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Cichla orinocensis

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Species of fish

Cichla orinocensis
Adult above, juvenile below
Conservation status

Least Concern  (IUCN 3.1)
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Cichliformes
Family: Cichlidae
Genus: Cichla
Species: C. orinocensis
Binomial name
Cichla orinocensis
Humboldt, 1821

Cichla orinocensis, sometimes known as the Orinoco peacock bass, tucunaré or tucunaré miri, is a very large species of cichlid. This peacock bass is native to the Rio Negro and Orinoco River basins in northern South America. It mainly occurs in blackwater rivers. Despite the name, it is not the only peacock bass in the Orinoco, as the river also is home to C. intermedia, C. nigromaculata, and C. temensis. Where it overlaps with the last species, C. orinocensis prefers more slow-moving and shallow waters. They are able to tolerate more turbid waters than other species of peacock bass.

It reaches up to about 62 cm (2 ft) in standard length. Adults are easily recognized by the three large gold-edged dark spots on the side of their body (a fourth spot on the tail) and lack of dark markings on the operculum.

A genetic study has indicated a clear divergence between the Orinoco and Rio Negro populations. If split, the Orinoco would retain the scientific name C. orinocensis.

References

  1. ^ Frederico, R.G. (2023). "Cichla orinocensis". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2023: e.T85282026A85282030. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2023-1.RLTS.T85282026A85282030.en. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  2. ^ Froese, R.; Pauly, D., eds. (October 2023). "Common names of Cichla orinocensis". FishBase. Retrieved 2 January 2024.
  3. ^ Froese, Rainer; Pauly, Daniel (eds.). "Cichla orinocensis". FishBase. October 2017 version.
  4. ^ Kullander, Sven; Efrem Ferreira (2006). "A review of the South American cichlid genus Cichla, with descriptions of nine new species (Teleostei: Cichlidae)". Ichthyological Explorations of Freshwaters. 17 (4).
  5. ^ "'Borboleto'—Cichla orinocensis". Acute Angling. Retrieved 17 October 2017.
  6. Willis, Stuart C.; Nunes, Mario S.; Montaña, Carmen G.; Farias, Izeni P.; Lovejoy, Nathan R. (2007). "Systematics, biogeography, and evolution of the Neotropical peacock basses Cichla (Perciformes: Cichlidae)". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution. 44 (1): 291–307. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2006.12.014. PMID 17275345.
Taxon identifiers
Cichla orinocensis
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