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| Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este | |
|---|---|
 Photograph by Nadar | |
| Carlist pretender to the Spanish throne as Carlos VII | |
| Pretence | 3 October 1868 – 18 July 1909 |
| Predecessor | Juan de Borbón y Braganza |
| Successor | Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma |
| Legitimist pretender to the French throne | |
| Pretence | 18 November 1887 – 18 July 1909 |
| Predecessor | Juan de Borbón y Braganza |
| Successor | Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma |
| Born | Don Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael de Borbón y Austria-Este (1848-04-03)3 April 1848 Ljubljana, Carniola |
| Died | 15 August 1909(1909-08-15) (aged 61) Varese, Italy |
| Burial | Trieste Cathedral |
| Spouse |
(m. 1894) |
| Issue | Blanca de Borbón, Archduchess Leopold Salvator of Austria Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma Elvira de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma Beatriz de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma Alicia de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma |
| House | House of Bourbon-Anjou |
| Father | Juan de Borbón y Braganza |
| Mother | Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este |
| Signature |  |
Don Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este (Spanish: Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael; French: Charles Marie des Douleurs Jean Isidore Joseph François Cyr Antoine Michel Gabriel Raphaël; 30 March 1848 – 18 July 1909) was the Carlist claimant to the throne of Spain as Carlos VII from 1868 (his father's Spanish renunciation), and holder of the Legitimist claim to the throne of France under the name Charles XI after the death of his father in 1887.
Life
Carlos was born in Ljubljana, the capital of Carniola in what is now Slovenia, the elder son of Juan de Borbón y Braganza and of his wife Maria Beatrix of Austria-Este. His name in full was Carlos María de los Dolores Juan Isidro José Francisco Quirico Antonio Miguel Gabriel Rafael. As an infant he lived with his family briefly in London where his younger brother Alfonso was born. After their father, considered too liberal for Carlist tastes, left their mother, the boys lived with her in Modena. Her brother Francis V, Duke of Modena was largely responsible for the education of the boys and was the chief influence in their early lives. Carlos was known for his Traditionalist views, much different from those of his father.
Family
On 4 February 1867, at Frohsdorf in Austria, Carlos married Princess Margherita of Parma, daughter of Carlos III, Duke of Parma and of his wife, Princess Louise Marie Thérèse of France. The couple had five children:
- Blanca de Borbón (1868–1949) m in 1889 at Frohsdorf Archduke Leopold Salvator of Austria, Prince of Tuscany and had issue.
- Jaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1870–1931)
- Elvira de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1871–1929) died unmarried (but with illegitimate issue who took the surname "de Bourbon", by artist Filippo Folchi).
- Beatriz de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1874–1961) married in Venice in 1892 Prince Fabrizio Massimo di Roviano (his mother was Donna Francesca di Paola Lucchesi-Palli, daughter of Princess Caroline of Naples and Sicily and her second husband Ettore Lucchesi-Palli, 8th Duke della Grazia)
- Alicia de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma (1876–1975) married (1) in 1897 Prince Victor Friedrich Ernst von Schönburg-Waldenburg (1872-1910) at Venice and had issue, divorced 1903; (2) in 1906 at Viareggio, Lino del Prete (1877-1956) and had issue.
De facto king
Carlos organized and led the Third Carlist War. Between 1872 and 1876 he effectively controlled much of peninsular Spain, having as much legitimacy as the Presidents of the First Republic.
Later life
In January 1893 Carlos' wife, Margherita, died. The following year he decided to remarry. He consulted his mother who suggested two ladies: Princess Theresia of Liechtenstein (1871-1964) (daughter of Prince Alfred of Liechtenstein) and Princess Marie-Berthe de Rohan (daughter of Prince Alain Benjamin Arthur de Rohan).
Having met both ladies, Carlos decided on the latter and asked for her hand in marriage.
On 28 April 1894 Carlos and Berthe were married by Berthe's distant cousin, Cardinal Schönborn in his private chapel in Prague. Berthe had a dominant personality, making the marriage very unpopular among Carlists. "All writers agree that this second marriage was disastrous, not only for the family of Don Carlos and for himself, but also for the party."
Carlos died in Varese in 1909. He is buried in the Cathedral of San Giusto in Trieste. His son Jaime followed in his father's footsteps of claiming the French and Spanish thrones.
Ancestry
| Ancestors of Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este |
|---|
References
- ^ Chisholm 1911.
- Jaime Del Burgo, Carlos VII y su tiempo: Leyenda y realidad (Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 1994), 340.
- https://www.genealogics.org/relationship.php?altprimarypersonID=I00017683&savedpersonID=I00205959&secondpersonID=I00205959&maxrels=1&disallowspouses=1&generations=8&tree=LEO&primarypersonID=I00017683
- Del Burgo, 341
Bibliography
- Del Burgo, Jaime. Carlos VII y su tiempo: Leyenda y realidad. Pamplona: Gobierno de Navarra, 1994.
- "The Curé Santa Cruz and the Carlist War." Blackwood's Edinburgh Magazine (1873).
- "The Spanish Pretender: Who he is and What he has Been." The New York Times (May 31, 1874).
- Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Carlos, Don" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 5 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. pp. 344–345.
| Carlos de Borbón y Austria-Este House of BourbonCadet branch of the Capetian dynastyBorn: 30 March 1848 Died: 18 July 1909 | ||
| Titles in pretence | ||
|---|---|---|
| Preceded byJuan de Borbón y Braganza | — TITULAR — King of Spain Carlist pretender 3 October 1868 – 18 July 1909 |
Succeeded byJaime de Borbón y de Borbón-Parma |
| — TITULAR — King of France Legitimist succession 21 November 1887 – 18 July 1909 | ||
| VacantTitle last held byLouis Antoine, Duke of Angoulême | — TITULAR — Dauphin of France Legitimist succession 24 August 1883 – 21 November 1887 | |
| Carlist pretenders to the Spanish throne | ||
|---|---|---|
| Senior Carlists |
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| Bourbon-Parma claimants |
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| Bourbon claimants |
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| Alternative Bourbon claimant |
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| Habsburg claimants |
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| Pretenders to the French throne since 1792 | |||||||
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| Capetian pretenders (1792–present)  |
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| Bonaparte pretenders (1814–present)  |
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| Actually reign twice: first from 1814-1815, second from 1815-1824 Actually reigned from 1824-1830 Orléanist pretender from 1848-1873 as Louis Philippe II Reigned as King of Spain from 1886-1931 as Alfonso XIII Briefly restored and then deposed in 1815 Actually reigned from 1852-1870 | |||||||