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Chimeric nucleases are an example of engineered proteins which must comprise a DNA-binding domain to give sequence specificity and a nuclease domain for DNA cleavage.
DNA-binding domains
Further information: DNA-binding domainDNA-binding domains including the basic helix-loop-helix, zinc finger, helix-turn-helix and leucine zipper motifs have been used in construction of sequence-specific nucleases. Of these, zinc fingers have been suggested the most important due to their modularity, allowing construction of a tailor-made DNA-binding domain.
Nuclease domain
Further information: NucleaseThe nuclease domain is responsible for physical cleavage of DNA strands and may introduce either single stranded or double-stranded breaks. FokI is an example of a sequence-specific endonuclease whose non-specific nuclease domain introduces double stranded breaks and has been used in a variety of experiments including identification of high- and low-affinity binding sites of transcription factors in vitro, to study recruitment of factors to promoter sites in vivo using protein position identification with a nuclease tail assay and to study proteins specific to interaction with DNA in the Z-DNA conformation (Durai et al., 2005 and references therein).
See also
References
- Durai S, Mani M, Kandavelou K, Wu J, Porteus MH, Chandrasegaran S (2005). "Zinc finger nucleases: custom-designed molecular scissors for genome engineering of plant and mammalian cells". Nucleic Acids Res. 33 (18): 5978–90. doi:10.1093/nar/gki912. PMC 1270952. PMID 16251401.
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