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Cephalomyidae Temporal range: Late Oligocene-Early Miocene (Deseadan-Colhuehuapian) ~21.0–17.5 Ma PreꞒ Ꞓ O S D C P T J K Pg N ↓
Mandible of Cephalomys arcidens
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Rodentia
Infraorder:	Hystricognathi
Parvorder:	Caviomorpha
Superfamily:	Cavioidea
Family:	†Cephalomyidae Ameghino 1897
Genera
†Banderomys †Cephalomyopsis †Cephalomys †Litodontomys †Soriamys

Cephalomyidae is an extinct family of caviomorph rodents from South America. The specific relationships of the family are uncertain, and affinities to both chinchilloid and cavioid rodents have been supported. Most recently, Kramarz in 2005 performed a phylogenetic analysis supporting a relationship to the Cavioidea, as represented by Eocardiidae, although more recent analyses have placed them among the chinchilloids as relatives of the giant neoepiblemid rodents. McKenna and Bell (1997) questioned the validity of the family, placing the cephalomyid genera then known in Dasyproctidae, but Kramarz (2001) subsequently reasserted the distinctiveness of cephalomyids.

Fossils of the family have been found in Deseadan to Colhuehuapian Fray Bentos, Deseado, Cerro Bandera and Sarmiento Formations and the Colhué Huapí Member of Argentina and the Puca Group of Bolivia.

References

1. Kramarz, Alejandro Gustavo (2005). "A primitive cephalomyid hystricognath rodent from the early Miocene of northern Patagonia, Argentina". Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 50 (2): 249–258.
2. Rasia, L.L.; Candela, A.M.; Cañón, C. (March 2021). "Comprehensive total evidence phylogeny of chinchillids (Rodentia, Caviomorpha): Cheek teeth anatomy and evolution". Journal of Anatomy. 239 (2): 405–423. doi:10.1111/joa.13430. PMC 8273581. PMID 33721329.
3. Cephalomyidae at Fossilworks.org

Further reading

• F. Ameghino. 1897. Mammiféres crétacés de l’Argentine (Deuxième contribution à la connaissance de la fauna mammalogique de couches à Pyrotherium) . Boletin Instituto Geografico Argentino 18(4–9):406-521
• Kramarz, A.G. 2001. Revision of the family Cephalomyidae (Rodentia, Caviomorpha) and new cephalomyids from the early Miocene of Patagonia. Palaeovertebrata 30(1-2):51-88.
• McKenna, Malcolm C., and Bell, Susan K. 1997. Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level. Columbia University Press, New York, 631 pp. ISBN 0-231-11013-8
• Vucetich, M.G., Verzi, D.H., and Hartenberger, J.-L. 2001. Review and analysis of the South American Hystricognathi (Mammalia, Rodentia). Comptes Rendus de l'Académie des Sciences, Série IIA 329(10):763-769.

