acylation and dehydration reactions.
| Name | Formula | Melting point / °C | Boiling point / °C | C–O bond length / Å |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Carbonyl fluoride | COF2 | −114 | −83.1 | 1.174 |
| Carbonyl chloride fluoride | COFCl | −42 | ||
| Carbonyl bromide fluoride | COFBr | −20.6 | ||
| Phosgene | COCl2 | −127.8 | +7.6 | 1.166 |
| Carbonyl iodide fluoride | COFI | −90 | +23.4 | |
| Carbonyl bromide chloride | COClBr | |||
| Carbonyl bromide | COBr2 | +64.5 | 1.13 | |
| Oxalyl fluoride | C2F2O2 | −3 | +26.6 | |
| Oxalyl chloride | C2Cl2O2 | −16 | +63 | |
| Diphosgene | C2Cl4O2 | −57 | +128 | |
| Triphosgene | C3Cl6O3 | +80 | +206 |
See also
References
- ^ Greenwood, Norman N.; Earnshaw, Alan (1997). Chemistry of the Elements (2nd ed.). Butterworth-Heinemann. pp. 304–305. ISBN 978-0-08-037941-8.
- Wells, A. F. (1984). Structural Inorganic Chemistry (5th ed.). Oxford University Press. p. 917. ISBN 978-0-19-965763-6.
- David R. Lide, ed. (1995). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (84th ed.). CRC Press. p. 9-34. ISBN 978-0849304842.
- Smith, Michael B.; March, Jerry (2007). March's Advanced Organic Chemistry (6th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. pp. 724, 728, 1276, 1427, 1550. ISBN 978-0-471-72091-1.