| Caseodontidae Temporal range: 315.2–247.2 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N Early Carboniferous to Early Triassic | |
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| Life restoration of Caseodus, the type genus | |
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| The skull of Ornithoprion, an aberrant caseodont | |
Scientific classification 
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| Domain: | Eukaryota |
| Kingdom: | Animalia |
| Phylum: | Chordata |
| Class: | Chondrichthyes |
| Subclass: | Holocephali |
| Order: | †Eugeneodontida |
| Clade: | †Caseodontoidea |
| Family: | †Caseodontidae Zangerl, 1981 |
| Type genus | |
| Caseodus Zangerl, 1981 | |
| Type species | |
| Orodus basalis (=Caseodus basalis) Cope, 1894 | |
| Genera | |
The Caseodontidae is an extinct family of eugeneodont holocephalans known from the late Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic of Greenland, Canada and the United States. Members of the group are characterized by a reduced or absent palatoquadrate, elongate upper and mandibular rostra, and bulbous, crushing dentition, including a small symphyseal whorl of teeth on the lower jaw and batteries of teeth fused directly to the neurocranium. Several genera are known from partial or complete body fossils.
Unlike the distantly related helicoprionids, members of this family crossed the Permian-Triassic boundary and persisted into the Olenekian stage of the Early Triassic, after which they became extinct. It is hypothesized that in life caseodonts fed on hard-shelled prey such as brachiopods due to their crushing tooth batteries, and it has been proposed that the elongated rostra on the upper and lower jaws of some genera was an adaptation for prying prey off of the seabed. Well preserved specimens are known from the Carboniferous of Nebraska and Indiana, deposits in East Greenland, and from the Sulphur Mountain Formation of British Columbia, which is the last known appearance of the group.
References
- "Caseodontidae". Mindat.org. Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ "Caseodontidae". Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). Retrieved 21 August 2024.
- ^ Zangerl, Rainer (1 January 1981). Chondrichthyes 1: Paleozoic Elasmobranchii (Handbook of Paleoichthyology). Friedrich Pfell. ISBN 978-3899370454.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: date and year (link) - ^ Mutter, Raoul; Neuman, Andrew (10 June 2008). "Jaws and dentition in an Early Triassic, 3-dimensionally preserved eugeneodontid skull (Chondrichthyes)". Acta Geologica Polonica. 58: 223–227.
- ^ Mutter, Raoul J.; Neuman, Andrew G. (2008). "New eugeneodontid sharks from the Lower Triassic Sulphur Mountain Formation of Western Canada". Geological Society, London, Special Publications. 295 (1): 9–41. Bibcode:2008GSLSP.295....9M. doi:10.1144/sp295.3. ISSN 0305-8719.
- Alexander, Richard R. (1981). "Predation Scars Preserved in Chesterian Brachiopods: Probable Culprits and Evolutionary Consequences for the Articulates". Journal of Paleontology. 55 (1): 192–203. ISSN 0022-3360. JSTOR 1304340.
| Taxon identifiers | |
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| Caseodontidae |
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