v t e Hystricomorpha
Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Chordata Class: Mammalia Order: Rodentia
Ctenodactylomorphi Incertae sedis †Butomys †Mergenomys †Chapattimyidae Basalomys Birbalomys Chapattimys Kazygurtia Subathumys †Baluchimyinae Asterattus Baluchimys Lindsaya Lophibaluchia Wakkamys Zindapiria †Chapattimyinae Bolosomys Chapattimys Chkhikvadzomys Geitonomys Gumbatomys Khodzhentia Terrarboreus Ctenodactylidae †Africanomys Ctenodactylus Felovia †Irhoudia †Karakoromys Massoutiera †Metasayimys Pectinator †Pellegrinia †Pireddamys †Proafricanomys †Prosayimys †Sardomys †Sayimys †Tartaromys Diatomyidae †Diatomys †Fallomus †Inopinatia Laonastes †Marymus †Pierremus †Willmus †Tamquammyidae Orogomys Tsagankhushumys †Cocomyinae Cocomys †Tamquammyinae Adolomys Bumbanomys Kharomys Sharomys Tsagamys Ulanomys Viriosomys †Tsinlingomyinae Tsinlingomys †Yuomyidae Advenimus Petrokozlovia Saykanomys Yuomys
Hystricognathiformes †Tsaganomyidae Coelodontomys Cyclomilus Tsaganomys Hystricognathi Phiomorpha Bathyergomorpha †Paracryptomys Bathyergidae Bathyergus Cryptomys Fukomys Georychus Heliophobius †Bathyergoidae Bathyergoides Heterocephalidae Heterocephalus †Diamantomyidae Diamantomys Metaphiomys Pomonomys Prepomonomys Hystricidae Atherurus Hystrix †Miohystrix †Sivacanthion Trichys †Xenohystrix †Kenyamyidae Kenyamys Simonimys †Myophiomyidae †Myophiomyinae Elmerimys Myophiomys Phiomyoides †Phiocricetomyinae Phiocricetomys Petromuridae †Apodecter Petromus †Tufamys †Phiomyidae Acritophiomys Andrewsimys Elwynomys Gaudeamus Phiomys Thryonomyidae †Epiphiomys †Kochalia †Monamys †Neosciuromys †Paraphiomys †Paraulacodus †Protohummus †Sacaresia Thryonomys Caviomorpha See below↓
Caviomorpha Incertae sedis †Luribayomys Cavioidea †Guiomys †Scotamys Caviidae Caviinae †Allocavia †Cardiomys Cavia †Caviops †Dolicavia Galea †Macrocavia Microcavia †Neocavia †Palaeocavia †Pascualia Dolichotinae Dolichotis †Eodolichotis Pediolagus †Pliodolichotis †Propediolagus †Rhodanodolichotis Hydrochoerinae †Anatochoerus †Cardiatherium †Contracavia †Hydrochoeropsis Hydrochoerus Kerodon †Neochoerus †Nothydrochoerus †Phugatherium †Procellusignum †Xenocardia Ctenomyidae Ctenomys Dasyproctidae †Alloiomys †Australoprocta †Brasinamys Dasyprocta †Incamys †Megastus Myoprocta †Neoreomys †Palmiramys Dinomyiidae †Agnomys †Borikenomys †Pseudodiodomus Dinomyinae Dinomys †Telodontomys †Eumegamyinae Arazamys Briaromys Colpostemma Doellomys Eumegamysops Eumegamys Gyriabrus Isostylomys Josephoartigasia Orthomys Pentastylodon Pseudosigmomys Telicomys Tetrastylus †Potamarchinae Eusigmomys Olenopsis Potamarchus Scleromys Simplimus †Eocardiidae †Eocardiinae Chubutomys Eocardia Matiamys Neophanomys Phanomys Shistomys †Luantinae Asteromys Luantus †Neoepiblemidae Doryperimys Neoepiblema Perimys Phoberomys †Cephalomyidae Banderomys Cephalomyopsis Cephalomys Litodontomys Soriamys Chinchilloidea Abrocomidae Abrocoma Cuscomys †Protabrocoma Chinchillidae Chinchilla †Eoviscaccia †Incamys Lagidium Lagostomus †Pliolagostomus †Prolagostomus Erethizontoidea Erethizontidae †Branisamyopsis †Cholamys †Eopululo †Hypsosteiromys †Microsteiromys †Neosteiromys †Palaeosteiromys †Paradoxomys †Parasteiromys †Protosteiromys Chaetomyinae Chaetomys Erethizontinae Coendou Erethizon Octodontoidea Echimyidae †Cercomys †Maruchito †Paulacoutomys †Proclinodontomys †Willidewu †Adelphomyinae Adelphomys Deseadomys Paradelphomys Stichomys Xylechimys Capromyinae Capromyini Capromys Geocapromys Mesocapromys Mysateles †Hexolobodontini Hexolobodon †Isolobodontini Isolobodon Plagiodontini †Hyperplagiodontia Plagiodontia †Rhizoplagiodontia Carterodontinae Carterodon Echimyinae Echimyini Dactylomys Diplomys Echimys Isothrix Kannabateomys Lonchothrix Makalata Mesomys Olallamys Pattonomys Phyllomys Santamartamys Toromys Myocastorini Callistomys Hoplomys Myocastor Proechimys Thrichomys †Eumysopinae Acarechimys Chasichimys Eumysops Palaeoechimys Pampamys Pattersomys Protacaremys Protadelphomys Sallamys Euryzygomatomyinae Clyomys Euryzygomatomys Trinomys †Heteropsomyinae Boromys Brotomys Heteropsomys Puertoricomys †Heptaxodontidae Amblyrhiza Clidomys Elasmodontomys Quemisia Xaymaca Octodontidae Aconaemys Octodon Octodontomys Octomys Pipanacoctomys Spalacopus Tympanoctomys

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